Are Men Beating Women At The Olympics? - The Truth (comprehensive dissection)
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the complexities of gender eligibility in sports, particularly focusing on the cases of Imane Khelif and Lin Yu Ting, who were disqualified from women's boxing for failing gender verification tests. It explores the nuances of biological sex, the role of androgens, and the debate surrounding fairness in competitive sports. The script also examines the history of sex verification in the Olympics and the varying rules across different sports, highlighting the need for clear and fair criteria to ensure equitable competition.
Takeaways
- 🥊 The script discusses the controversy surrounding Imane Khelif and Lin Yu Ting's gold medal wins in Olympic women's boxing due to concerns about potential performance-enhancing advantages from being biologically male.
- 🏅 Both athletes had previously been disqualified for failing a gender verification test, which indicated they might be biological men, but the criteria for eligibility in women's sports is complex and not uniformly applied across sports.
- 🧬 The International Boxing Association (IBA) confirmed that the athletes had 'male karyotype,' suggesting the presence of XY chromosomes typically found in males, which was a key factor in their disqualification.
- 🔬 The debate involves understanding the role of testosterone levels, the SRY gene, and other genetic factors that may contribute to physical attributes and athletic performance.
- 🏆 The IOC (International Olympic Committee) has different criteria for gender eligibility compared to the IBA, leading to a conflict in how to classify athletes like Khelif and Yu Ting.
- 💉 The use of testosterone level cut-offs as a criterion for eligibility in women's sports has been implemented in some sports, but not consistently across all Olympic events.
- 🤔 The script raises questions about fairness in women's sports, considering the potential for individuals with male biological traits to have an unfair advantage over those with typical female biology.
- 🏋️♀️ The discussion includes the impact of conditions like Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and 5 Alpha Reductase Deficiency on physical development and athletic performance.
- 🧐 The script emphasizes the need for clear and consistent criteria for gender eligibility in sports, as well as the importance of privacy and sensitivity in handling such cases.
- 📚 It also highlights the complexity of biological sex determination and the limitations of current testing methods in ensuring a level playing field in sports competitions.
Q & A
What is the controversy surrounding Imane Khelif and Lin Yuting's participation in women's boxing at the Olympics?
-The controversy revolves around the fact that both athletes were previously disqualified for failing a gender verification test, which suggested they might be biologically male. This has led to debates about potential performance-enhancing advantages and whether biological males should compete against women in sports.
What is a gender eligibility test, and why is it conducted?
-A gender eligibility test is a medical examination conducted to determine an athlete's eligibility to compete in a specific gender category, typically women's sports. It is conducted to ensure fair competition by verifying that athletes meet the necessary biological criteria to compete in their declared gender category.
What is the International Boxing Association's (IBA) stance on Imane Khelif and Lin Yuting's disqualification?
-The IBA disqualified both athletes based on the results of a gender eligibility test conducted during the 2023 World Championships, asserting that they did not meet the required criteria and had competitive advantages over other female competitors.
What does it mean to have an 'abnormal' chromosomal analysis in the context of gender eligibility testing?
-An 'abnormal' chromosomal analysis in gender eligibility testing means that the individual's complete set of chromosomes does not align with the typical pattern seen in males (XY) or females (XX). In the case of Imane Khelif and Lin Yuting, it was revealed they had a male karyotype, indicating a biological male status.
How does the IOC's stance on eligibility for women's sports differ from the IBA's in the context of the discussed athletes?
-The IOC insists that the fighters were born and raised as women, and therefore should be allowed to compete, despite the IBA's assertion that their test results suggest they are biologically male and ineligible for women's boxing.
What is the significance of the SRY gene in determining an individual's sex for sports eligibility?
-The SRY gene, found on the Y chromosome, acts as a signal for male development. Its presence typically indicates a male biological status. In the past, the IOC used the detection of the SRY gene as part of sex verification testing for female athletes, but this practice has since been discontinued.
What is the role of testosterone in determining athletic performance and its relevance to gender eligibility in sports?
-Testosterone is an androgen hormone that contributes to the development of male characteristics, including muscle mass and bone density, which can influence athletic performance. In some sports, testosterone levels are used as part of the criteria to assess eligibility for female categories, with certain levels requiring suppression for athletes to compete.
What is the history of sex verification in the Olympics, and how has it evolved over time?
-Sex verification in the Olympics began with chromosome testing and the detection of the SRY gene. However, due to ethical concerns and the complexity of biological sex determination, this practice was discontinued by the 2000 Summer Olympics. Instead, hormone level cutoffs and specific criteria for conditions like DSD have been implemented to assess eligibility.
What are the implications of the Caster Semenya case for the broader discussion on gender eligibility in sports?
-The Caster Semenya case highlights the complexities and controversies surrounding gender eligibility in sports. It brought attention to the need for a nuanced approach to determining eligibility, considering factors beyond the presence of the SRY gene and including hormone levels and their impact on performance.
What is the current guidance from the IOC on transgender athletes in women's sports, and how has it been received by various sports federations?
-The IOC's 2021 guidance placed the responsibility on individual federations to determine eligibility criteria for transgender athletes in their respective sports. This has led to different approaches across sports, with some banning trans women entirely, while others have implemented testosterone level requirements for eligibility.
How do differences in lung volume, heart size, and other physiological factors contribute to athletic performance and gender differences in sports?
-Physiological differences between males and females, such as lung volume, heart size, and blood volume, can impact athletic performance. Males typically have larger lung volumes and hearts, which can contribute to higher oxygen carrying capacity and cardiac output, providing a potential advantage in endurance and strength-based sports.
Outlines
🥊 Controversy in Women's Boxing: Eligibility and Advantage
The paragraph delves into the controversy surrounding Imane Khelif and Lin Yu Ting's gold medal wins in Olympic women's boxing. It discusses the speculation and public reactions to the possibility of biological men competing against women, potentially creating an unfair advantage. The script mentions that both athletes had previously failed a gender verification test, leading to their disqualification. The narrative also touches on the internet's reaction to an incident where an opponent quit mid-match due to the force of the hits, which she claimed was unprecedented. The paragraph concludes with a mention of the athletes' physical appearances, suggesting a more masculine look compared to the average female, and the complexity of the situation due to missing information.
🏅 Gender Verification Tests and the IOC's Stance
This paragraph focuses on the gender eligibility tests conducted by the International Boxing Association (IBA) and the resulting disqualification of the athletes in question. It discusses the criteria for these tests, the chromosomal analysis that revealed a male karyotype, and the subsequent interpretation that led to the athletes being deemed ineligible. The IBA's official statement is highlighted, asserting that the athletes did not meet the necessary criteria and had a competitive advantage. The paragraph also touches on the IOC's position, which differs from the IBA's, and the evolving rules regarding transgender athletes and those with differences in sex development (DSD). The IOC's guidance from 2021 is summarized, emphasizing the responsibility placed on individual federations to determine eligibility criteria and the varying approaches across different sports.
