Invasion of Arab and Turk in India | Medieval History

Summary

The video outlines the military campaigns of Muhammad Ghori, highlighting his invasions in India from 1175 AD onwards. After initially conquering Multan, Ghori faced defeats in Gujarat before returning to defeat Prithviraj Chauhan in the second Battle of Tarain. Following his success, Ghori's slave, Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, established the Delhi Sultanate. The video also explores Ghori’s legacy, particularly Aibak’s destructive actions, such as destroying temples and building iconic structures like the Qutub Minar. The video concludes by questioning who among Muhammad Bin Qasim, Ghaznavi, and Ghori was most notorious for idol destruction.

Takeaways

• 😀 Muhammad Ghori began his invasion of India in 1175 AD through the Gomal Pass and first attacked Multan for its wealth.
• 😀 Ghori's first defeat came in 1178 AD when King Mulraj II of Gujarat defeated him, marking his only major defeat.
• 😀 After his defeat, Ghori continued his campaign, attacking Sialkot and Punjab, and eventually captured Lahore.
• 😀 The First Battle of Tarain in 1191 AD saw Ghori defeated by Prithviraj Chauhan, but Ghori vowed revenge and returned the following year.
• 😀 The Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 AD saw Ghori avenge his defeat and capture Delhi from Prithviraj Chauhan.
• 😀 There are multiple theories regarding Muhammad Ghori's death, including being killed by a tribal attack or by an arrow shot by Prithviraj Chauhan after his eyes were gouged out.
• 😀 Ghori's conquest of Kannauj in 1194 AD led to the defeat of King Jaichand, further cementing his control over India.
• 😀 Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, Ghori's slave, played a pivotal role in establishing the Delhi Sultanate after Ghori's death, capturing Delhi and defeating northern India.
• 😀 Aibak destroyed Hindu and Jain temples, including building the Qutb Minar and the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi.
• 😀 Qutb-ud-Din Aibak founded the Slave Dynasty in 1194 AD, marking the beginning of the Delhi Sultanate and Islamic rule in India.
• 😀 A quiz question at the end of the session asks who among Muhammad bin Qasim, Muhammad Ghaznavi, and Muhammad Ghori is known as the 'Murtibhanjak' (destroyer of idols).

Q & A

Who was Muhammad Ghori, and what was his role in the history of India?

Muhammad Ghori was a Central Asian ruler who invaded India in the late 12th century. He played a key role in establishing Islamic rule in India, particularly through his conquest of northern regions, including Delhi, and his victory over Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 AD.

What was the significance of the First Battle of Tarain (1191 AD)?

The First Battle of Tarain in 1191 AD was significant because it marked the first defeat of Muhammad Ghori at the hands of Prithviraj Chauhan. This battle halted Ghori's initial efforts to conquer northern India, but he returned the following year for revenge.

What was the outcome of the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 AD)?

In the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 AD, Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan, which marked a decisive victory for Ghori. This victory allowed him to establish Islamic rule in Delhi and paved the way for the founding of the Delhi Sultanate.

How did Muhammad Ghori's death contribute to the rise of the Delhi Sultanate?

After Muhammad Ghori's death, his slave-general, Qutbuddin Aibak, took control of his territories. Aibak established the Delhi Sultanate by capturing important cities like Delhi and Ajmer, marking the beginning of the Slave Dynasty in India.

What is the significance of the Qutb Minar and who built it?

The Qutb Minar is a monumental tower located in Delhi, built by Qutbuddin Aibak in the early 13th century. It stands as a symbol of the establishment of Islamic rule in India and marks a significant architectural achievement during the Delhi Sultanate period.

Why did Muhammad Ghori invade India, and what were his military strategies?

Muhammad Ghori invaded India to expand his empire and acquire wealth. His initial focus was on capturing regions like Multan for their economic value. He employed military strategies that included quick invasions and battles against local rulers, like Prithviraj Chauhan, to gain control over key territories.

What is the historical context behind the term 'Murti Bhanjak' and who is associated with it?

The term 'Murti Bhanjak' refers to the destroyers of religious idols, particularly in Hindu and Jain temples. Muhammad Ghaznavi and Muhammad Ghori are often associated with this term due to their destruction of Hindu and Jain idols during their invasions of India. Ghori, in particular, is known for destroying temples as part of his campaigns.

What role did the Battle of Chandawar (1194 AD) play in the establishment of Muhammad Ghori's rule?

The Battle of Chandawar, fought in 1194 AD between Muhammad Ghori and the ruler of Kanauj, Jai Chandra, was crucial in solidifying Ghori's dominance in northern India. Ghori's victory over Jai Chandra allowed him to extend his control over territories like Kanauj and further secure his position in India.

What were the consequences of the defeat of King Mulraj II of Gujarat by Muhammad Ghori in 1178 AD?

The defeat of King Mulraj II in 1178 AD marked Muhammad Ghori's first significant setback. Although Ghori later resumed his invasions, this defeat demonstrated that the local Indian rulers were capable of resisting his forces, leading to a more prolonged and complex campaign for control of India.

How did Qutbuddin Aibak contribute to the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate?

Qutbuddin Aibak, a former slave of Muhammad Ghori, played a pivotal role in the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate. After Ghori's death, Aibak took control of Ghori's territories, including Delhi and Ajmer. He strengthened Islamic rule in northern India and built important structures like the Qutb Minar and the Qutub ul-Islam mosque.