ICT Infrastructure & Information Security 1
Summary
TLDRThis video lecture delves into the intricate layers of ICT infrastructures, focusing on hardware, software, and communication systems, while emphasizing the significance of information security in e-business. It outlines the three-tier architecture of client, business, and data tiers, highlighting the role of databases, document management, and ERP systems in backend operations. The lecture also underscores the importance of integrating front-end systems with backend databases for dynamic website content and efficient organizational functioning.
Takeaways
- 🌐 The lecture covers ICT infrastructures, including hardware, software, communication infrastructures, and information security, with a separate focus on the latter.
- 📚 After the lecture, viewers should be able to outline the functionality of backend and front-end ICT infrastructures and describe three-tier client-server architecture.
- 🔒 The importance of data and information security in e-business and e-commerce is highlighted, with approaches to securing information discussed.
- 💻 There are three layers of informatics infrastructures: information infrastructures, information system infrastructures, and ICT infrastructures, which are mutually interdependent.
- 📈 Information system infrastructures act as a high-level map of an information system, representing a composite of systems that emulate standard human activities.
- 🛠️ Critical technologies for back-end ICT infrastructures include database management systems, data warehouses, document management, and enterprise resource planning systems.
- 🗂️ Database management systems (DBMS) are sets of computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of databases, facilitating transaction management and application development.
- 🏢 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate various organizational functions under one umbrella, often feeding from a central database.
- 📑 Document management systems are used for handling unstructured data, such as physical documents, which are not efficiently managed by database systems.
- 🌟 Modern ICT infrastructures often follow a three-tier client-server architecture, with the client tier accessible through web browsers or smartphone apps.
- 🌐 The integration of front-end and back-end systems is crucial for organizational effectiveness, especially with the use of internet and web technologies.
Q & A
What are the three layers of informatics infrastructures mentioned in the lecture?
-The three layers of informatics infrastructures are: 1) Information Infrastructures, which consist of definitions of information needs and activities involved; 2) Information System Infrastructures, which consist of information systems needed to support organizational activities; and 3) ICT Infrastructures, which consist of the hardware, software, data, and communication facilities, as well as ICT knowledge and skills available to the organizations.
What is the purpose of an information system infrastructure in a commercial organization?
-The purpose of an information system infrastructure in a commercial organization is to represent a composite of the systems that support standard human activities such as sales, accounting, stock control, and procurement. It typically emulates these activities and provides the necessary information inputs for the organization.
How do ICT infrastructures differ from information system infrastructures?
-ICT infrastructures go beyond information systems by including not only the systems that support organizational activities but also the hardware, software, data, communication facilities, and the ICT knowledge and skills available to the organizations. They provide a more comprehensive technological foundation for an organization.
What is the role of a database management system (DBMS) in an ICT infrastructure?
-A DBMS is a set of computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of databases within an organization. It allows for the consolidation of data records into databases that can be accessed by various application programs and facilitates database development, interrogation, maintenance, and application development.
What is the difference between a data warehouse and a data mart?
-A data warehouse is a large database that stores data extracted from various operational, external, and other databases across an organization. A data mart, on the other hand, is a database that contains a subset of data from a data warehouse, focusing on specific aspects of a company, such as a department or a business process.
Why is document management important in an organization?
-Document management is important because much of the data collected, disseminated, and used within organizations is unstructured or semi-structured. Database systems are not typically good at handling such data, hence a document management system is frequently used to manage this type of data effectively.
How does an ERP system integrate different organizational functions?
-An ERP system integrates different organizational functions by providing a series of software modules that feed into a central database of organizational data. It typically consists of packages that were originally developed from manufacturing resource planning systems and aims to streamline and unify business processes across the organization.
What are the three-tier client-server architectures in the context of modern ICT infrastructures?
-The three-tier client-server architectures refer to the client tier, the business tier, and the data tier. The client tier is the front-end ICT systems accessed through various devices, the business tier consists of web servers providing electronic services to stakeholders, and the data tier involves large corporate databases storing operational data.
How do internet and web technologies contribute to the integration of front-end and back-end systems in an organization?
-Internet and web technologies contribute to integration by enabling dynamic updates from backend databases to the information presented on the front end. They also allow the information entered by customers to update the company's information system effectively, ensuring that both the front-end and back-end systems work seamlessly together.
What is the significance of intranet in an organization's ICT infrastructure?
-An intranet is significant as it allows for internal communication and coordination within an organization using web technologies. It can be used for various e-business applications, such as internal websites, database systems, and ERP, providing a platform for collaboration and information sharing within the company.
What challenges do static web pages present for constructing websites, and how can they be addressed?
-Static web pages present challenges because any change to the content requires manual amendment and republication, which can be time-consuming and error-prone for large websites. This can be addressed by developing core technologies that create a linkage between corporate databases and the information published on the internet, allowing for dynamic content updates.
Outlines
💻 ICT Infrastructures and Information Security Overview
This paragraph introduces the topic of ICT infrastructures, encompassing hardware, software, and communication systems, with a focus on information security to be discussed in a separate lecture. It outlines the learning objectives, which include understanding the three layers of informatics infrastructures, backend and frontend functionalities, client-server software architecture, database system integration with the web, and the significance of data security in e-business and e-commerce. The paragraph also touches on various critical technologies for backend ICT infrastructures, such as database management systems, data warehouses, document management, and enterprise resource planning systems.
