Learn Japanese Grammar in 25 Minutes - ALL the Basics You Need
Summary
TLDRThis video script offers an absolute beginner's guide to Japanese grammar through an engaging series of lessons. It covers basic sentence patterns, such as 'A is B', and introduces the concept of turning statements into questions by adding 'ka'. The script also explores causative and volitional words, indicating the distance of objects relative to the speaker, and teaches polite conversational phrases like 'sumimasen' for 'excuse me' and 'I'm sorry'. Additionally, it provides practical phrases for asking for items and services, and explains the formation of negative sentences in different levels of politeness. The lessons aim to equip viewers with the tools to speak real Japanese from their first lesson, encouraging them to sign up for further learning at japanesepod101.com.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video series aims to teach basic Japanese grammar patterns and phrases for absolute beginners.
- 🔊 It emphasizes the use of audio and visual cues to make learning easy to follow.
- 👋 The script introduces the common greeting 'Nice to meet you,' which can be used with anyone for the first time.
- 🔑 The first sentence pattern taught is 'A is B,' which is fundamental in Japanese grammar.
- 🌐 The script provides examples of how to use the 'A is B' pattern with names and occupations.
- ❓ It teaches how to form questions in Japanese by adding 'ka' to the end of a statement.
- 📌 The script explains the use of 'hai' for affirmation and 'chi mas' for negation in Japanese.
- 📍 It covers the use of 'kosovo' words to indicate the subject's location relative to the speaker and listener.
- ⏰ The lesson includes how to ask for the time and the correct pronunciation of the hours in Japanese.
- 📍 The script teaches how to ask about locations using 'doko' and provides examples like 'Where is the study abroad office?'
- 🙏 It introduces 'sumimasen' as a versatile phrase for both 'excuse me' and 'I'm sorry.'
- 🛒 The video explains 'onegai shimasu' for requesting items or services politely.
- 🚫 The script covers three ways to form negative sentences in Japanese: 'dewa arimasen,' 'ja,' and 'nai.'
- 📝 It also explains how to convert noun sentences into their polite past tense form.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video series?
-The main focus of the video series is to teach basic Japanese grammar patterns and phrases to absolute beginners through easy-to-follow audio and visual cues.
What is the first sentence pattern taught in the lesson?
-The first sentence pattern taught is 'A is B', which is used to express identity or possession, such as 'I am Jessie' or 'She is Jennifer'.
How can the 'A is B' pattern be modified to include a name without using 'watashi'?
-The 'A is B' pattern can be modified by simply stating one's name followed by 'desu', for example, 'Ken desu' to mean 'I am Ken'.
What is the purpose of adding 'ka' to the end of a statement in Japanese?
-Adding 'ka' to the end of a statement in Japanese turns it into a question, allowing the speaker to inquire about the subject of the statement.
What does the word 'hai' mean in Japanese?
-'Hai' in Japanese means 'yes' or 'it is so', and it is used to affirm a statement or respond to a question.
What is the meaning of 'chi mas' in Japanese and how is it used?
-'Chi mas' means 'no' or 'that is different' in Japanese, and it is used to disagree with a statement or indicate that something is incorrect.
What are 'kosovado' words and how do they function in Japanese?
-'Kosovado' words are demonstrative words in Japanese that indicate the distance of the object or person being referred to in relation to the speaker and listener, such as 'kore' (this), 'sore' (that), and 'are' (that over there).
How do you ask for the time in Japanese?
-To ask for the time in Japanese, one can say 'ima nanji desu ka', which translates to 'What time is it now?'.
What is the polite way to say 'I am not' in Japanese?
-The polite way to say 'I am not' in Japanese is 'dewa arimasen', which can be shortened to 'ja arimasen' for a more casual tone.
How can you ask for something in Japanese?
-To ask for something in Japanese, you can use the phrase 'Onegaishimasu' followed by the item you want, such as 'menu onegaishimasu' for 'Can I get a menu, please?'.
What is the casual version of 'arimasen' used to form negative sentences in Japanese?
-The casual version of 'arimasen' used to form negative sentences in Japanese is 'nai', which is attached at the end of a sentence to indicate negation.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Japanese Grammar for Absolute Beginners
This paragraph introduces a video series designed for absolute beginners in learning Japanese grammar. It outlines the content of the first lesson, which includes basic grammar patterns and phrases, and emphasizes the use of audio and visual cues to facilitate learning. The script covers the essential 'A is B' sentence pattern, providing examples with names and occupations, and demonstrates how to transform a statement into a question by adding 'ka' at the end. This segment also introduces the phrase 'Nice to meet you' and its usage in meeting new people.
