GET BETTER AT ANYTHING by Scott Young | Core Message

Productivity Game
2 Jun 202408:33

Summary

TLDR斯科特·扬在其著作《如何变得更擅长任何事情》中提出,通过观察、实践、获取反馈的三步学习循环,我们可以快速提升任何技能。首先,通过模仿和复制来学习技能;其次,通过提问来理解专家的思考过程;然后,通过完成练习来测试和巩固所学知识;最后,通过记录学习过程和利用大型模型获取微观反馈来优化学习效果。书中还包含了12条学习原则,旨在帮助学习者实现快速进步。

Takeaways

  • 📚 学习任何技能都可以通过观察、实践、获取反馈的三步学习循环来实现。
  • 👶 儿童通过观察、尝试、跌倒、获取指导的循环学习如何骑自行车,成年人可以利用这一循环来提高任何技能。
  • 🎨 在学习新技能时,通过模仿专家来提高,例如通过手抄心仪作家的作品来提升写作技巧。
  • 🗣️ 通过让专家在解决问题时边思考边解释,可以提取他们的思考过程,从而理解关键决策。
  • 🤔 通过提问来理解专家的决策过程,比如为什么选择特定的逻辑函数。
  • 💡 快速学习技能的基本规则可以更快地掌握该技能。
  • 🏋️‍♂️ 通过完成练习来测试所学知识,并保持在适当的难度区间,以避免自我效能感降低或学习停滞。
  • 📝 制作关键概念的闪卡,通过填空来测试自己,有助于构建自我效能感。
  • 🔍 获取反馈时,不仅要关注结果,还要关注过程,以避免因误解而产生的挫败感。
  • 📊 利用大型计算机模型获取即时反馈,比如在国际象棋中使用引擎模型来评估每一步。
  • 📓 通过学习日志记录应用技能解决问题的过程,并寻求外部反馈来改进方法。
  • 🚀 通过模仿、实践和获取可靠反馈,可以实现快速进步。

Q & A

  • 什么是斯科特·扬提出的三步学习循环?

    -斯科特·扬在《如何快速学习任何事物》中提出的三步学习循环包括:观察(See it)、实践(Do it)、获得反馈(Get good feedback)。这个循环强调了通过模仿、实践和接受反馈来提高技能。

  • 为什么在模仿时需要精确复制而不是仅仅复制粘贴代码?

    -精确复制代码可以让你更深入地理解编程者的思考过程,从而像熟练的实践者一样思考。这有助于你发现与自己不同的风格选择,并提出指导学习的问题。

  • 如何通过提问来提取专家的思考过程?

    -通过向专家提出问题,比如在遇到问题时他们会怎么做,可以让他们解释自己的决策过程。通过问“为什么”来理解关键决策,比如为什么选择某个逻辑函数。

  • 为什么在实践新技能时要保持在困难的“甜蜜点”?

    -保持在困难的“甜蜜点”可以避免因为过于困难而降低自我效能感,同时避免因为过于简单而无法触发大脑形成新的连接,从而促进技能的提高。

  • 完成练习是如何帮助学习者建立自信的?

    -完成练习是一种学习脚手架,它通过提供临时结构来帮助学习者逐步建立专业知识。这些练习通过产生频繁的小胜利来增强学习者相信自己能够学习新技能的信念。

  • 如何通过反馈来提高学习效率?

    -反馈不仅仅是关注结果,更重要的是关注过程。通过记录学习日志、分享给有经验的人或使用大型计算机模型来获取即时反馈,可以帮助学习者了解自己的思考过程和技能应用。

  • 为什么说大型模型可以提供微反馈?

    -大型模型,如国际象棋引擎或扑克GTO模型,可以在每个技能序列的每一步提供即时反馈,告诉学习者他们的决策是否是最高概率的决策,从而帮助他们评估和改进。

  • 斯科特·扬的书《如何快速学习任何事物》中提到了哪些学习原则?

    -书中提到了12条每个有志于学习的人都必须内化的学习原则,这些原则有助于学习者快速进步并保持学习动力。

  • 如何获取斯科特·扬书中的洞察力摘要?