🗂️ Data Management and Enterprise Systems
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of data management, discussing the role of data warehouses and data marts in storing and organizing structured data from various sources. It contrasts structured data with unstructured data and the need for document management systems to handle the latter. The paragraph also explains the integration of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, which combine multiple organizational functions into a unified system. The importance of effective ICT system integration for transactional websites and the three-tier architecture of modern ICT infrastructures in organizations are highlighted, emphasizing the client tier, business tier, and data tier.
🌐 Internet and Web Technologies in ICT Systems
The final paragraph discusses the use of internet and web technologies in creating standardized interfaces for ICT systems within organizations. It describes how different stakeholders, such as customers, employees, managers, and suppliers, access the front-end systems through various devices and networks. The paragraph explains the concept of an intranet as a specialized ICT system for internal communication and coordination, and how it can be structured both horizontally, with clients and servers, and vertically, with communication lines and software. The paragraph concludes by addressing the challenges of maintaining static web pages and the development of core technologies to dynamically link corporate databases with internet or extranet webpages.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡ICT Infrastructures
💡Information Security
💡Information System Infrastructures
💡Database Management Systems (DBMS)
💡Data Warehouse
💡Document Management
💡Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
💡Three-Tier Client-Server Architecture
💡Intranet
💡Extranet
💡Web Technologies
Highlights
Introduction to ICT infrastructures, including hardware, software, communication infrastructures, and information security.
Separate discussion of information security in a future video lecture.
Describing the three layers of informatics infrastructures: information, information system, and ICT infrastructures.
Functionality of backend and front-end ICT infrastructures and their role in organizational activities.
Importance of data and information security in e-business and e-commerce.
Explanation of the three-tier client-server architecture in modern ICT infrastructures.
Identification of common critical technologies for back-end ICT infrastructures in commercial organizations.
Role of database management systems (DBMS) in managing and controlling databases.
Facilities provided by DBMS for database development, interrogation, maintenance, and application development.
Difference between data warehouse and data mart in terms of data storage and retrieval.
Challenges of managing unstructured data and the use of document management systems.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and their integration of various organizational functions.
Importance of effective planning and management of ICT systems for organizational integration.
Use of internet and web technologies for the integration of front-end and back-end systems.
Description of the three-tier architecture: client tier, business tier, and data tier.
Access methods for front-end ICT systems through various stakeholders and devices.
Role of intranets and extranets in facilitating internal and external communication and coordination.
Technological advancements enabling dynamic updates of web pages from backend databases.
Closing remarks and transition to the next video lecture.
Transcripts
thank you for watching this video
lectures
in this lecture we will discuss ict
infrastructures
covering hardware softwares and
communication infrastructures
and information security noted
we will discuss information security in
a separate video lecture
after watching this video lecture you
should be able to describe
three layers of informatics
infrastructures
outline the functionality backend and
front and ict infrastructures
describe three tire client software
architecture
describe integration of database system
and web
argue the importance of data information
security in e-business
or e-commerce or learn some approach to
securing
information or data
there are three layers mutually
interdependent of
informatics infrastructures the first
one
information infrastructures consist of
definitions
of information need and activities
involved
the second one information system
infrastructures
consist of information system needed to
support organizational activity
and the third one ict infrastructures
consists of the hardware software data
and communication facilities
as well as ict knowledge and skills
available to the organizations
information system infrastructures is
considered
as high level map of an information
system
it is likely to be found in a typical
commercial organization it represents
a composite of the systems considered
the information system typically
emulates some standard human activity
systems
such as sales accounting stock control
and procurement that they support for
such an information system
it is possible to input some of the
information needs of typical
organization
for examples most organizations need to
store data about their employee
customer supplies stock and violence
this constitutes a typical information
infrastructure for a commercial
organizations
this is the ict infrastructure
corresponding to the
information system infrastructures in
the previous slide
note that the data stores of information
systems
infrastructures have been replaced by a
number of databases
in this figure hence the customer data
store
has been replaced by a customer database
also the infomercial systems in the
previous figure
has been replaced by a number of ict
systems
however not all the sct systems directly
correspond to the information system
more than one information system may be
supported by one
ict system and vice versa hence the
supply relationship and management
ict system combine the functions of
procurement
inbound logistics and purchase order
processing information
on the picker
the following are common critical
technology
for back-end ict infrastructures bond
in commercial organizations data
management technology this includes
database management systems
data warehouse or data marts document
management technologies
and enterprise resource planning systems
this is the primrose of data management
it has
all yes the data management layer
consists of
dbms and databases that it managed
transaction management layer
that handles transactions rule
management layer that endpost database
rules
and the top layer is the interface
management layer
that directly interact with user
under the database management approach
data records
are consolidated into databases that can
be accessed
by many different application programs
database management systems or dbms
is actually a set of computer programs
that control the creation
maintenance and the use of databases of
an organization
and its end users there are four major
dbms facilities
database development and dbms allow
control of development to be placed
with the service administrator the
administrator use
data definition language or ddl to