🗣️ Understanding Affirmation and Negation in Japanese
This paragraph delves into the Japanese words for affirmation and negation, focusing on 'hai' (yes) and 'chi mas' (no). It explains the literal meanings and usage contexts of these words, highlighting their importance in conveying agreement or disagreement. The script also introduces 'koso-do' words, which are demonstrative words indicating the subject of conversation. It explains the categories of 'this', 'that', and 'that over there', and their respective uses in different contexts, as well as the question word 'dore', which is similar to 'which' or 'which one' in English.
🕰️ Learning to Ask About Time and Locations in Japanese
This section of the script introduces the phrases for asking about the time and location in Japanese. It explains the formal and casual ways to inquire about the current time, using 'ima nanji desu ka' and the more casual 'imananji'. The script also covers the irregular pronunciation of certain hours and how to express them in Japanese. Moving on to locations, the paragraph discusses the use of 'koso-do' words to indicate places and provides examples of how to ask for the location of specific objects or places, such as the study abroad office or a bathroom.
📍 Exploring Prefixes and Apologies in Japanese
The script continues with an exploration of prefixes in Japanese that indicate the proximity of objects or people to the speaker and listener. It explains the prefixes 'ko', 'so', 'a', and 'do', and their meanings in relation to distance. The paragraph also teaches the phrase 'sumimasen', which serves as both 'excuse me' and 'I'm sorry', and demonstrates its usage in different scenarios. Additionally, it introduces the phrase 'onegaishimasu' for requesting items or services, and explains its formation and application.
🚫 Negative Forms and Polite Past Tense in Japanese
This paragraph focuses on the formation of negative sentences and the polite past tense in Japanese. It presents three ways to express negation: 'dewa arimasen', 'ja arimasen', and 'nai desu'. The script also covers the transition of noun sentences into their polite past form, illustrating the change from 'desu' to 'deshita'. Examples are given to show how to express past prices or historical figures in a polite manner. The paragraph concludes with a reminder of the importance of using the correct formality level when speaking or writing in Japanese.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Japanese Grammar
💡Watashi
💡Causality
💡Question Formation
💡Copula
💡Politeness Levels
💡Kosovo Words
💡Sumimasen
💡Onegai shimasu
💡Negative Form
💡Polite Past Tense
Highlights
Introduction to the video series for learning basic Japanese grammar patterns and phrases.
Teaching the important sentence pattern 'A is B' in Japanese with examples.
Explanation of how to form questions in Japanese by adding 'ka' to the end of a statement.
Use of 'hai' for affirmation and 'chi mas' for negation in Japanese conversation.
Introduction to kosovado words indicating the topic and distance in Japanese.
Explanation of different kosovado words for 'this', 'that', and 'which one'.
Learning how to ask for the time in Japanese with 'ima nanji desu ka'.
Irregular pronunciation of certain numbers when used to denote time.
Asking for locations using 'doko desu ka' and other kosovado words.
Learning the phrase 'sumimasen' for both 'excuse me' and 'I'm sorry'.
Instruction on how to ask for items or services politely using 'Onegaishimasu'.
Understanding the negative forms 'ja arimasen', 'arimasen', and 'nai' in Japanese.
Formation of polite past tense for noun sentences in Japanese.
Significance of the difference between 'desu' and 'deshita' in tense and formality.
Invitation to subscribe for more Japanese lessons and a free lifetime account at japanesepod101.com.