    -如果你想要获取书中洞察力的一页PDF摘要,可以通过点击视频下方的链接并提供电子邮件地址来接收。如果你已经订阅了免费的生产力游戏电子邮件通讯,PDF已经发送到你的收件箱。

  • 斯科特·扬推荐的学习循环对于成年人学习新技能有什么帮助?

    -斯科特·扬推荐的学习循环可以帮助成年人通过模仿、实践和反馈来快速提高任何技能,同时保持学习动力,避免因为挫折而放弃。

  • 为什么在学习过程中要避免仅仅依赖结果反馈?

    -仅仅依赖结果反馈可能会导致误解,比如写出运行良好的代码可能质量并不高,或者视频在YouTube上走红可能只是因为算法的偶然性。这种反馈可能会误导学习者,让他们错误地认为自己的技能比实际更好,从而导致当结果稳定下降时感到巨大的挫败感。

Outlines

00:00

📚 学习循环:观察、实践与反馈

第一段主要介绍了斯科特·扬在其著作《如何更快地变得更好》中提出的学习循环理论。这一理论强调通过观察、实践和反馈三个步骤来提升技能。例如,儿童通过观察父母或兄弟姐妹骑自行车,然后尝试自己骑,并在过程中接受指导和鼓励,最终学会骑车。成年人可以利用最新的学习研究来增强这一循环的每个步骤,从而快速提升技能并保持学习动力。此外,还提到了通过模仿、提问和解决专家问题来深入理解技能的内在逻辑。

05:01

🔍 反馈的重要性与获取方法

第二段深入讨论了反馈在学习过程中的重要性,并指出仅依赖结果反馈可能会导致误解,因为结果可能由多种因素影响,而非技能本身。为了更准确地获得反馈,建议学习者记录自己的学习过程,并通过社区如Reddit或经验丰富的人士的“智囊团”来获取反馈。此外,还推荐使用大型计算机模型来获取即时反馈,如国际象棋引擎、扑克GTO模型等,这些模型可以帮助学习者评估每一步决策的正确性。最后,强调了通过模仿、实践和获取可靠反馈来实现快速进步的重要性,并推荐了斯科特·扬的书中包含的12条学习原则。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡学习循环

学习循环是视频中提到的核心概念,指的是观察、实践、获取反馈的过程。它强调通过模仿、实践和反馈来提高技能。例如,儿童学习骑自行车的过程就是通过观察、尝试、摔倒和获取父母指导的反馈来完成的。

💡模仿

模仿是学习循环的第一步,即通过观察他人的行为来学习新技能。视频中提到,通过模仿专家的行为,比如通过手抄心仪作家的文章,可以更深入地理解其风格和技巧。

💡实践

实践是学习循环中的第二个步骤,指的是通过重复做某事来提高技能。视频中提到,通过不断模仿和实践,比如重复演讲或编写代码,可以加深对技能的理解和掌握。

💡反馈

反馈是学习循环中的关键环节,它帮助学习者了解自己的表现,并指导如何改进。视频中强调,获取关于过程的反馈比仅仅关注结果更为重要,例如通过学习日志记录自己的思考过程。

💡技能提升

技能提升是视频讨论的主题之一,指的是通过特定的学习方法来快速提高个人能力。例如,通过复制代码、完成练习和获取专家反馈,可以加速编程技能的提升。

💡困难适中区

困难适中区是指在学习过程中既不过于简单也不过于困难的区域,可以激发学习者的兴趣并促进学习。视频中提到,通过完成练习来测试所学知识,应该保持在这个区域以维持自我效能感。

💡自我效能感

自我效能感是指个人对自己完成某项任务的信心。视频中提到,通过完成练习获得的小胜利可以增强这种信念,从而持续学习并提高技能。

💡完成练习

完成练习是一种学习方法,通过填补信息的空白来测试和巩固学习成果。视频中举例,比如听一个短语的开始然后尝试完成它,或者在编程中填补代码段的空白。

💡大模型反馈

大模型反馈是指利用计算机模型或大数据来获取关于技能执行的即时反馈。视频中提到,例如在国际象棋中使用引擎模型来评估每一步棋的优劣。

💡学习研究

学习研究是指利用最新的学习理论和方法来提高学习效率。视频中提到,通过学习研究可以增强学习循环的每一步,从而更快地提高技能。

💡Scott Young

Scott Young是视频中提到的作者,他的书《如何快速提高任何技能》提供了12条原则,帮助学习者内化并提高学习效率。视频中推荐了这本书,并提供了获取摘要的链接。

