HAKIKAT BELAJAR DAN PEMBELAJARAN

Summary

The video lecture discusses the concepts of learning (belajar) and teaching/learning process (pembelajaran). It distinguishes between the two, emphasizing that learning is an individual process involving changes in behavior, knowledge, or skills, while teaching is a structured process that facilitates this change. The lecturer also outlines the four key competencies that every teacher must possess—professional, pedagogical, personal, and social. Different types of learning are also explored, such as signal learning, stimulus-response, and problem-solving learning. The lecture concludes with assignments for students to explore definitions of learning and summarize the essence of these concepts.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of 'learning' refers to a process that leads to changes in behavior, knowledge, and skills.
• 😀 'Learning' differs from 'teaching,' with learning being a personal, internal process, while teaching is structured and guided.
• 😀 Education is integral to modern life, and both 'learning' and 'teaching' play crucial roles in it.
• 😀 Teachers must possess four key competencies: professional, pedagogical, personality, and social competencies.
• 😀 Learning is a process that involves the development of behavior through practice and experience, not just the final product.
• 😀 Learning is influenced by the interaction between an individual and their environment, resulting in changes in behavior.
• 😀 Different experts, like Howard L. Kinsley and Fontana, provide varying definitions of learning, but they all emphasize experience and change.
• 😀 The process of learning involves both internal changes in an individual and external structuring through organized teaching.
• 😀 The characteristics of learning include the relatively permanent change in behavior, gained through experience.
• 😀 There are various types of learning, such as signal learning, stimulus-response learning, chaining learning, and problem-solving learning, each involving different forms of skill acquisition and understanding.

Q & A

What is the difference between 'belajar' (learning) and 'pembelajaran' (teaching/learning process)?

'Belajar' (learning) refers to the process by which an individual acquires knowledge, skills, or attitudes, resulting in a change in behavior. 'Pembelajaran' (teaching/learning process) involves organizing and facilitating learning activities to enhance the quality and structure of the learning experience.

Why is it essential for teachers to have four competencies? What are they?

Teachers need four competencies—professional, pedagogical, personality, and social competence—to effectively manage learning processes and meet students' needs. These competencies help teachers understand how students learn and organize lessons to optimize learning outcomes.

What is the role of experience in the learning process according to Fontana's definition?

According to Fontana, learning is a process that leads to a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience. Experience enriches the learner's knowledge, skills, and abilities.

What is the significance of 'signal learning' or 'isyarat learning' in education?

Signal learning is the process of understanding and responding to various signals, such as non-verbal cues, which are essential in communication. It helps students to recognize and respond to environmental cues in educational settings.

How does 'stimulus-response learning' (belajar stimulus-respon) work, and where is it commonly applied?

In stimulus-response learning, a stimulus triggers a response. This type of learning is commonly used in educational settings where students are given a stimulus (such as an example or a question) and are expected to respond accordingly. It is frequently used in problem-solving exercises or teaching reactions to specific cues.

What does 'chaining learning' (belajar rangkaian) refer to, and how does it work in real life?

Chaining learning involves learning tasks in a step-by-step process. For instance, learning how to eat involves a series of steps like preparing food, holding utensils, and taking bites. Each step builds upon the previous one, forming a sequence of actions.

How can 'verbal association learning' help in understanding new concepts?

Verbal association learning helps learners understand new concepts by relating them to something familiar. For example, explaining a train as being similar to a snake helps someone unfamiliar with a train understand it by drawing on an existing mental image.

Why is it important to differentiate between 'concept learning' and 'rule learning'?

Concept learning focuses on understanding the relationships between different ideas or concepts (such as cause and effect), while rule learning involves understanding the principles or laws that govern behaviors or phenomena, like Newton's laws of motion.

What are some examples of 'problem-solving learning' (belajar pemecahan masalah) in education?

Problem-solving learning involves presenting students with challenges or questions that require critical thinking to solve. Examples include case studies, mathematical problems, or real-life situations where students must investigate, ask questions, and find solutions.

What is the significance of 'non-formal education' and how is it different from formal education?

Non-formal education, such as courses or workshops, is less structured and can occur outside traditional schooling systems. It differs from formal education, which follows a rigid curriculum and is typically conducted in schools or universities.