🌐 The Complexity of Eligibility Criteria and Testing
The paragraph discusses the technical differences in competition rules between the IBA and the IOC, the lack of chromosomal analysis and testosterone tests in the Olympics, and the IOC's insistence that fighters are born and raised as women. It also covers the IOC's position on the eligibility of transgender athletes and those with DSD, referencing high-profile cases such as Laurel Hubbard and Caster Semenya. The paragraph explains the new rules from World Athletics that require certain athletes to suppress their testosterone levels to compete in specific women's events, and the controversy surrounding these regulations.
🧬 History of Sex Verification in Sports
This paragraph explores the history of sex verification in the Olympics, starting with the implementation of the SRY gene test in 1992 by the IOC. It explains how athletes with this gene were initially barred from competing as females but were later allowed to compete after further investigation. The paragraph also discusses the shift from genetic testing to hormone level cutoffs and the eventual discontinuation of sex verification by the 2000 Summer Olympics. It highlights the complexity of sex determination, the role of the SRY gene, and the ethical and practical challenges of implementing sex verification in sports.
💪 The Impact of Androgen Levels on Athletic Performance
The paragraph examines the role of androgens in athletic performance, focusing on the case of Caster Semenya and the controversy surrounding her participation in women's sports. It delves into the biological aspects of androgens, their impact on muscle growth, and the debate over the fairness of including athletes with higher androgen levels in women's categories. The discussion includes the effects of 5-alpha reductase deficiency and how it can lead to individuals with male levels of testosterone who may not fully masculinize but still retain athletic advantages.
🤺 The Challenge of Defining Fairness in Sports
This paragraph discusses the challenges of defining fairness in sports, especially when it comes to athletes with unique genetic predispositions or conditions like 5-alpha reductase deficiency. It explores the spectrum of androgen sensitivity and how it can affect an athlete's physical development and performance capabilities. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of understanding the nuances of these conditions and their potential impact on competitive fairness, suggesting that a one-size-fits-all approach to eligibility may not be appropriate.
🧬 Androgen Receptor Insensitivity and Its Athletic Implications
The paragraph delves into the complexities of androgen receptor insensitivity, explaining how it can manifest in various degrees, from mild to complete, and its implications for athletic performance. It discusses the potential advantages or disadvantages that individuals with androgen insensitivity syndromes might have in sports, highlighting the importance of considering both hormone levels and their functional impact on the body when assessing eligibility for competition.
🏃♂️ The Spectrum of Androgen Sensitivity and Athletic Advantage
This paragraph explores the spectrum of androgen sensitivity and its potential impact on athletic performance. It discusses the anatomical and physiological differences between individuals with varying levels of androgen sensitivity, including bone density, muscle mass, lung capacity, and heart size. The paragraph also touches on the non-genomic effects of androgens, which can influence performance independently of the androgen receptor.
🤝 The Future of Gender Segregation in Sports
The final paragraph contemplates the future of gender segregation in sports, given the complexities of biological sex and the potential for unique genetic predispositions to influence performance. It questions the validity of maintaining separate categories for male and female athletes when factors such as internal testes and male-level testosterone production can provide significant advantages. The paragraph suggests that the conversation around fairness in sports must consider not only physical attributes but also the broader implications of including individuals with male-typical development in women's categories.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Gender Verification Test
💡Performance-Enhancing Advantage
💡Biological Male
💡Chromosomal Analysis
💡Testosterone
💡Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)
💡5 Alpha Reductase Deficiency
💡IOC (International Olympic Committee)
💡Caster Semenya
💡Sex Development Disorders (DSDs)
💡Non-Genomic Androgen Signaling
Highlights
Discussion on Imane Khelif and Lin Yu Ting's gold medal wins in Olympic women's boxing and the controversy surrounding potential performance-enhancing advantages due to biological male traits.
Both athletes were disqualified previously for failing a gender verification test, indicating they might be biological males.
An opponent of Imane Khelif quit mid-match, claiming she had never been hit that hard, raising questions about the impact of biological traits on performance.
The International Boxing Association (IBA) disqualified the athletes based on gender eligibility tests, asserting they had competitive advantages.
The IBA confirmed the presence of male karyotype in the athletes, which is typically associated with a male biological makeup.
The IOC and IBA have differing stances on the eligibility of these athletes, with the IOC insisting they were born and raised as women.
IOC's 2021 guidelines place responsibility on individual federations to determine eligibility criteria for transgender athletes.
Many sports have banned trans women from participating in women's categories entirely due to eligibility criteria.
The case of Caster Semenya, a middle-distance runner, is highlighted as a relevant precedent for discussions on fairness in sports.
Semenya has an intersex condition that results in male-level testosterone without full androgen receptor sensitivity.
The history of sex verification in the Olympics and the shift from genetic testing to hormone level cutoffs is discussed.
Different disorders of sex development (DSDs) and their impact on an athlete's performance are examined for their complexity.
The role of androgen receptors and sensitivity in determining muscle growth and athletic performance is explained.
Non-genomic effects of androgens, which can impact performance independently of the androgen receptor, are highlighted.
The debate over the fairness of allowing athletes with certain DSDs to compete in women's categories without strict criteria is critiqued.
The need for clear and fair eligibility criteria in women's sports, especially given the potential for significant biological advantages, is emphasized.
The controversy is framed as an issue of privacy and fairness, where the lack of transparency in testing and criteria can lead to uncertainty.
