✅ Cómo FUNCIONA una PLANTA de RECICLAJE de RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS (ECOPARQUE) 👉 Parte 1
Summary
TLDREste vídeo nos lleva al Ecoparque de Cáceres para explorar el proceso de gestión de residuos. Se detalla cómo los camiones de recolección pesan y descargan basura en diferentes fracciones, como el contenedor amarillo para envases ligeros. Seguidamente, se muestra el proceso de separación y clasificación de los residuos, incluyendo la eliminación de materiales impuros y el uso de tecnología avanzada como separadores ópticos. Finalmente, se enfatiza la importancia de una correcta separación de residuos en el origen para maximizar la eficiencia del reciclaje y reducir la fracción de rechazo que termina en vertederos controlados.
Takeaways
- 🚚 El proceso comienza con camiones que llegan y son pesados tanto al entrar como al salir para calcular la cantidad de residuos.
- 🔄 Los camiones descargan residuos en bays de descarga específicos según el tipo de residuo que transportan, como recipientes ligeros, residuos residuales o equipos grandes.
- 🏭 La planta se especializa en el tratamiento de envases ligeros, mientras que otros tipos de residuos son tratados en otras instalaciones.
- 👷♀️ Los operarios en la planta realizan una clasificación primaria de los residuos, eliminando cualquier material que pueda interferir con el proceso de clasificación y tratamiento posterior.
- 🤖 Se utilizan equipos de separación de residuos automática, como separadores ópticos, para clasificar automáticamente los residuos, como el PET, mediante la detección de infrarojos.
- 🔭 Existen diferentes líneas de tratamiento para distintos tipos de residuos, como envases ligeros, fracción residual y equipos grandes, cada uno con su propio proceso de tratamiento.
- 🧲 Se emplean magnetes electromagnéticos y separadores de Foucault para separar metales ferrosos y no ferrosos, respectivamente, con el fin de su reciclaje.
- 🗑 Los residuos que no son clasificados en las cabinas de triaje secundario son reprocesados varias veces para minimizar la cantidad de rechazo final.
- 🔄 La calidad de los materiales reciclados se audita para garantizar que cumplan con las especificaciones mínimas, lo que permite a los recicladores saber qué material están comprando y reciclándolo.
- 🏗️ Los rechazos no clasificados son compactados y depositados en vertederos controlados para residuos no peligrosos, resaltando la importancia de una buena separación de residuos en el origen.
Q & A
¿Qué sucede con los residuos una vez que los dejamos en los contenedores?
-Los residuos son llevados a plantas de tratamiento donde se separan y clasifican según su tipo. En el Ecoparque de Cáceres, por ejemplo, se separan en fracciones de envases ligeros, residuos de fracción residual y objetos de gran volumen.
¿Cómo se pesan los camiones que llegan al Ecoparque de Cáceres?
-Los camiones que llegan al Ecoparque son pesados tanto al entrar como al salir para contar la cantidad de material de residuos que traen.
¿Cuáles son las diferentes fracciones de residuos que se separan en el Ecoparque de Cáceres?
-Se separan fracciones de envases ligeros, fracción residual y objetos de gran volumen, como muebles y aparatos eléctricos.
¿Qué sucede con los residuos del contenedor amarillo en el Ecoparque de Cáceres?
-Los residuos del contenedor amarillo, que son envases ligeros, son descargados en la playa de descarga correspondiente y luego se procesan a través de un sistema de cintas transportadoras y se clasifican automáticamente y manualmente.
¿Qué es una playa de descarga y cómo funciona en el Ecoparque?
-Una playa de descarga es el área donde los camiones descargan los residuos. En el Ecoparque, los residuos se separan en diferentes playas según su tipo y luego se procesan para su tratamiento y posible reciclaje.
¿Cómo se clasifican los residuos en la planta de tratamiento del Ecoparque?
-Los residuos se clasifican mediante una serie de procesos que incluyen la separación primaria, la apertura de bolsas, la separación balística y la clasificación secundaria, donde se usan operadores y equipos automáticos de selección óptica.
¿Qué es un separador óptico y cómo funciona en la clasificación de residuos?
-Un separador óptico es un equipo que clasifica automáticamente los residuos basándose en su infraestructura. Detecta materiales específicos, como PET, y usa válvulas de soplo para separar dichos materiales de la línea de producción.
¿Qué pasos adicionales se siguen después de la clasificación primaria y secundaria de los residuos?
-Después de la clasificación primaria y secundaria, los residuos pasan por un electromagneto que separa los metales ferrosos y un separador de Foucault que rechaza los no ferrosos, y finalmente, cualquier material no clasificado es revisado por un segundo separador óptico.
¿Cómo se garantiza la calidad de los materiales reciclados en la planta de tratamiento?