Highlights

通过三步学习循环“看、做、变好”,我们可以在任何领域变得更好。

儿童通过观察、尝试和接受反馈学习骑自行车,这一过程可以应用于成人学习新技能。

成人可以使用最新的学习研究来增强学习循环的每一步,快速提高技能且不放弃。

模仿是学习写作、公共演讲和编程等技能的有效方法。

通过向专家提问,可以提取他们的思考过程和决策方式。

完成练习可以帮助学习者在适当的难度范围内测试所学知识。

学习者应保持在“困难的甜蜜点”,以避免过度挫败或缺乏挑战。

使用学习脚手架,如填空练习,可以逐步建立专业知识。

通过完成练习,学习者可以逐步提高自我效能感,增强学习信念。

反馈不应仅关注结果,而应关注学习过程和方法。

保持学习日志并寻求外部反馈可以帮助学习者了解自己的学习方法。

利用大型计算机模型可以获得即时反馈,以优化技能序列的每一步。

大型模型可以为各种技能提供大数据反馈,帮助学习者了解自己的表现。

Scott Young提倡通过模仿、实践和反馈来实现快速进步。

《在任何领域变得更好》一书包含了12条每个学习者都应该内化的原则。

作者提供了这本书的一页PDF摘要,供读者获取更多洞见。

Transcripts

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I recently read get better at anything

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by Scott

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young we can get better at anything if

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we follow a three-part learning cycle

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see it do it get good

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feedback as children we learn to ride a

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bike by first observing a parent or

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sibling ride a bike then attempting to

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ride a bike and falling and then getting

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tips from a parent like don't look down

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then we followed the cycle again we

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watched a sibling look forward as she

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rode her bike got back on the bicycle

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and tried to again

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and then received additional tips and

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encouragement this learning cycle

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continued until we demonstrated that we

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could do it well or got frustrated and

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gave up as adults we can use the latest

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learning research to enhance each step

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of the Learning Cycle so we can get

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better at any skill quickly and have

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zero desire to

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quit to improve the first part of the

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cycle don't passively watch people do a

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skill copy exactly and extract

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improve your writing by copying passages

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from your favorite writer by hand while

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copying verbatim you're more inclined to

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notice stylistic choices that differ

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from your own prompting questions that

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will guide your learning enhance your

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public speaking by replicating a great

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keynote speech and recording yourself

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delivering it do it over and over until

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the pauses and vocal variety match the

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expert as you mimic the speech you'll

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better understand the components of a

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great speech become a better programmer

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by writing code out exactly as it's

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written instead of just copy pasting it

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into a reference

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document as you copy the code exactly as

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it is imagine what the programmer was

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thinking as they wrote the

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code copying will get you to think like

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a skilled practitioner but to really

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understand how skilled people think ask

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them to solve a problem while thinking

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allow to extract their

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process if you want to be a better

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golfer ask an expert golfer what they

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would do if they s started hitting the

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ball poorly if you want to be a better

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programmer give an experienced

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programmer a challenging problem and

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then ask them to talk through their

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process be like a curious toddler and

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ask plenty of why questions to

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understand key decisions like why did

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you choose that logic

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function and if you want to be a better

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cook challenge a chef by removing

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ingredients from a recipe and then

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getting them to talk through their

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problem solving process allowed when you

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get confused stop them and ask how did

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you come to that decision or what else

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could you have done

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there experts often skip fundamental

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explanations because their actions and

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decisions seem obvious to them but by

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giving experts problems and then forcing

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them to slow down and explain their

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decisions you can extract the vital if

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then rules that will allow you to

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perform the skill the faster you learn

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the fundamental rules of a skill the

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faster you'll be able to perform that

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skill

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well now after the copy and extraction