Transcripts
sup guys Derek more plates.com today we
are touching on imane khif and Lin
yuting and their gold medal wins in
Olympic women's boxing and my analysis
of the current situation is there a
performance-enhancing Advantage is it
literally what people are speculating it
to be where there are biologic men
making it into the Olympics competing
against women and fighting them and
punching them in the head like that is
what a lot of the internet has run with
and and I feel like there's a lot of
missing information though which I hope
to at least elucidate to give more uh
takeaways that could be informative for
the situation and kind of give my stance
on it so basically these two individuals
have uh been disqualified previously
last year for failing a gender
verification test where purportedly they
were verified to be bogic men it seems
like the immane situation has gotten a
lot bigger though in that despite the
fact that they have a pretty similar
situation they both were disqualified
for the same thing imman had one of I
forget which round it was but one of one
of the opponents basically quit
mid-match because she claimed she has
never been hit that hard in her life so
in the middle of the Olympics literally
just throwing in the towel midf fight
cuz you've never been hit that hard and
then this individual comes out shortly
after that they failed a gender
verification test and they've been
disqualified Within you know the last
year from competing the internet went
absolutely haywire and objectively both
of these individuals Lynn and immane
look more masculine than most females
like we can say with relative certainty
that most people would agree that they
look a little bit more masculine than
the average female so all of these
factors together you know it's a [ __ ]
storm so immane and Lynn as far as I
know have never identified as
transgender or intersex but they failed
a gender eligibility test at the 202
three World Championships according to
the international boxing Association IBA
leading to disqualification and another
test was conducted by the IBA to
reconfirm the findings of the first test
which it did according to the June 2023
letter the IBA sent to the ioc which is
the Olympic Committee so the IBA issued
an official statement asserting that the
women did not meet the required
necessary eligibility criteria that were
found to have competitive advantages
over other female competitors however
the IBA which organized the World
Championships but is no longer
Associated and involved with the
Olympics would not initially reveal why
they failed their test what was the
criteria they did not meet at a press
conference literally within the last
week on August 5th the IBA which no
longer oversees Olympic boxing
apparently for concerns about its
integrity and links to Russia and some
other stuff take from that what you will
finally clarified that khif and Lyn's
test results revealed chromosomes that
made them ineligible to compete in the
women's category so the results summary
were abnormal and the interpretation was
chromosomal analysis reveals male karot
type and they both had the same results
a male kot type means the general
appearance of an individual's complete
set of chromosomes is that of a male and
this can be assessed photographically
you can see a depiction of the XY
chromosomes through lab test results and
this is supposedly what happened so this
is a quote the problem was not with the
level of khalif's testosterone because
that can be adjusted nowadays but with
the result of the gender test which
clearly revealed that the Algerian boxer
is biologically male this is apparently
a total of five boxers had been examined
including khif by the IBA and all of
them were indeed men so Umar kremlev the
ib's president then claimed that khif
and Lyn's test results showed very high
levels of testosterone now it's been
unclear if blood test was actually
conducted assessing testosterone levels
for the purposes of assessing gender
classification but even if it wasn't
because there's a lot of stuff being
thrown out right now as to you know did
this stuff actually happen testosterone
levels should be analyzed regardless um
this isn't like for gender verification
purposes necessarily but just straight
up any governing body should know if an
athlete's testosterone levels look male
or not via the biological passport data
that they should otherwise be collecting
via their water accredited steroidal
module so everybody in highle sport
basically any athlete that is subject to
drug testing would under you know water
guidelines would have a water accredited
biological passport that shows
longitudinal data assessing their
Androgen levels and metabolites and the
ratios of them and absolute values for
uh excretion patterns and whatnot so
everyone Hazard testostrone tested via
the steroidal module of the biological
passport this is like the most basic of
testing that should be collected among
all athletes so they should already have
the answer as to if these individuals
have male looking testosterone levels or
not as should the the Olympics you know
the governing body should know this
already they just may not otherwise want
to disclose as far as exclusionary
criteria that the technical and
competition rules that apply to the IBA
are obviously quite different than that
of the ioc you know last year these
individuals couldn't compete at the
World Championships because of these
verific tests via chromosomal analysis
whereas in the Olympics that is not
happening nor are they taking those
tests into consideration whatsoever and
apparently neither are testosterone
tests being done or to the extent that
they're not being considered for
exclusionary criteria so the ioc has
insisted the fighters were born and
raised women but the IBA has continued
to insist its test suggest their
eligibility for women's boxing Ians in
question so IBA doesn't think they
should compete ioc thinks they should
and people should leave them alone kind
of a debacle so what is the ioc's
position on eligibility for women's
sports so this is you know I got
interested because I've seen over the
years the goal post being moved in
multiple different sports and
disciplines depending on how much
scrutiny is happening transgender
athletes that have basically worked
their way into certain Sports and again
by the way to clarify this is not a
transgender situation this is different
but but notably a lot of these rule
changes have kind of happened in light
of some of those like big time
situations that you're probably really
familiar with if this kind of content
interests you at all you know like the
Laurel hubard situation the cyclist the
rugby players like there's a lot of
stuff we've covered on this channel um
and also the Caster smania situation
which we'll get into shortly as well
because it's highly relevant here so in
late 2021 the ioc issued new guidance on
transgender athletes in women's sport
this placed the responsibility on
individual federations to determine
eligibility criteria in their Sport and
since then many sports have banned trans
women from taking part in women's sport
entirely such as Athletics Aquatics and
rugby codes as well tracks World
Athletics tighten the eligibility rules
for female athletes with DSD conditions
so testosterone levels now being used to
assess eligibility not XY chromosomes
which is the pattern typically seen in
men are the key Criterion of of
eligibility in Olympic events where the
sports governing body has framed and
approved rules and starting in March of
2023 it required them to suppress their
testosterone levels to 72 nanograms per
deciliter for 6 months typically through
hormone suppressing treatment
anti-androgens to be eligible to compete
so for contacts the average woman will
typically have a total testosterone
level between 13 and 71 n per deciliter
so 72 it's not like you're at the bottom
of the Barrel in production and you are
literally on the threshold of arguably
too high as is it's a generous I would
say cut off depending on your response
to those hormones which is where we get
into some of these very unique medical
conditions so anyways 72 NS per
desolator remember that it's the top of
the female range that is the cut off
that they have and you can understand
how they ared there at least you know if
they have to come up with something it
kind of makes sense how they arve there
it used to be 10 animals per liter which
is like I think 288 nanograms per deer
and then it was dropped to five nimals
and then now it's 2.5 in a lot of these
Sports World Aquatics prohibited trans
women from competing in women's races if
they had undergone male puberty that was
their you know Line in the Sand
International cycling Union also took
this step last year the swim B's World
leading rules additionally required
transgender women athletes who did not
undergo male puberty to maintain
testosterone levels below the 72
nanogram per destillat cut off however
this where things get complicated the
rules have been applied differently so
there are Sports in which trans women or
athletes with differences of sex
development DSD I probably should have
mentioned what DSD was earlier can
compete boxing is one of those as the
ioc which has been overseeing Olympic
boxing hasn't updated their eligibility
criteria rules and literally the
criteria of Eligibility this year was
based on their passport saying they're
female apparently so the ioc said it
supports the participation of any
athlete who has qualified and met the
eligibility criteria to compete in the
Olympic Games as established by their