develop
and specify the data concepts
relationship and structures of each
database and to modify this
specification
when necessary database interrogation
at the bms allow end users without
programming skills
to ask for information from a database
using a query language
or report generator database maintenance
updating databases and other maintenance
are conducted by transaction processing
programs
application development ldbms make
application development much easier
and quicker than allowing developers to
include
data manipulation language statements in
their program that let dbms perform
necessary data handling activities
data warehouse and data mart
data warehouse is a large database that
stores data
that have been extracted from the
various operational
external and other databases open
organizations
data mart is a database that whole
subset of data from
a data warehouse that focus on specific
aspects
of a company such as a department or a
business process
data that are collected for a data
warehouse
comes from many sources such as from
various applications
erp inventory control logistics shipping
purchasing and crm a data mod is a
subset of data warehouse
for a specific purpose such as a data
marks for finance for marketing for
sales for accounting and
for management reporting document
management
the data held within databases and data
warehouses
are said to be structured data
by this we mean that it is organized in
terms of
data structures data elements and data
items
however much data collected disseminated
and used within organization
is unstructured or smith structured
typically such data comprises
data contained in physical documents of
various types
database systems are typically not been
good
at handling such unstructured data hence
a type of system known as a document
management system
is frequently used possible this papers
a document management system typically
comprises
an input device such as a scanner that
produces
a digital image of the document a
processing module that normally allows
the user to index the document
in various ways a storage model
consisting of some specialized hardware
and software for storing large amount of
images a retrieval module allowing the
user to retrieve a particular document
quickly surprise
resource planning an erp system
integrates a number of different
organizational functions
under the umbrella of one system an erp
system typically consists
of a series of packages software module
feeding of a central database of
organizational data many such packages
originally developed from manufacturing
resource planning systems
traditionally integration has been
achieved
by effective planning and management of
ict systems
built internally within organizations
more recently
many organizations have chosen to buy in
large
suites of ict systems with in-built
integration this is the enterprise
resource planning
package or mega package the strategy of
producing enterprise resource planning
systems
can be seen as an attempt to buy in a
complete
ict infrastructure
and ict systems are likely to work in
modern business using
internet and web technologies
hence the effective integration of
front office or front end and back open
system
is the key to organizational
effectiveness for instance
to enable fully transactional websites
the information presented needs to be
updated dynamically from
backend databases also the information
entered by customer needs
to update company information system
effectively
three entire architecture the typical
ict infrastructures of the modern
organizations
tends to be billed as the three tire
client server architectures client tire
business tyres and data tyre the client
tire
most contemporary front-end ict systems
within organization have been designed
to be accessed through various access
devices
running a web browser or smartphone apps
access channels maybe offer an intranet
or over the internet the business style
the front-end ict architectures of the
typical contemporary organization
is likely to consist of a series of web
servers such web servers are likely to
provide electronic services to the major
stakeholders
of negotiation customers suppliers
managers
and employees the data tires operational
data
in the backend ictc systems will be made
available in response to requests from
the business layer
data will typically be stored in large
corporate databases
internet and web technologies are being
used to produce standard interface to
prone
and ict system in organizations front
and ict systems
will vary with the type of stakeholders
customers
are likely to access the face through
some internet enabled devices
with browsers or smartphone apps
internal stakeholders such as employees
and managers are likely to access
front-end system through some form of
corporate intranet
run on the organization local area
network external stakeholders such as
suppliers
partners are likely to access front-end
ict systems through some form of
extra an intranet involves
using internet and web technologies
within the context of a single
organizations
at its most basics it involves setting
up
web service for internal communication
and coordination
and it most sophisticated it input using
web interface
or apps to co-cooperate or e-business
applications
such as website database system
and erp an intranet can be considered as
a special type of ict system
as such we can consider it
in terms of its horizontal components or
in term of its vertical components
horizontally
an intranet will be made up of hallway
this is clients and servers
communication line between
such machines software web browser
software
or apps will be required on client
machines
and web server software on server
machines
the role of web server software input
processing requests
from the client browsers or app software
and
returning documents to the clients an
intranet may also have
a domain server this system translates
between the numeric address assigned to
each machine
to the network under tcp ip and more
meaningful name
phosphors communications and internet
relies on
some form of communication
infrastructures this may be
a local area network wide array network
or a combination of port hardware and
software will be required to run the tcp
ip
communication protocols data data will
be held in the form of html documents
held
on the surface in the network ta may be
held in database system
accessible from the web pages
a typical web page on a company's
internet
internet or extranet will be a static
webpage
a starting webpage is one of that
consists of
html and associated graphics
the keys problem of constructing
websites
with static web pages is that whenever a
change needs to be made to the content
the page has to be manually amended and
republished to the websites
for large and complex websites such as
an amendment process can be time
consuming
and error prone for this reason core
technologies
have been developed which enable
application developer to create linkage
between the data held in the corporate
databases
and the information published on the
internet
internet or external webpages
this is the end of this video lecture
thank you for watching
see you in the next video
wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi
foreign
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