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phase you need to test what you've

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learned and when you put your knowledge

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to the test you must remain in the

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difficulty sweet spot because if you

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struggled too much at first your belief

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that you can learn the skill will

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diminish and your interest will Wan

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researchers called this lowering one's

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self-efficacy but if you struggle too

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little you won't trigger your brain to

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form new connections that allow you to

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improve one way to work within the

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difficulty sweet spot is to start

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practicing a skill with completion

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exercises if you're learning how to

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write good stories start copying a

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paragraph from a good short story and

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then close the reference material and

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try to finish it on your own if you're

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learning a language hear the start of a

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common phrase and then try to complete

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it if you're learning poker or chess

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watch a game being played hit pause and

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then guess the next move and if you're

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learning to program have a friend or AI

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remove critical pieces in a section of

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code and then try to fill in those

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sections for most cognitive skills you

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can create flashcards of key concepts

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with keywords missing and then test

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yourself at spaced intervals by reading

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the flashcards and trying to fill in the

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blanks for most physical skills you can

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start with a trigger movement and then

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try to complete the rest of the routine

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in different

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scenarios completion exercises are like

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scaffolds temporary structures used to

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help you build your

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expertise these learning scaffolds are

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great for Building self self-efficacy

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because they generate frequent small

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winds that fuel the belief that you can

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learn a

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skill gradually increasing the

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difficulty of completion exercises is

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quite straightforward you just create

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more and more gaps to be filled if you

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deleted one critical step the last time

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delete two this time your goal should

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always be to get roughly four out of

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five completion exercises

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correct Scott young says nothing gives a

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greater boost to our confidence than

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seeing ourselves success

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Ed now when it comes to the feedback

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part of the Learning Cycle don't just

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focus on how you did but on how you did

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it as you advance in this skill the

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feedback you get can be

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misleading you can write a program that

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runs well with poorly written code you

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can produce a video that goes viral on

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YouTube due to algorithm that quirks

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rather than

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quality relying solely on outcome

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feedback can mislead you into thinking

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your skills like programming skills and

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video production skills are much better

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than they actually are which can lead to

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enormous frustration when your results

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steadily Decline and you don't know

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why that's why for any skill you're

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learning you should do two things seek

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feedback on your process and get micro

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feedback from large

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models seek feedback on your process by

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keeping a learning journal and write

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down how you apply your skill to solve

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problems like how you thought through a

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complex hand in poker or position in

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chess then routinely post sections of

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your learning journal to Reddit for

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comment or share sections with a Brain

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Trust of experienced people that aren't

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afraid to point out flaws in your

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approach when possible record yourself

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executing a skill while talking through

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your thought process alloud then send

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the video to an expert to

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evaluate if you don't have a deep

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understanding of the fundamentals it

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will quickly become apparent in your

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explanation

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video now the second way to enhance

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feedback is to get mic feedback from

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large

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models utilize large computer models to

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get immediate feedback on every step of

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a skill sequence in chess there's chess

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engine models that tell you if you're

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winning or losing after every move in

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poker game theory optimal models GTO

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models help you evaluate each decision

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you make by telling you if you're making

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the highest probability

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decision in golf there's something

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called Strokes gain data that compares

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your performance to the average

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performance for your skill level so you

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know if each shot you make is better or

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worse than average and which area of the

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game you need to

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improve there are big data models like

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these available for almost any skill

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these days and now with large language

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models like chat GPT you're able to

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periodically explain your process and

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get feedback to refine your

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approach in the end rather than just

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seeing doing and reacting to a result

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copy people who are great and ask them

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processed questions

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then practice completion exercises

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within the difficulty sweet spot so you

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experience several small winds and

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sustain your self-efficacy that is you

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continue to believe you can learn the

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skill you're trying to learn and then

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get feedback on your approach from Brain

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Trust and large models as Scott young

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says when we're able to learn from the

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example of other people practice

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extensively ourselves and get reliable

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feedback rapid progress results

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that was the core message that I

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gathered from get better at anything by

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Scott young this book includes 12 maxims

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that every aspiring learner must

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internalize I highly recommend it if you

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