International Federation the ioc will
not discriminate against an athlete who
is qualified through their International
Federation on the basis of their gender
identity and or sex characteristics so
you know Troublesome as you can imagine
let's talk about Caster smania I think
that is probably the most prime example
of a gold medal caliber athlete who
underwent similar levels of scrutiny all
but in a different event but in a in a
much less private way but I think it
gave a lot of insight into how these
situations are handled is there a
performance enhancing advantage or not
like outside of the whole ethics
discussions like all this stuff like at
the end of the day we do ultimately want
to know are individuals with these
unique predispositions in a uniquely
advantaged position competing against
women the Castor Sania situation I think
is most relevant to discuss in that uh
pter basically learned of uh how her
Anatomy differs from the typical woman
she is competing against and what
implications that has for performance as
did the public which was unfortunate for
her that it was such a public you know
display of what's going on with her body
it's like very embarrassing I can just
imagine the stress especially when
you're born a certain way certain way
you have no say in it you would just you
know you could be living your entire
life thinking you are just a normal
healthy functioning very very muscular
women and in reality you have like a
unique situation that is not really in
parody and fairness to your you know
female competitors so let's get into it
so basically prime example she you know
gold medal athlete a lot of scrutiny
very public situation messy situation
she is a South African middle distance
Runner and winner of two Olympic gold
medals and three World Championships in
the women's 800 meter following sania's
victory at the 2009 World Champion ship
she was made to undergo sex testing and
cleared to return to competition the
following year the decision to perform
this testing was pretty controversial
you know as far as I know they weren't
really doing this like in the 90s they
basically stopped testing with uh for
gender which we'll get into shortly but
basically sparked a lot of controversy
and later reports disclose that Sania
has the interex condition 5 Alpha
reductase to deficiency and male level
natural testosterone levels you know
pretty a startling discovery
especially if you had no idea going your
whole life thinking that you know you're
just uh uniquely advantaged but you
don't realize you have what we're going
to get into shortly is uh internal
testes so in 2019 new
I World Athletics rules came into Force
for athletes like Sania with certain
disorders of sex development DSD is
requiring medications to suppress
testosterone levels in order to
participate in the 400 meter 800 meter
and 1500 meter women's events Sania
refused to undergo the treatment which
is now mandatory and has filed a series
of legal cases to restore her ability to
compete without testosterone suppression
arguing that the rules are
discriminatory in March 2023 World
Athletics made its rules for sanan and
other DSD athletes even more restrictive
requiring them to lower their test
levels below a threshold of 72 nags per
Deiter for 2 years before competing so
it's getting more and more strict
depending on the event as we'll see
although Sania was assigned female at
Birth she has the intersec condition I
mentioned 5alpha reductase 2 deficiency
and this condition only affects genetic
males with XY chromosomes individuals
with this deficiency have normal male
internal structures that are not fully
masculinized during the development of
the reproductive system in Udo due to
the low levels of DHT that would
otherwise be produced via this enzyme
that is absent in activity essentially
and as a result the external genitalia
may appear ambiguous or female at Birth
Caster Sania has said that she was born
with a vagina and internal undescended
testes but she has no uterus oral opian
tubes and does not menstruate being born
you know without utrus you know being
born with internal testicles those don't
make me less a woman her internal teses
produce natural testosterone levels in
the typical male range so obviously a
problem there for fairness at least you
know a pretty uh highly debated
situation and nowadays highly relevant
given the current situation so now
moving on to history of sex verification
in the Olympics how do they actually
screen for the stuff back in the day and
how do they do it now or do they so the
sex of an individual is usually
determined by a pair of sex chromosomes
typically females have two of the same
XX sex chromosomes males have two
different kinds of sex chromosomes XY Y
chromosome is responsible for triggering
male development and the absence of the
Y chromosome the fetus will undergo
female development you probably heard
that we all start as females like this
is kind of what they're referring to
there are various rare exceptions though
which is what makes this really really
complicated so a single sex determining
region y protein called Sr y you might
have heard of this if you've been
following the situation this sry y Gene
being present on the Y chromosome acts
as a signal to set the developmental
pathway towards masculinization and
mutations in this Gene lead to a range
of disorders of sex development with
varying effects on an individual's
phenotype and genotype and one of the
most controversial uses of this Gene was
as a means of sex verification in the
Olympics under a system implemented by
the ioc in 1992 so athletes with an Sr y
Gene were not permitted to compete as
females although you know many of them
might be assigned female at Birth if
they had this gene they were essentially
told you know you're a man and you can't
compete now at the 96 Summer Olympics
apparently all the athletes in which
this was detected were ruled false
positives and were not disqualified
specifically eight female participants
out of a total of
3,387 at these games were found to have
this Gene however even though they have
this Gene after further investigation of
their genetic conditions all these
athletes were verified as female and
allowed to compete so these athletes
were found to have either partial or
full Androgen and sensitivity despite
having an Sr y Gene making them
externally phenotypically female and in
the late '90s a number of relevant uh
professional Societies in the US called
to eliminate this gender verification
thought it was ineffective and um
seemingly unethical and basically it was
eliminated by the 2000 Summer Olympics
and this was followed with the new
implementation of hormone level cut offs
as a means of assessing you know are
You2 male essentially now you're going
to you can just imagine how this gets
really complicated because if you were
somebody who like by via an analysis
have been determined that you were meant
to go down a developmental pathway that
is biologically male but you otherwise
have a mutation in the gene that encodes
for you know five Alpha reductase or you
have Androgen receptor and sensitivity
so you don't actually respond to the
androgens to actually masculinize to
whatever severity the Androgen receptors
are actually functional or dysfunctional
you have a spectrum of sexuality
essentially whereby individuals may have
partial viralization complete lack of
viralization or otherwise like totally
female essentially with exception of
their like genetic makeup it all is a
spectrum and that's what we're going to
get into now is the actual performance
enhancing Advantage is there one so for
Iman khif and Lynn you know the
situation seems cut and dry if you have
XY chromosomes and a functional Sr y
Gene which is what we can discern from
the test of you know the IBA a lot of
people are saying you shouldn't compete
against swim in full stop that's what a
lot of people will say and I totally
understand why they would conclude that
however what muddies the waters on this
is the huge difference in how different
categories of dsds and conditions can
impact not just your synthesis capacity
of androgens like how much you can
actually make are your testes actually
functional do you actually have them
still because a lot some of these
individuals end up getting gonadectomies
like we're going to get into it all but
in addition like Baseline it's
anatomical infrastructure and the
spectrum of how you respond to those
hormones so in the case of Castro Mania
we know the condition in question was
the specifically five Alpha reductase
deficiency so let's get into that first
because I think this is the most ideal
example of a situation in which an
individual who otherwise is genetically
on the path to becoming a man deviates
from a deficiency in well a mutation in
the gene that encodes for an enzyme that
is responsible for the production of the
male main androgenic hor hormone that
dictates male sexual differentiation and
maturation in adolescence but retains
male advantages via their inherent
testosterone so this is like on one side
of the spectrum a condition in which
this individual probably at least in my
opinion has a significant Advantage
pending their testes are
infrastructurally sound enough to
produce male amount of hormones and this
is where again the imperfect
testosterone test is absolutely not an
ideal way to go about having
exclusionary criteria or whatever when
some of these individuals actually have
complete absence of response at the
Androgen receptor which we'll get into
too but first let's get into this
example because I think it's the most
relevant to kind of set the stage here