Transcripts
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welcome to learn japanese grammar
absolute beginner
in this video series you'll learn basic
japanese grammar patterns and phrases
through easy to follow audio and visual
cues
here's what we'll cover in this lesson
[Music]
ready
let's get started
can we hear it a little bit slower
great and one more time at natural speed
and this means nice to meet you right
you can use this with anyone you meet
for the first time right and that would
be the first thing you say
must
in this lesson you'll learn a very
important sentence pattern your first
sentence pattern in japanese
yes okay so the pattern is a is b that
is the meaning in english for example i
am jessie you are now me she is jennifer
we have a which is the item being talked
about and then we have b
which is what we identify it as so in
japanese how would we say a is b
one more time
let's break it down so we have a
followed by wa
and then b followed by this
okay so the pattern one more time
so where we have a and b we can start
inserting different words to make
sentences yes watashi
means i and kaori is her name kaori so
we just put both of those into the a is
b structure
and
or my name is kaori you can leave of
watashi
and simply say your name plus this
so for example if your name is ken you
can say either
watashi
or simply
to say i'm ken
okay so up until now we've been using
names to complete this
pattern but we can insert other nouns
right yes for example in place of b you
can also say your job
which means i am a pilot can we hear the
same phrase a little more slowly
and once again at natural speed
okay great
ready
let's get started
in this lesson you'll learn how to make
a question which is very easy yes you'll
be surprised
you learned how to make an a is b
sentence
is water so altogether this means this
is water
korewa
misudes so this is just a regular
statement you're just stating a fact
right right
now what if we want to ask a question
say you have a glass of clear liquid in
front of you and you want to know is
this water for all you know it could be
7up or something else
well to turn a statement into a question
add cut to the end just one sound
let's try it so the sentence
is this water
so sitting in front of you is a plate of
something that looks like cookies
if you know they are sweets you can say
but say for example if you don't know
what they are and want to ask if they
are sweets you can say
are these sweets
remember all you need to do is add cut
to a statement to make it a question
that's it
what's the first word
hai yes and
so this
which literally means it is so
that's right hey that's an easy word to
remember it is so so
this
that's one word that's probably the word
you use the most hi so this
hi so this
that's wrong
right chi mas also means no
if you were to translate it into english
but really literally it means that is
different oh yeah or that is wrong it's
different that's not the case so
basically it's like saying no someone is
wrong about something or like a proposed
option or something is incorrect and
it's the opposite let's give an example
naomi sensei
is that a diamond no it's not
you see it's really no but it's
basically that's different it's
different it's not a diamond it's
something else something different
ready
let's get started
in this lesson we're looking at causal
adult words so how do we explain what
they are then well kosovo words are
words that indicate what you're talking
about in japanese there are three main
categories this
that and that over there and one
category for questions
so this is kore and that is sore so when
it comes to kosovado words remember that
words that start with ko indicate
something or someone close by
this
words that start with salt indicate
something or someone a little further
away sore
there are some others though too aren't
there yes like are ade also means that
but it's used to refer to something far
away from both the speaker and the
listener so it's over there right
and dore
now coso are the words that start with
do are always the question words they're
like wh words in english so dore means
which or which one let's go over those
cosuado words again
this one soda that one near you are that
one over there
which one
are
all right let's break that down first
word is correct this what the topic
marking particle nang what this the
copula
the question marking particle
what is this right
all right we have this but what if i
wanted to talk about that
you mean that one over there i mean that
thing that's right there within your
reach that would be so that for you sore
means that close to the person you're
speaking to and how about that thing
that's way over there at it
so you're not sure if what i'm holding
in my hand now is medicine so you would
ask me
is that medicine and then i would say
which means yes this is medicine
so
nami sensei what is this
and what is that the one right in front
of you
and what is that one over there are
nandeska
koreva nandeska
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ready
let's get started
what time is it
let's break it down
now
what time is it now
i think this is the most common
expression to ask the time that's right
and this is pretty formal in the sense
that you say ima at the beginning you
say now because when you ask the time
you usually mean right now right so
you can omit ima and it'll still have
the same the same meaning
what time is it same thing right right
and of course in a casual situation you
can drop deska and say nanji and you
know it's funny in that case personally
from personal experience when you're
speaking casually you tend to add the
ima at the beginning
so it would become imananji right and
that's the phrase you hear the most at
least when you're speaking casually
desk
let's do the time let's learn all of the
hours all right so what's one o'clock
it's easy
two o'clock niji
three o'clock
sanji
four o'clock yoji
five o'clock koji
six o'clock lokuji
10 o'clock juji
11 o'clock to
there we go now you can count all of the
hours but you have to be careful about
four o'clock nine o'clock and seven
o'clock the pronunciation is bit
irregular irregular okay so let's go
over them again what's four o'clock yoji
okay i see what you're saying so
normally the number four is young
but when it's four o'clock it becomes
yo
i see so the young becomes yo and you
can't say