-La calidad se garantiza mediante auditorías donde se seleccionan bales de material, se abren y se clasifican para evaluar la eficiencia del proceso de clasificación y para cumplir con las especificaciones de calidad como las del ETMR en España.
¿Qué sucede con los residuos que no pueden ser clasificados o reciclados en la planta?
-Los residuos que no pueden ser clasificados se consideran rechazo de la planta y son compactados en bales para su depositación en un vertedero controlado de residuos no peligrosos.
¿Por qué es importante separar correctamente los residuos en el origen?
-Separar correctamente los residuos en el origen es fundamental para que la planta de tratamiento pueda clasificar y reciclar los materiales de manera más eficiente, reduciendo así la cantidad de rechazo y maximizando el aprovechamiento de los recursos.
Outlines
🚚 Proceso de Gestión de Residuos en Ecoparque de Cáceres
El vídeo comienza con una introducción al Ecoparque de Cáceres, donde se explica el proceso de gestión de residuos desde la recolección hasta el tratamiento. Se agradece a Gespesa y al Ministerio de Transición Ecológica y Sostenibilidad por permitir la grabación en sus instalaciones. Se describen los primeros pasos en la planta, como la pesaje de camiones y la descarga de residuos en diferentes bays según su tipo. Se enfatiza la importancia de la separación correcta de los residuos en el origen para facilitar el proceso de clasificación y tratamiento en la planta.
🔬 Clasificación y Tratamiento de Empaques Ligeros
Seguidamente, se detalla el flujo de tratamiento de los residuos de empaques ligeros, que llegan en contenedores amarillos. Seguidores operadores y maquinaria automática, como separadores ópticos, realizan la clasificación de materiales como PET y film. Se destaca la importancia de la separación de residuos en el hogar para mejorar la eficiencia del proceso de reciclaje en la planta. También se menciona el uso de imanes y separadores de Foucault para clasificar metales y otros materiales no ferrosos.
🔄 Reciclaje y Rechazo en la Gestión de Residuos
Por último, se explica el destino final de los materiales una vez clasificados y compactados en la planta. Se mencionan los diferentes tipos de plásticos, como HDPE y film, que son compactados y listos para ser reciclados. Se aborda la importancia de la calidad en los materiales reciclados y cómo se realizan auditorías para garantizar que cumplan con las especificaciones necesarias. Se concluye con la mención de los rechazos, que son los residuos no clasificados y que son depositados en vertederos controlados para residuos no peligrosos, subrayando la necesidad de minimizar estos rechazos para mejorar la sostenibilidad ambiental.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ecoparque
💡Gespesa
💡Ministerio de Transición Ecológica y Sostenibilidad
💡Fracción de residuos
💡Contenedores de desechos
💡Tratamiento de residuos
💡Separación selectiva
💡Reciclaje
💡Rechazo
💡Auditorías
Highlights
El proceso de gestión de residuos comienza con los camiones que llegan y son pesados tanto al entrar como al salir para contar el material de desechos.
Los camiones se descargan en diferentes bays según el tipo de residuo que transportan, como contenedores amarillos para envases ligeros o gris para fracción residual.
La planta trata principalmente el envase ligero, mientras que el resto de los residuos son tratados en otras instalaciones.
Los envases ligeros de color amarillo son descargados y llevados a la cabina de clasificación primaria para su procesamiento.
Se usa una técnica de separación óptica para clasificar automáticamente los residuos, como el PET, mediante la detección de infrarojos.
Los residuos que no son aptos para el proceso de clasificación son eliminados por operadores en la cabina de clasificación primaria.
Los residuos clasificados pasan por un triturador de bolsas y luego por un separador balístico que separa por forma y tamaño.
Los envases de PET son dirigidos a un silo secundario, mientras que el resto de los materiales continúa en la cabina de triaje secundario.
En la cabina de triaje secundario, se usa un aspirador automático para clasificar el plástico de película.
Los materiales son separados por tipo, no por color, y luego comprimidos para su reciclaje.
Se usa un electromagnet para separar los metales ferrosos, como el acero de los envases de bebidas.
El separador de Foucault rechaza los materiales no ferrosos, como los envases de aluminio, para su reciclaje.
Los residuos que no son clasificados en el triaje secundario pasan por otro separador óptico para recuperar materiales adicionales.
Los metales como el acero y el aluminio son comprimidos por separado y forman bultos antes de ser enviados a recicladores.
Los bultos de material clasificado son almacenados y luego enviados a recicladores, que realizan una clasificación más detallada.
Las auditorías regulares aseguran la calidad del material reciclado, verificando la eficiencia del proceso de clasificación.
Los residuos no clasificados, considerados rechazo de la planta, son compactados y depositados en vertederos controlados para desechos no peligrosos.
La importancia de la separación correcta de los residuos en el origen no puede ser subestimada, ya que permite un procesamiento más eficiente y menor generación de rechazo.