so Caster who asserts you know it
doesn't matter what I have my uh what
I'm born with I'm a female you know it's
fine let me compete so basically Caster
situation is a deficiency in this five
Alpha reductase enzyme activity where
and this is literature back you can you
know double check what I'm saying
basically genetic males with male gonads
do not produce enough DHT because they
have a mutation in the SRD 582 Gene so
this mutation prevents five Alpha
reductase from converting testosterone
into DHT adequately
dihydrotestosterone the most androgenic
hormone in the body responsible for an
array of things but the most notable
being sexual differentiation and
maturation
masculinization so depending on the
severity of their deficiency which
notably is a spectrum because again this
mutation in the gene it's not just like
you completely lack the capacity to make
DHT some individuals they need to be
diagnosed via a threshold ratio of
testosterone to DHT or literal analysis
of their genitalia so males with five
Alpha reductase deficiency can be born
with genitalia that is not obviously
male or female it's ambiguous in some
cases their gen Alia appears female or
in other cases they definitively have
male genitalia but it is unusually small
so micropenis with the urethra opening
on the underside of the penis and during
puberty testosterone and DHT Spike
significantly now in general this would
be when individuals undergo full-blown
puberty and totally mature into adult
men so circulating levels of total DHT
or about 1/10th the concentration that
of total testosterone but local
concentrations of DHT can be up to 10
times higher than testosterone in
specific areas of the body to facilitate
full maturation we can get into you know
the chemistry on that and some of the uh
interesting tidbits and I'm highly
tempted to do so but I feel like I'm
going to derail the entire video but
basically what you need to know is DHT
is in bioassays equivalent to 2.5 to 10
fold more potent than testosterone at
the Androgen receptor it's so androgenic
that even though it is you know present
at least systemic obviously tissue
specific is different like overall
concentrations of it in the body are a
fraction of that of testosterone is
still the primary hormone responsible
for the development of secondary sex
characteristics like deepening of the
voice development of facial hair body
hair growth of the penis and scrotum or
it's at least
significantly implicated in reaching
full maturity perhaps is a more accurate
statement so during puberty men with
deficiency in this enzyme do not develop
much facial hair body hair notably no
androgenic alopecia and this is kind of
the Inception of some of these uh hair
loss prevention drugs which operate via
the senz pathway but anyways and they
also have a small prostate many males
with 5 AR deficiency are actually raised
as female until they hit puberty because
they didn't have enough DHT to markedly
differentiate themselves as males pre
puberty so they were born appear to be
female and then you know when they hit
puberty all of a sudden the spike in
testosterone makes it a bit more obvious
that things are not like classically
female once they hit puberty and test
level Spike the penis and other Androgen
supported structur start to enlarge and
but still without the DHT you don't end
up having full maturation penis doesn't
grow to full size like it would um
facial hair doesn't develop prostate
growth doesn't happen as much Etc so
most notable though about this is the
fact that with DHT deficiency with
intact testes and male testosterone
levels you will still have male levels
of performance undoubtedly so with this
condition the gonads can still function
and produce male levels of testosterone
and androgen receptors are fully
functional meaning you get male levels
of bone mass muscle mass General
anabolic activity arthr poesis you know
it's not the arthop pois is still going
to be driven through DHT too but like if
you have male level testosterone you
were getting all of the anabolic
activity that a male would have with
those levels so despite being a more
potent Androgen unlike testosterone DHT
is inactivated by the enzyme three Alpha
hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 Alpha hsd
in muscle via its conversion into a very
weak Androgen known as three Alpha
andran dial so basically DHT is present
in specific tissues to drive sexual
differentiation and maturation but does
almost nothing for muscle growth and
this is very apparent in male
pseudohermaphrodites who are inherently
five Alpha reductase deficient due to
genetic mutations so here's an example
one one study involving Brothers with
different DHT levels the male with
partial this is partial by the way five
Alpha reductase deficiency experienced
reduced sexual development throughout
puberty but actually gained more muscle
mass than his brother this is a picture
of them together the man on the left has
a five Alpha reductase deficiency and
his brother on the right doesn't have a
deficiency the man on the left has a
higher testosterone level so you heard
correct higher and is more muscular and
has less androgenic alpia than his
brother on the right who has normal DHT
level so like you know they look both
like males and one has some of the you
know Hallmarks of natural male
development whereby they sort have
temporal recession Etc but the male with
higher test levels and 5 AR deficiency
still has you know development as a male
just not to this degree that they would
have otherwise with adequate DHT but
notably the biggest takeaway in my
opinion on that is normal muscle so male
level muscle tissue in response to the
male Androgen testosterone that you were
producing so even in studies when this
is you know fully wiped out like almost
essentially manually replicating what is
you know the Castro Mania situation more
or less depending on the actual
structural Integrity of what her uh
goads were capable of producing
testosterone wise which sounds like you
know it was male territory level still
ultimately in studies where adults have
their DHT levels completely wiped out
with a nuclear level 5 Alpha reductase
inhibiting drug called dutasteride at
2.5 milligrams a day which can wipe out
upwards of 98% of systemic DHD if I
recall correctly these participants did
not experience hindered muscle growth at
all and personally I've actually been on
dutasteride myself for hair loss
prevention and despite having lower test
or lower DHT levels than a girl it has
absolutely zero impact on anything
perceivable that I've noticed except for
a bit less back hair now and I don't
lose my scalp hair as fast now so
testosterone pulls the weight from an
anabolic standpoint uh just fine so for
someone to have a 5 AR deficiency as
they grow up it will prevent them from
going through puberty and fully
masculinizing but they still have fully
functioning Androgen receptors and their
body will still masculinize to the
capacity that their natural male level
testosterone levels will allow which is
contingent on the functional capacity of
their testes which will vary but you
know ultimately individuals regardless
if they have full 5 AR deficiency or
partial and again like cter I believe it
was just only deficiency in the type 2
isozyme if I recall correctly you know
the dutasteride example I gave inhibits
all three isozymes which is basically
every type of enzyme that 5 Alpha
reduces testosterone to DHT is
completely nuked into nothingness
through irreversible inhibition at a Max
dose you have probably this same or
lower DHD levels in Castro Mania you
have no inhibited muscle like these
individuals in these studies it's a
highly replicated and repeatable and
predictable finding that DHD inhibition
does not really impact muscle growth
capacity at all so we don't have enough
information though to say this is what
Iman khif and linu have so like with
Caster it was literally analyzed
identified and specified to a degree
that you knew exactly what was going on
you saw the functional capacity of
Caster's testes male level testosterone
levels there was no andro receptor and
sensitivity the only thing that was
going on was there was a lack of DHT
that basically resulted in a growing up
appearing to be female and then not
having full sexual differentiation and
maturation that somebody with adequate
DHT production would otherwise have but
still getting the benefits of a male
from a testosterone and androgen
receptor standpoint so what's going on
with Iman a however you pronounce that
imane and Lynn we don't have enough
information to say and it sounds like
they might not either but again this
this is why I wanted to elucidate the
five Alpha reductase deficiency
specifically because this is one of
these conditions that could result in
somebody who is growing up with what is
essentially female seemingly Anatomy but
has the performance-enhancing advantage
of being a man that is one extreme
example now here are some other ones
which get a bit more complicated so
there are other categories of dsds and
conditions arising from different gen
mutations enzyme deficiencies or an
array of different things that could
appear on paper to be just as unfair you
know your XY you've had this uh the SR y
Gene Etc you know you could fail a sex
verification test but in the same manner
but not actually get a Advantage even
comparable to castania so for example
this is documented in literature five
Alpha reductase type two isozyme
deficiency can be difficult to
distinguish and the the reason I
specified type two is because this is
the one that can actually lead to a