either ah that's right because another
way of saying for is
she right and you can't say she doesn't
make any sense no one will know what
time you're talking about
so what's the problem with seven o'clock
i think people usually say
in the conversation but at the train
station or airport you might hear nanaji
nine o'clock
it's not qg ah
nine is normally q
q
but nine o'clock
it becomes ku kuji all right so let's
practice some polite conversation
what time is it now
it's four o'clock use this
and in a casual situation what time is
it
it's four o'clock yoji
ready
let's get started
so what's our grammar point today
asking the location
where is the study abroad office let's
break it down dude
study abroad office what topic marking
particle
where
this the copula
the question marking particle
where's the study abroad office
so now me where's the bathroom and do
you want me to say it in japanese okay
where's the bathroom
all right that's fine nami sensei but
sometimes it's you're in the dark right
you need to find out the lights are or
else you're gonna stay in the dark ah
light in japanese is denki denki it also
means electricity right
so nami sensei where are the lights
where are the lights but you know before
we turn the lights on we need to get
into the room
you know i don't have the key do you
know where it is where's the key kagi is
key
where's the key
toy
in this lesson we'll be looking at
kosovado
words are words that indicate what you
are talking about words like this and
that are some examples now the reason we
call them kosovado words is because they
all start with either ko
a
this prefix tells us the location or the
object's distance relative to the
speaker the first one is
ko the prefix cult means near the
speaker the next one is
the prefix so means close to the
listener but a bit far from the speaker
the next one is
a
the prefix up means at a distance from
the speaker and the listener
and the last one is
now this one doesn't refer to a location
but instead is used for question words
remember these prefixes and their
meanings
now let's move on to the cosolado words
that describe places the word for here
is
so
over there this word talks about a
farther distance from both the speaker
and the listener
good now let's hear an example
watashiba
this means i'm here
ready
let's get started
okay in this lesson you'll learn how to
say excuse me and i'm sorry the best
part is you only have to learn one
phrase for both that's right there is
one phrase that covers both of these
meanings that makes it easy and that
word is now me
sumimasen
and one more time regular speed
sumimasen
so this sumimasen has two meanings
excuse me and i'm sorry
so the first meaning of sumimasen excuse
me is used to get the attention of
somebody so that means you can use it to
call out to a stranger or a waiter at a
restaurant things like that
excuse me like that so that's the first
meaning of sumimasen
the second meaning again is i'm sorry
ah
which is oh i'm sorry this is really
useful if you make some kind of mistake
it can all be handled with sumimasen
please remember this phrase
sumimasen
in this lesson you'll learn how to ask
for something in japanese
there is one phrase you'll learn for
that in this lesson
onegaishimasu on its own you can think
of it as meaning please yes as in menu
please water please and so on okay so
naomi what's the formation
very simple
just say the item you want and add
oneega
so that's item plus
exactly
literally menu please in more natural
english we'd say can i get a menu
and the next one
can i get some water
now a menu and water are both physical
objects so you can use this
oneegaishimasu for actual tangible
things but you can also use it for not
so tangible things ah
like a service right
is order and onegaishimasu is like
please so literally it's like saying
order please you may think it means
something like can i have my order
please but what it really means is can
you take my order please
so you're asking them to do something
yes quite handy this
ready
let's get started
i am not larry
all right what's the key point here ja
arima sen the negative form of this so
the negative of this is
which is the first way to say a negative
form there's three ways what's the
second way nami sensei
arimasen and all we did here was get
that dewa from dewa arimasen and shorten
it into ja and what's the third way
and this is no less polite it's also
polite but you just got the arimasen and
you turned it into night and
nigh is the casual version of arimasen
but we attach this at the end so it
remains polite so you could use it to
anybody all right and all of these
expressions are polite are there any
real differences in the way that you use
them nami sensei i would say deva
arimasen is the most polite expression
do you ever you find yourself using it
in speaking not much how about in
writing
writing i use it a lot
okay nami sensei so let's be a little
negative here hi translate all my
sentences into negative
watashi
watashi
and those are three ways of saying i'm
not dirty in the same level of
politeness
i'm
let's have a look at noun sentences and
putting them in their polite past form
this sentence the udon was 300 yen is a
noun sentence and it's in the past form
the polite past form so if we were just
going to say the udon is 300 yen it
would be udonwa
okay so putting it in the past tense
what changes is the deaths on the end it
becomes desta this is pretty simple so
for example if we were going to say um
one dollar is 100 yen we would say
but uh was there a time i think when one
dollar was worth a lot more yen
360 yen okay so how would we say the
dollar was worth 360 yen was being past
tense
okay so you can hear there that the
deaths is becoming dashed to indicate
past tense and this is polite past tense
all right let's look at just a couple
more noun sentences in the polite past
form
kennedy uh you mean jfk
yeah yeah i guess so yeah so jfk was an
american hi since he has already passed
away i used desktop okay so if you were
talking about president bush you would
say
america
so i think you probably get the picture
now it's just the difference between des
and desta that's all that changes in the
sentence if you're indicating non-past
or past because non-past is this and
past is desta
udon
desta
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[Music]
you
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