Transcripts
Do you know what is done with the waste once we leave it in the containers? Where are they going?
How are they treated? Well, stay until the end of the video because it will surprise you. Let's go for it!
I have come to the Ecoparque de Cáceres to show how waste management works and
how some of the waste streams from collection that we find, for example, on the streets
are treated . I have to thank Gespesa and the Ministry of Ecological Transition and
Sustainability for allowing me to record at the facilities. So,
if you want to know what happens to waste, let's go for it! The first step in the plant
is that the trucks arrive and are weighed here on the scale, both at the entrance and at the exit,
to count the material that they bring from waste. Once the trucks are weighed, they
are dumped at each of the unloading bays based on the fraction
of waste they bring. This is for light containers of the yellow container, that is for the
gray container of residual fraction and that one is for bulky ones, where they bring different
electrical and electronic devices, bulky materials such as furniture and appliances,
and then waste collectors as they come and go. they pick them up. In this plant they simply treat the
fraction of light packaging the rest fraction. And then we are going to see what is
done with each of the waste. Okay, well, I'm at the light container unloading beach, here
the trucks arrive with the yellow container and they unload it as you can see behind me, and a
loader is throwing it into that feeder. As you can see here there are tons of trash
just from the yellow bin. I am here with Guadalupe, who is the Gespesa environmental technician
who is guiding me through the eco-park, so, Guadalupe is delighted to greet you and thank you very
much for authorizing this visit and being able to record the facilities.Can you tell a little what is
happening here with the waste in this discharge beach where we are? Well, as
Javier has said, this beach where we find ourselves is the beach where
light packaging is received. Basically we get what is the yellow container that we have in the streets,
in all the streets of, in this case of Extremadura. This plant provides exactly
the service to Cáceres and the Cáceres area, which we have distributed in Extremadura, are a
certain number of municipalities. And as you can see, back here we have the beach with all the
waste from the light packaging that reaches us. From this point, it is the point at which
the City Council ends its function and ours begins, from here the whole
development of the treatment of the waste begins , in this case the light packaging as you can see,
we can teach more go ahead. Here in these facilities and in all the ones we have in
Extremadura, we have specific areas for the different types of waste that come to us
. In which we are, only light packaging is received and it has a separate line attached
to the rest. It is not only light packaging, below you can see the
other flows that reach these facilities such as the rest fraction, the famous
green container here in Cáceres for example is gray with an orange lid, in short, it may have different
modifications in colors. We also have a ship that you will see later as a rest fraction, it
also has its own line, apart from this first one that we have said. They are independent,
you can work with the two lines at the same time without any problem and without mixing flows
because they are independent in all their travel. In addition, we also have a third warehouse, which is
the warehouse to receive bulky items or belongings that come to us from the different municipalities. This
is the line of light packaging, the waste from the yellow container would pass through this belt,
would go to the primary sorting, later it would go to a bag opener and later it would go to a ballistic one,
which what it does is separate it by shape depending on whether it is waste flat, if they are 3d shaped residues
, or if they are fine residues. Well, here we are with the flow of light packaging,
which once it enters the discharge beach, goes up this waste belt and enters the
primary sorting cabin , where operators are removing different types of waste that they can
suppose. an impediment to later the classification and treatment of materials, okay? And here
we have one of the automatic waste sorting equipment, it is located on the light packaging
line and it is an optical separator, okay? What it does is automatically classify
the waste. Right now it is set up to classify PET. And when the optical separator
detects the infrared that there is a PET container, at the end of the belt, as you can see,
there are blower valves that make the waste jump and blow out of the
line to classify us. And here we can see the three flows that come out of the optician, here we have the
brick material, which has blown up with this tape and that vacuum hood because what it does is
suck up the film that may remain on the line. Then we have the PET line that is this one that
goes through here, that goes to the PET silo that is under the secondary sorting cabin, and then
we have the rest of the materials that have not blown, which what they do is go through this belt to the
secondary triage cabin, where there is also a vacuum cleaner at the top of the belt to
classify or vacuum the film. Here the waste sucked by the automatic film vacuum cleaner
placed in one of the light packaging lines falls, as you can see, there are all kinds
of colored film format of all kinds of bags. What is film is separated and then pressed together. We are
already inside the secondary triage cabin of the light packaging flow, where as you can see,
the waste enters, it goes through this belt. You can see containers of all kinds of material, there are still
traces of film, there are aluminum containers, brik containers, and here you can see an improper one. And
different people are classifying them according to the type of material that each one
has to select and they are introducing them in their corresponding silo, which we can see here,
in this first they are classifying the brik, here they are classifying PET containers, both
bottle and other type of format, here we can see how they classify film, okay? that the film,
after all, is light and flexible plastic that can be made of different materials, it can
be low-density polyethylene, it can be high-density polyethylene, polypropylene,