situation in which somebody has
deficiency and DHD significant enough to
create a um like ambiguous gender upon
pre-adolescence so the other isozymes
are not as impactful on sexual
differentiation maturation because 5 AR
type two basically pulls the line share
when it comes to tissue conversion of
DHT to drive masculinization so anyway
just a side note it is the type 2
deficiency in particular that actually
leads to a 46xy DSD looking situation so
5 AR type 2 deficiency can be difficult
to distinguish though from other causes
of 46xy DSD like partial Androgen and
Sensitivity Syndrome for example 17 beta
hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type 3
enzyme deficiencies among other things
so if you didn't use blood work to
analyze testosterone to DHT ratios and
use precise anatomical Imaging you would
actually find that and by the way also
bone density muscle mass is always going
to be greater in individuals with the 5
AR type D deficiency in contrast to 46
XY DSD from other causes like partial
Androgen and sensitivity and the enzyme
deficiency I just mentioned because the
different net impact on Androgen
mediated transcriptional activity of the
receptor at the receptor itself is is
just not the same so the net outcome
despite having you know XY chromosomes
also high levels of testosterone a
function sry Gene even if you are
externally phenotypically female it's
entirely possible that an individual
could have partial or complete Androgen
and sensitivity so the reason I kind of
brought up this comparison to begin with
is as I mentioned the 5 AR type 2
deficiency can be difficult to
distinguish from other causes when you
just look at an individual they could
undergo the same degree of
masculinization but it's their lack of
DHT and amount of testosterone that is
push them to the point they're at of
whatever spectrum of masculinization
they're at whereas these other
conditions they might have full capacity
to produce DHT they might actually have
high testosterone and DHT but the way
they actually respond to those hormones
puts them at a level that appears to be
similarly masculinized to the 5 AR
deficiency individual but this
individual has the performance advantage
of testosterone and no DHD or almost
none so they basically are
undervirilization
anabolic capacity whereas this
individual does not even have comparable
anabolic like activity whatsoever to
this individual but because of the DHT
production whatever spectrum of Androgen
sensitivity or other condition they have
may put them at the same level as this
like objectively from like a how far on
the spectrum of masculine masculine are
you the equated outcome on performance
is just not the same so anyways
hopefully I I'll get into more detail
that hopefully helps uh make this a bit
more I don't know it brings it home in
some capacity so now let's talk about
Androgen receptors and sensitivity an
individual with this functional Androgen
receptors May respond just enough to the
amount of DHT present to partially
masculinize as DHT is such a potent
Androgen for driving masculinization and
maturation but they may not be
responsive enough to androgens as a
whole to get any actual performance
advantage over women but you know it's a
spectrum some individuals with complete
Androgen and sensitivity may be much
worse off than somebody who has partial
insensitivity likely will be and the
person with complete insensitivity may
be you know equivalent to the lack of
advantages that women have relative to
biologic men or maybe even worse off
like you know I don't know it depends on
the level the severity of which an
individual has in insensitivity and the
functional capacity of their testes to
even make hormones you could have an
individual with complete insensitivity
that has poor testosterone production
and is worse off than a natural totally
healthy verile woman who has no
inhibition to Androgen receptor activity
or their natural testosterone production
you know it would be like the equivalent
to being on a nuclear level castration
drug your entire life essentially if you
were in that situation here's an example
so this is something that can hopefully
illustrate how convoluted this gets so
bicalutamide probably means nothing to
you but it is it is a non-steroidal
antiandrogen so a lot of people have
been talking about puberty blockers
nowadays it's a big Topic in media and a
understandably controversial one because
individuals are getting it's a whole
another video but anyways basically
bicalutamide is a drug that can act as a
puberty Blocker in transgender girls and
it works quite well so hypothetically if
a pre-adolescent male took a mega dose
of bicalutamide to prevent
masculinization that would occur via
androgens interacting with the Androgen
receptor basically this drug act as a
non-steroidal um silent antagonist
meaning it will occupy Androgen
receptors and prevent DHD and
testosterone from binding to it and
doing what it does and you know it does
this fairly well depending on the dose
of bicalutamide let's say somebody's on
a nuclear level dose in pre-adolescence
they will actually have a higher
testosterone level on paper than a male
who is non-medicated but they won't
actually get the effects of that
testosterone and DHD the direct genomic
effects of that Androgen in skeletal
muscle bone and the Brain Etc they won't
have that some individuals actually have
higher testosterone levels as a
compensatory mechanism because their
body has suboptimal response at the
Androgen receptor and needs more
testosterone and DHT than another guy to
achieve the same development or
functionality as someone who could have
you know half the testosterone levels
this is why you know you'll often see
individuals that are twice as jacked as
somebody else but their levels on paper
it doesn't mean that every person that
has more muscle has more testosterone
than the next guy like I know some of
the most Jack guys I know have 500 to
600 total T's whereas I know guys who
have 900 plus naturally who are smaller
you know sometimes it is a reflection of
your body actually needs to produce more
to get the same effect that somebody who
is more sensitive to androgens could get
at a lesser concentration so when
individuals are inhibiting action at the
receptor but have otherwise functioning
testes they end up with higher
testosterone levels on paper so an
individual with in sensitivity to
androgens May otherwise have higher
hormone levels on paper but respond
horribly to those hormones and not
actually get the advantages that they
would impart so you can see how this
gets super complicated now so the lack
of negative feedback in the brain
results in in overcompensation stimulate
as much as this is by camide research 2x
the testosterone levels in the testes as
a normal non-medicated male but the male
on bicalutamide with double the test
levels will not develop like the male
with half the test levels with
uninhibited Androgen receptors so you
could like block puberty with this drug
and have higher testosterone and DHT
levels on paper despite the fact that
you're actually blocking puberty and the
effects of these hormones versus another
guy who has less than half the Androgen
levels go through puberty just fine
because they're not competing at the
receptor with this drug so individuals
with a mutation in the gene that encodes
for filling the blank and causes a
defect in I don't know like Androgen
receptors that are dysfunctional and are
not functioning correctly to impart
transcriptional activity this is a
spectrum by which somebody would
otherwise be able to potentially have
higher hormone levels on paper but
respond so horribly that they actually
have a lesser Advantage than anybody
else essentially who has you know has
fractions of the hormones but proper
response but it's a spectrum so let's
get into that so the subcategories of
Androgen receptor insensitivity these
are critical in my opinion for the
Nuance of this conversation when it
comes to who should be allowed to
compete ver not or just what male level
Advantage Advantage does somebody
potentially have so mild Androgen and
Sensitivity Syndrome is indicated when
the external genitalia are those of a
typical male so a penis and a scrotum
partial Androgen insensitivity syndrome
this is as the name implies partial
insensitivity to androgens at the
receptor and this is the first category
in which an individual is not obviously
male this partial
insensitivity is at a hindered athletic
capacity in contrast to a 5 Alpha
reductase deficiency individual like
castania but they may have similar
levels of masculinization so when the
external genitalia is partially but not
fully masculinized or is ambiguous
entirely these individuals could
otherwise depending on how responsive
they are in actual production of
hormones could be just as masculinized
or lack thereof as somebody with a 5
Alpha reductase deficiency but because
of their insensitivity at the receptor
their testosterone levels do not impart
the same advantages that somebody with a
5 AR deficiency does who has normal
testosterone levels and full capacity to
impart transcriptional activity via the
testosterone at the receptor level now
the next most extreme version of
insensitivity is complete Androgen
insensitivity syndrome this is indicated
when the external genitalia are those of
a typical female vulva now obviously
these are three categories and as you
can imagine there's a spectrum within
these three categories by which things
get as if it wasn't complicated enough
even more complicated because it's like
the identifi identification of this can
