HARVARD experts reveal The Worst Mistakes In Negotiation.

LITTLE BIT BETTER
20 Aug 202407:05

Summary

TLDR本视频脚本基于《哈佛谈判项目》创始人威廉·尤里和罗杰·费舍尔的著作《达成共识》,探讨了在谈判中常见的三大错误来源:感知、沟通和情绪。通过具体例子,如租户与房东的不同视角,展示了如何通过五点建议来应对感知问题,包括不以恐惧为前提做假设、开放讨论彼此的感知、设身处地考虑问题等。在沟通方面,强调了倾听的重要性,建议通过总结对方观点和要求对方总结自己的观点来提高沟通效率。最后,讨论了情绪在冲突中的作用,提出了公开讨论情绪、允许对方表达不满等方法来处理情绪,以促进谈判的顺利进行。

Takeaways

  • 🔍 感知问题:人们看待世界的方式受个人视角的影响,不同人对同一事物的感知可能不同。
  • 🤔 避免恐惧引导假设:人们常基于恐惧做出假设,这可能导致误解。
  • 🗣️ 开放性地讨论彼此的感知:通过交流不同视角,增进理解。
  • 👀 换位思考:理解他人观点,有助于更好地沟通和解决问题。
  • 🤝 避免责备,表达感受:用“I”语句代替指责,减少对方的防御反应。
  • 🏆 参与感:让对方参与解决方案的制定,增加接受度。
  • 👂 沟通技巧:倾听是为了理解,而不仅仅是为了回应。
  • 🔄 反馈理解:用自己的话重述对方观点,确保理解正确。
  • 📝 确认理解:请求对方总结你的观点,确保沟通无误。
  • ❤️ 情绪管理:在冲突中,情绪比话语更重要,需要被认真对待和处理。
  • 💬 允许表达情绪:让对方完全表达他们的不满和情绪,有助于缓解紧张。

Q & A

  • 哈佛谈判项目的创始人是谁?

    -哈佛谈判项目的创始人是William Ury和Roger Fisher。

  • 在《Getting to Yes》一书中,作者提到了哪三个领域是导致最糟糕错误的根源?

    -作者提到导致最糟糕错误的三个领域是感知、沟通和情绪。

  • 为什么人们看待世界的方式不同?

    -人们看待世界的方式不同,因为他们通过自己的独特视角来过滤和解释信息,就像每个人面前都有一个过滤器一样。

  • 如何理解感知问题中的房东和租客的例子?

    -房东和租客的例子展示了相同的情境如何被不同的人以不同的方式感知,这取决于他们的个人经验和观点。

  • 在处理感知问题时,为什么不应该让恐惧引导你的假设?

    -让恐惧引导假设会导致人们做出基于恐惧的预测,这通常是错误的,因为它基于最坏情况的预期,而不是实际情况。

  • 如何通过讨论来解决感知问题?

    -通过公开讨论彼此的感知,从不同的角度看待问题,设身处地考虑问题,不因问题而责怪对方,以及让所有人参与到解决方案的制定过程中,可以解决感知问题。

  • 为什么人们在沟通时往往不会真正倾听对方?

    -人们在沟通时往往不会真正倾听对方,因为他们更倾向于听自己想要回应的内容,而不是为了理解对方的观点。

  • 有效的沟通应该包括哪些步骤?

    -有效的沟通应该包括:真正倾听对方的观点,用自己的话总结对方的意思以确保理解,以及要求对方也这样做来确保双方都能准确理解对方的观点。

  • 情绪在冲突中扮演什么角色,为什么它们很重要?

    -在冲突中,情绪比言语更重要,因为强烈的情绪可以迅速结束谈判。情绪可以激发对方的情绪,使双方更倾向于争斗而非寻找解决方案。

  • 如何处理谈判中的情绪问题?

    -处理情绪问题的方法包括公开讨论双方的情绪,让对方表达他们的挫折感,并且认真倾听,直到他们表达完所有想要说的话。

  • 为什么让对方参与到解决方案的制定过程中很重要?

    -让对方参与到解决方案的制定过程中很重要,因为如果他们感到被排除在外,他们不太可能接受结果。参与可以增加接受度,即使条件不是最理想的。

  • 《Getting to Yes》这本书提供了哪些谈判技巧?

    -《Getting to Yes》这本书提供了关于如何处理感知问题、沟通问题和情绪问题的技巧,以及如何通过让对方参与到解决方案的制定过程中来增加谈判成功的可能性。

Outlines

00:00

😀 感知差异与沟通技巧

本段主要讨论了人们如何因个人感知差异而误解对方。感知差异源于个人独特的观点和经历,导致对同一事物的不同理解。例如,租户和房东对租金的看法可能截然不同。为了解决感知问题,提出了五个建议:1) 不要让恐惧引导假设;2) 开诚布公地讨论彼此的感知;3) 站在对方的角度考虑问题;4) 不要因为对方的行为而责怪他们,而是表达自己的感受;5) 让参与者在解决问题的过程中发挥作用,以提高解决方案的接受度。此外,还强调了有效沟通的重要性,指出人们常常为了回应而倾听,而不是为了理解。有效的沟通方法包括:倾听以理解对方,用自己的话复述以确保理解,并要求对方也这样做,以确保双方都能准确理解对方的观点。