and so on. So here we have HDPE containers, both the PET containers, as well as the HDPE containers, as well as the film, are
not separated by color. They are simply separated by materials and pressed together, each material
separately, but all the different colors, and so on, then here we can also see how they separate
film. Although you can see that the different materials are being classified, the plants
are not 100% effective or 100% efficient, that is why it is super important that you correctly separate
the waste at home and the depositions in the appropriate container so that later the
classification work can be carried out. the plants can be carried out in a better way and the materials end up
where they touch. Because if an inappropriate waste arrives here, it may probably not end up being
recycled. The waste leaves the secondary sorting cabin of the light
packaging fraction , goes through an electromagnet that attracts ferric metals, for example,
steel from beverage containers, and separates them so that they can be classified. And after the magnet,
what we have is a Foucault separator, which what it does is repel non-ferrous materials,
as you can see, aluminum containers repel them and make them jump, classifying for
later recycling. The residues that have not been classified in the secondary sorting cabin,
neither by the magnet nor by the Foucault, go through another optical that serves to recover some
other materials that may have been cast. And the rejection, which is what falls through that tape below,
reaches through that ink to that nurse that can be seen there. And why does it reach there? Well, because in
this plant, the containers are recirculated 3 times, that is, they go through the whole process
three times again so that most of the waste can be classified and generate the least possible rejection
, because in the end, the more Take advantage of waste, there are more resources that can be obtained
from these waste as raw material. If you are liking the video, what you are watching, subscribe
to the channel because I have many things to tell you about waste management and sustainability. And here
we have the metal press, where steel and aluminum are pressed separately,
as you can see here. The bullets are made and the little balls are coming out. Well now we are
going to the recovered material warehouse, where the bales of material are once
classified and pressed as you can see here. For example, in the case of PET, the material is separated
together, it is not differentiated by colors or anything like that, everything that is for trays, bottles,
etc. Regardless of its color, it is classified as its own material, it is pressed and then
the final recyclers make another classification and already separate the PET by colors,
and so on. To take advantage of it in the best possible way. Here we have the mixed plastic bullets
, that the mixed plastic is made up of different types of plastic as its
name indicates, we can see how there are polystyrene, polypropylene, PVC and other types of plastics that
are grouped within this fraction. Here we have all the HDPE high density polyethylene plastic bales
. All containers are classified with the label, with the cap, etc. and then
in the next phase of treatment by recyclers, and they are removed dirt,
labels, caps and other, which can also be recycled. These are the bales of film,
that is, all the bags and others in film format that we have seen, they are pressed together and then
they can be recycled, okay? It is your material that can be recycled. And here we have the bullets
of bri, k of all kinds of brik, milk brick, juice, whatever. It is classified and pressed
as you can see here, it is fixed with some wires and this can then be sent to the recyclers
, okay? And these materials already classified, obviously are not 100% own material,
but there is always some type of improper, no matter how small, as we can see in this
film bale , we can see here an aluminum can because at the end it has been cast in the
classification process And what is done to ensure the quality of these materials? Well
, audits are usually done, okay? I have worked for a long time doing audits as a
characterization inspector and what they do is choose different bales of material, they are opened
and classified to see, well, how is the efficiency of the classification process,
what types of waste are the that are more commonly strained ... There we can see, for example,
some metal container that has not been classified. And this serves later also to, obviously,
meet a series of specifications that in Spain are those of ETMR and then the recyclers
will have a guarantee that the material that reaches them, which they obviously have to
buy, is not delivered to them. free of charge, since this material meets
minimum quality specifications so that they obviously know which material they are buying and which they are going to
recycle. And what remains that has not been classified, is considered as the rejection of the
plant. Keep in mind that in all waste treatment plants they are not 100% effective
or 100% efficient, and you will always end up producing a rejection that cannot be classified,
either because they are improper, or because efficiency is not the best. enough. Well, the
rejects from the plant finally end up in the presses, okay? In this reject press,
as you can see, they wrap it in bullets and then wrap it in film. It is
made so that they take up less space, give off less odors, waste less waste
and more. And later, these bales are deposited in a controlled landfill for
non-hazardous waste. It is very important that the rejection fraction is as low as possible,
because the treatment of the landfill deposit is the least optimal, after all it is to bury
waste, in a controlled way, yes, but to bury it by the end of time.
Then the optimal thing would be to generate the less rejections and the more waste is used, the
better. And for that reason, it is also very important to make a correct separation at origin from the houses,
and to deposit the waste where it belongs. Here as you can see, the bullets are already wrapped in film and they
come out through this belt so that a bull can load them and take them, let's see, a bull is a machine, okay?
do not think that it is an animal. The bull takes these bullets, puts them in a truck and they are deposited in
the controlled landfill, which we will not see in this video but we will see in a future one.
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