be like highly scrutinized as to how
which of these you you fall into as an
individual so hormone levels have been
reported in Gat intact individuals with
complete and Androgen and Sensitivity
Syndrome in a number of studies which is
notable because it really calls into
question the Credence of these
testosterone threshold values to begin
with in Olympic testing and these
individuals hormone levels are similar
to those of males High test levels
relatively low estradi levels but
expectedly even with those high
testosterone levels complete Androgen
and sensitivity syndrome is associated
with decreased bone mineral density and
muscle mass in contrast to healthy
unaffected biological males and bone and
muscle Mass expectedly you know these
categories the higher up on the uh
categorical classification you are from
complete to partial to mild the more
mild it is the closer your bone and
muscle mass will be reflective of that
of a normal biologic male with no issues
at the receptor that is probably logical
most people would assume that to be
logical but it's worth noting Ness now
some of the anatomical differences
between genders I think most are
probably familiar with the fact that
there's obvious differences here and as
you would expect on the spectrum of
masculinization vers maintaining full
femininity you will have differences in
how somebody develops in terms of
anatomical advantages so individuals
with Androgen and sensitivity are
typically going to be taller slightly
longer Limbs and larger hands which
obviously could be advantageous when
punching somebody in a boxing ring also
lung volumes will differ so on the
extreme you have female versus male
there's a difference of 10 to 12% in
lung volume with females having 10 to
12% smaller lung volumes than males and
depending on the spectrum of Androgen
and sensitivity this will impact where
on this differential you actually land
because it could be if it's complete
insensitivity you may be like far on the
end of you know you don't have some of
these same uh advantages from an oxygen
carrying capacity standpoint via
multiple variables not just lung volume
which we'll get into in a sec but in
general females are going to have lower
oxygen update capacity which is expected
females also have about 85% the heart
size of that of males and the volume of
blood that you can actually pump around
the body as a result of that obviously
less heart size of males translates to a
larger stroke volume as well and V2 Max
as a result it's going to be 15 to 30%
higher in Elite males than in females
based on just straight up uh sex
differential in terms of the anatomy
functional capacity of the lungs as well
varies based on even uh propensity to
asthma so Androgen exposure seems to
lower the incidence of asthma so the
more female you are the more likely you
are to have asthma seemingly and if you
have mild in sensitivity versus partial
versus complete this is obviously going
to affect your the probability that you
have severe asthma versus not among
other factors that drive oxygen caring
capacity as well like hematocrite you
know affected individuals do not
menstrate this is notable hugely notable
in my opinion given that if you're
competing in a sport that is highly
dependent on your ability to have Elite
endurance you know not having a period
where you bleed out a bunch of your
oxygen carrying capacity would be
helpful you know you would not have to
worry about that like a you know the
average female would so just quick high
level on red blood cell production worth
noting hematocrit is the percentage of
red cells in your blood and normal
levels in men hematocrite probably it
depends on the reference range in the
lab but you know 40 to 54% it's typical
for men whereas for women it's
approximately 34 to 46% so obviously
Less in women and androgens drive arthr
poesis so the process of making red
blood cells is significantly mediated by
the ability of androgens to increase
arthop potin concentrations so for
somebody with complete Androgen and
sensitivity it's entirely possible the
net outcome of lack of menstration but
concurrent lack of AR mediated arthr
poesis might be you know net neutral net
negative you know it's kind of hard to
say compared to a menstruating female
with full Androgen receptor activity but
there's also obvious leeway given that
this response at the Androgen receptor
is all a spectrum as we mentioned
different categories and individuals who
are also a partial insensitivity you
know based on some of the uh at least
Olympic classifications not that they're
being used now but even back then it was
deemed to be a false positive if you had
partial insensitivity or complete which
is obviously going to be a differential
between how much arthr poesis you can
drive so there could easily be a net
positive outcome if you only have
partial AR and sensitivity and
satisfactory or even male territory
arthr poesis occurring in addition over
the past few decades this is something
that typically is not talked about
evidence has begun to accumulate showing
that the androgens in the body can have
actions independent of the Androgen
receptor and can still impart very
significant rapid actions at the
cellular and organism level without
having to interact with the AR
whatsoever this is known as the non-
genomic pathway and it requires neither
AR nuclear translocation nor AR DNA
binding this is independent entirely
from the Androgen receptor and even
anti-androgens like bicalutamide that we
talked about earlier and flutamide have
no effect on non-genomic Androgen
signaling as evidenced by studies
evaluating if it is indeed the case or
not that this is a AR or ar independent
mediated thing and it turns out that
there is in fact effects of androgens
independent entirely if you were
somebody who had complete insensitivity
if you had natural testost levels that
were that of a male there is some degree
of effect that is happening outside of
the receptor entirely and this is driven
through metabolites into aromatization
into estrogen and a bunch of different
things but it seems to drive Androgen
mediated functions despite not actually
interacting with the Androgen receptor
interestingly so one example is a
notable case report from 2021 that
details the case of a complete Androgen
and sensitivity patient who underwent
gonadectomy at Age 2 six so gonad ectomy
is the actual surgical removal of their
gonads and after they had that removal
they actually had a decrease in libido
like very significant decrease libido
but they were able to reverse it by
using testosterone very interesting
because if this person had complete
Androgen and sensitivity you would think
okay well when you remove their goans
there's going to be no difference in
terms of how they feel how high their
libido is ETC but the fact that it
dropped dramatically and then increased
back up with testosterone therapy
indicates that there's something going
on Independent of the AR so testosterone
therapy led to a robust increase in
sexual function which is inconsistent
with a genomic action of testosterone
and it is speculated you know this could
be partly mediated by Central
aromatization because estrogen does
Drive some level of sexual function for
sure if you've ever crushed your
estrogen with aromatase Inhibitors or
bodybuilders know just how bad it can be
to have low estrogen but High test you
can still have no libido but it is
thought to also be mediated by
non-genomic actions of androgens because
exogenous estradi therapy in individuals
with complete Androgen and Sensitivity
Syndrome was not effective like
testosterone was in reversing this so a
recent randomized crossover trial with
26 complete Androgen and Sensitivity
Syndrome patients also found that
exogenous testosterone did lead to an
improvement in sexual function so there
is little debate as as well when it
comes to psychoactive effects that
better motor skills visual spatial
skills and pro perception will improve
coordination and subsequent athletic
performance the sex specific
connectivity of sub networks in the
brain are thought to underly the ability
of males to show consistently higher
levels of performance in these areas and
you know when we see these non- genomic
effects of androgens you can't help but
think there seems to be some effect
independent of AR that is traditionally
like masculinizing through non genomic
effects and then for somebody with
partial activity or partial response you
can assume they're going to have some of
these like male characteristic effects
that otherwise give them a uniquely male
Spectrum level advantage over females
and that's just over females without any
predispositions like this which is just
the reality so depending on the mutation
a person with a 46xy carot type and
androgen and Sensitivity Syndrome can
have either a male or female phenotype
or may have genitalia that are only
partially masculinized and ultimately
this insensitivity syndrome is the
largest single entity that leads to
46xy under masculinized genitalia so
even with unethical level scrutiny if
you want to call it that someone with
partial Androgen and Sensitivity
Syndrome could still pass like the most
crude sex verification test if they are
exempting all individuals that are XY
with partial Androgen and Sensitivity
Syndrome and complete they could compete
against women and potentially depending
on the condition and severity have a net
Advantage via higher testosterone levels
some level of direct genomic effects if
they have partial insensitivity the full
capacity of the non- genomic effects of
androgens which are becoming more well