05:00

😤 情绪在冲突中的作用

这段内容讨论了情绪在冲突中的重要性,指出强烈的情绪可以迅速结束谈判。为了有效处理情绪,提出了几个方法:1) 开放地讨论双方的情绪;2) 允许对方表达他们的挫折感,通过倾听来缓解情绪;3) 通过处理情绪,为寻找解决方案铺平道路。如果情绪没有得到妥善处理,它们可能会反复出现,影响谈判的进展。此外,提到了《达成共识》一书,建议观众如果希望提高谈判技巧,可以阅读这本书。最后,感谢观众的观看,并希望视频内容对他们有所帮助。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡感知

感知是指人们对世界的理解方式,它受到个人独特视角和经验的影响。在视频中,感知被用来说明人们如何根据自己的观点来解释信息,例如租客和房东对租金高低的不同看法。感知问题的处理方法之一是不要让自己害怕的事情引导自己的假设。

💡沟通

沟通是信息交流的过程,但人们往往为了回应而听,而不是为了理解。视频中提到,有效的沟通需要倾听以理解对方,而不是仅仅准备回应。例如,当对方讲话时,我们应该集中注意力理解他们的观点,然后再用自己的话进行总结,确保双方都被听见和理解。

💡情绪

情绪在冲突中扮演着重要角色,强烈的情绪反应可能会迅速结束谈判。视频中提到,处理情绪的方法之一是公开讨论双方的情绪,让对方有机会表达他们的不满和挫折,这有助于缓解紧张情绪,为找到解决方案铺平道路。

💡假设

假设是人们基于恐惧或预设信念所做的预测。视频中通过一个例子说明了假设可能导致误解,比如担心被带到不熟悉的路上意味着危险,而实际上那只是一个更快的回家路线。

💡换位思考

换位思考是指设身处地考虑问题,理解对方的立场和感受。视频中提到,要真正理解对方的视角,而不仅仅是从外部观察。这有助于我们更全面地看待问题,从而找到更有效的解决方案。

💡责任

责任在这里指的是当人们感觉自己被排除在决策过程之外时,可能对结果产生不满。视频中提到,如果员工没有被问及是否想要承担某个任务,他们可能会对被分配的任务感到不满。

💡所有权

所有权感是指当人们感觉自己对某个想法或决策有贡献时,他们更有可能接受并支持这个决策。视频中强调,如果双方都感觉自己对解决方案有所有权,那么达成协议就会变得更加容易。

💡参与

参与是指让人们在决策过程中发挥作用,这可以增加他们对结果的接受度。视频中提到,如果人们感觉自己被排除在外,他们不太可能接受最终的结果,因此让他们参与到解决方案的开发过程中是非常重要的。

💡谈判

谈判是双方为了达成某种共识或协议而进行的讨论过程。视频中以《达成是》这本书为基础,讨论了在谈判中常见的错误以及如何避免它们,比如处理感知问题、沟通障碍和情绪问题。

💡解决方案

解决方案是指解决特定问题的方法或策略。视频中提到,当双方都参与到解决方案的开发过程中时,他们更有可能接受最终的结果,即使条件不是最理想的。

Highlights

感知问题:人们看待世界的方式受到他们自身特质的影响,就像每个人都戴着一个过滤器。

感知差异示例:租客和房东对租金支付和情感态度的不同看法。

处理感知问题的五个建议,包括不以恐惧为假设基础和开放讨论彼此的感知。

沟通的重要性:人们通常为了回应而听,而不是为了理解。

有效沟通的策略:倾听以理解,用自己的话复述对方的观点以确保理解。

情绪在冲突中的重要性:情绪有时比言语更重要,强烈的情绪可以迅速结束谈判。

处理情绪的方法:公开讨论双方的情绪,允许对方表达不满。

情绪处理的重要性:首先处理情绪可以使人们更容易合作寻找解决方案。

感知、沟通和情绪是谈判中导致错误发生的三个主要领域。

不要因为恐惧而做出假设,例如担心他人有不良意图。

尝试站在对方的立场上理解问题,了解他们的感受。

不要因为对方的行为而责怪他们,而是表达自己的感受。

让参与者参与解决方案的制定过程,以增加他们对结果的接受度。

确保双方都对谈判结果有所有权感,这有助于达成协议。

在沟通时,确保双方都有机会总结对方的观点以确认理解。

情绪的表达和处理是谈判成功的关键,不应被忽视。

《Getting to Yes》一书提供了提高谈判技巧的理论和实践方法。

Transcripts

play00:00

William Yuri and Roger Fischer are the

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founders of the Harvard negotiation

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project in their book getting to yes the

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authors explained that the worst

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mistakes come from one of these three

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areas perception communication emotion

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let's start with the perception people

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don't see the world as it is they see it