understood as the years pass and more
literature emerges longer limbs bigger
hands being taller more muscle mass
depending on the severity bigger lungs
potentially bigger heart less prone to
asthma more of arthop poesis not
menstruating there are a lot of factors
here so in the Caster Sania case
revisiting this for a final time the
extreme example of somebody who's a Gold
Medal winner but has fully functional
internal testes producing male level
testosterone functional Androgen
receptors having undergone full
development or at least the development
to which the testosterone levels allow
masculinization wise but on the muscle
tissue bone mass Etc side like that is
full capacity of those natural
testosterone levels without inhibition
via anti Ander cuz this wasn't a
mandatory requirement when Caster was
competing until she decided not to
compete anymore cuz she would not abide
by those rules but she was able to still
win when that was not a requirement like
it's hard to argue that that individual
with that specific set of circumstances
does not have a significant unfair
Advantage you know you could argue the
whole you know individuals who have
unique genetic predispositions like
Michael Phelps or whatever that result
in unique performance advantages over
competitors You could argue that well
this is just that again but then it it
calls into question what is the validity
or actual like point of even even having
segregated gender categories at all like
we have Men Sport and women sport like
does it even make sense at this point
when you are just claiming that an
individual who is has internal testies
that produces male level testosterone
levels and fully response to those
testosterone levels is a superior female
like that's basically what you're
claiming from performance standpoint if
you wanted to shoehorn that person into
a you know female division that's not to
say that it's fair for that person but
it's certainly not fair for women who
have to deal with normal female
physiology to compete against somebody
who has literal male development like
that is not fair so I would say in the
case of the five Alpha reductase
deficiency depending on the person
depending on the functional capacity of
the testes Etc like that is a situation
where that person should have been
probably identified and subject to
either I don't necessarily think that
the whole anti-androgen situation the
threshold C offs I don't necessarily
think that's a perfect system but at the
end of the day Caster should not in my
opinion somebody with that level of
unique uh predisposition should not be
put in the exact same playing field as
somebody who literally does not have
these same organs to work with you know
like it's different when you talk about
males to have specific Anatomy for males
that give them an advantage like Michael
Phelps or mutations and genes that
encode for some process that is
significantly more efficient than
another male but at the end of the day
like this is the criteria we're dealt
with is segregating Sport by gender once
you start to shoehorn individuals with
male territory performance via their
male predisposed development that they
actually were supposed to go down should
they not have had a mutation in the gene
that encodes for five Alpha reduct a
like you've essentially defeated the
Integrity of these gender categories
entirely to which it's like what's the
[ __ ] point you might as well have
everyone compete against everyone at
this point which is obviously dumb but I
mean I don't think that that case makes
sense to have somebody with that unique
of an advantage competing against just
straight up women without internal
testies however what is the takeaway for
this situation with Yan khif and Lynn so
I think chromosomes matter I think think
the genes matter I think the hormone
levels matter and I think the DSD
category plus medical condition of these
Fighters matters I think a lot of this
information we just went over is of
critical importance to carefully
evaluate in a nuanced manner among each
fighter and it was essentially just
thrown out the window in Olympic boxing
seemingly as there was not only no sex
verification testing but there was also
no testosterone threshold C offs or
regulated limits in the Olympics nor
were there you know mandatory
anti-androgen requirements or anything
of that nature I am not to say that
that's a perfect system but at the end
of the day like there was nothing in
place to prevent somebody from competing
who has you know even greater
predispositions than you know Caster
seemingly so despite you know neither of
those tests are perfect and there's a
ton of room to maneuver and cheat that
system but there's a reason why other
sports at least have cut offs in place
to do something to try and somewhat
allow parody here and to be inclusive so
despite other sports in the Olympics
this year having rigorous C offs there
is no formal oversight body for boxing
supposedly the ioc created an ad hoc
boxing unit to temporarily oversee the
boxing competition in Paris and this
unit has no guidelines for gender
eligibility seemingly or the extent to
which it is is basically allowing boxers
to compete as females if they have
female gender markers on their passports
or legal documents so if you had a
passport that showed you were a female
you were eligible to fight in the
women's category that is what we've been
led to believe so to determine if Iman
khif or Lin yuting have a semblance of a
male level Advantage they need to be
tested and until the ioc makes clear
what their specific criteria is for
eligibility above and beyond what's on
your passport and how they're ensuring
fairness in situations like this that
can be you know debated at that point as
to if that criteria is sufficient or not
we can only assume you know without any
more information that there is a
possibility that under viralized men are
winning gold medals in women's sports at
an Olympic level and also punching women
in the head in the ring like that's with
the lack of information given we can
assume that that is certainly a
possibility and it's wild that this is
occurring in 2024 it's very unfortunate
that these two individuals that again
not born as biologic men going through
full puberty and then transitioning to
women and then trying to compete in
boxing or something these individuals
are born as women and believe
wholeheartedly that they are just
natural normal healthy young women and
all of a sudden are thrust under
scrutiny like this and basically getting
[ __ ] on by the public for having
competed against women it's a highly
contentious and weird
situation and I also do uh empathize
with those individuals who really
probably have no clear-cut understanding
of what's going on like this is
seemingly a very recent thing they were
disqualified and who knows if they know
what that means or why they were
disqualified and if it made sense cuz if
you were disqualified last year for
something in your test and then in 2024
you were eligible it's like okay well
you would think at the highest level of
sport in the Olympics whatever their
tests are would be the criteria of which
is okay I'm obviously good to go nor
would you even think like hopefully I
can fin this test cuz you just think
you're a woman this entire time which
you know you could be unless you're told
otherwise via proof and you have some
sort of clear-cut test eligibility
requirements that would dictate that you
are or aren't you can't have somebody
getting away with having a 5 AR
deficiency with male level test levels
and punching women in the head so
hopefully that's not the case and
hopefully they have I guess the spectrum
of Androgen and sensitivity that would
otherwise net out to female territory
performance levels but we have no idea
if that the case and we will not know
unless more information is presented
that may be otherwise too much of a
privacy concern to be releasing to the
public at which point it's like okay
well I don't know does it just suck for
you then if you're an individual born
like this maybe unfortunately but I also
think that for fairness of women's sport
you almost have to have that level of
scrutiny all but maybe not publicized to
the public but there should be clear-cut
criteria that somebody needs to meet
that the public knows what the criteria
is and then the athletes are tested
accordingly to determine that they don't
have response to male level Androgen
levels that is reflective of that of a
male I think that's a fairly General and
logical statement I'm got a my brain is
absolutely [ __ ] warped at this point
but hopefully you guys uh learned
something from that found it interesting
wild controversial situation and without
the actual specific categorical
identification and medical condition and
Analysis of hormone levels and
chromosomes and genes we have no idea at
the end of the day if this is fair or
not so to be determined maybe but
hopefully these individuals are
otherwise you know equated to what is
just a you know normal functioning woman
at the end of the day when it comes to
the capacity for you know muscle
building blood building bone mass Etc
but it's hard to Overlook some of these
anatomical differences and even slight
sensitivity at the receptor and these
non- genomic effects and the fact that
individuals likely if they have internal
testes have male level hormone levels
it's like really hard to overlook that
there should be higher scrutiny on this
than a [ __ ] passport so anyways let
me know what you guys think in the
comments down below all the comments
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