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as they are it's like everyone walks

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around with a filter in front of their

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faces similar to the one voiceover

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artists use when recording everything

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you say passes through that filter and

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is interpreted based on their unique

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perspectives here is how perceptions of

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the same thing can be different tenant I

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always pay rent whenever she asks for it

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landlord she never pays until I ask for

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it tenant the rent is too high landlord

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the rent has not been increased for a

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long time tenant she is cold and distant

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never asks how I am landlord I'm a

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consider person who never intrudes

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tenants

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privacy here are five tips to deal with

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the perception problem one don't let

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fears guide your assumptions people

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often assume that whatever they fear the

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other side intends to do for instance

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they met in a bar where he offered her a

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ride home he took her down unfamiliar

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streets he said it was a shortcut he got

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her home so fast she caught the 10:00

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news why is the ending so surprising

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well we made an assumption based on our

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fears it is all too easy to fall into

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the habit of putting the worst

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interpretation on what the other side

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says or does two discuss each other's

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perceptions openly here is how things

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look like from my perspective how does

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it look from your perspective three put

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yourself in their shoes how you see the

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world depends on where you sit it's not

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enough to study them like beetles under

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a microscope you need to know what it

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feels like to be a beetle four don't

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blame them for your problem instead

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instead of saying you broke your word

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say I feel let down instead of saying

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you're racist say I feel discriminated

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against this conveys the same message

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without provoking defensive reaction

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five involve them in the process of

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developing Solutions if they feel

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excluded they are unlikely to approve

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the outcome participation increases

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acceptance even if the terms aren't

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ideal this is the most critical factor

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in whether the other side accepts the

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solution or not for for example if you

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fail to ask an employee whether he wants

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an assignment with responsibility don't

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be surprised to find out that he resents

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it if you want the other side to accept

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a disagreeable conclusion you must

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involve them in the process of reaching

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that conclusion agreement becomes much

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easier if both sides feel ownership of

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the ideas now let's talk about

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communication whatever you say expect

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that the other side will almost always

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hear something different why because

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people don't don't listen to understand

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they listen to respond you might agree

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with this yet you likely make the same

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mistake while the other person talks

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you're already thinking about the

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response that you will give once they

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stop talking this is a huge problem so

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how do you communicate effectively first

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listen to understand not to respond once

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you understand simply tell them what you

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understood sum it up and give it back to

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them in your own words for examp example

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did I understand correctly that you're

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saying this has two huge benefits number

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one you make them feel understood the

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best and simplest gift you can give to

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the other side is to make them feel

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heard number two this ensures you

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accurately understand their point of

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view remember understanding it is not

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agreeing you can understand and still

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disagree completely it is in your

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interest to make them feel understood if

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they don't feel it they won't listen to

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you when you are talking they'll think I

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told him my view but now he's saying

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something different so he must not have

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understood it instead of listening to

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you they'll be thinking about how to

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rephrase their argument so that you

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finally understand them by the way

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people often raise their voices because

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they believe speaking louder will firmly

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make you understand them so make them

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feel heard by summarizing what they said

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you can also ask them to sum Mize your

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point to ensure they understood you

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correctly here's what I usually

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say could you please sum up what I just

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said to ensure I explained it well I

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sometimes get carried away and don't

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communicate effectively if you noticed I

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shifted the focus to me in my

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explanation this way you're not

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attacking them or questioning their

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understanding so remember these three

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key points one listen to understand not

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to respond two summarize what you

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understood to make them feel heard three

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ask them to do the same finally let's

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talk about the third area

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emotions in a bitter conflict feelings

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matter More Than Words the parties may

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be more ready to fight than to find a

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solution emotions on one side can stirp

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emotions on the other strong feelings

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can quickly end a negotiation so how to

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deal with emotions one openly discuss

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both your emotions and theirs you can

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say our side feels mistreated and very

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upset we're afraid an agreement won't be

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kept even if we reach one whether it's

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rational or not that's how we feel I

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think our fear might be misplaced but

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that's how we feel right now do people

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on your side feel the same way two let

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them talk about their

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frustrations people feel relieved by

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simply recounting their resentments to

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an attentive audience imagine you come

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home Angry and want to talk about all

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the terrible things that happened at

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work today but your partner says come on

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let's just go for dinner I'm sure you've

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had a bad day how would you feel the

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answer is obvious when you're angry you

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just need someone to listen to you while

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you talk you don't need a solution you

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just need to vent so if the emotions are

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high allow them to express their

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frustrations fully just listen

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attentively as they talk about their

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resentments occasionally encourage them

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to continue until they've said said

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everything they want to say by handling

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the emotions first you make it easier

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for everyone to work together once

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emotions are out in the open people are

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more likely to move on toward finding a

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solution if you don't handle the

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emotions first they will just keep

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coming back and at some point you'll

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find yourself or the other side

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screaming earlier I mentioned this video

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is based on the book getting to yes I've

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shared a summary of it before so if you

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want to increase your negotiation skills

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check it out you probably see it on your

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screen thanks for watching and hope it

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was useful

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