Perbankkan dan Asuransi syariah: Pengertian Asuransi Syariah (Part 8)

Summary

This script provides an insightful explanation of **asuransi syariah** (Islamic insurance), highlighting its key principles and how it differs from conventional insurance. It explores the Islamic perspective on risk, emphasizing community responsibility and mutual cooperation rather than individual risk transfer. The speaker compares Islamic insurance's adherence to Islamic law with conventional insurance's uncertain and often exploitative practices. Benefits of Islamic insurance are presented, such as fairness, transparency, and alignment with Islamic values. The script stresses how **shariah** principles offer a universal, ethical alternative to conventional models, making it an ideal choice for Muslims and non-Muslims alike.

Takeaways

• 😀 Asuransi syariah is based on the Islamic principle of cooperation and mutual help in times of crisis.
• 😀 The term 'asuransi' originates from the Dutch word meaning 'insurance' and is known in Arabic as 'At-Tamin,' which refers to protection or safety.
• 😀 In Islam, insurance is considered a part of muamalah (social transactions), and the key principle is that any insurance product must comply with Islamic law (Sharia).
• 😀 According to Islamic scholars, Sharia-compliant insurance is allowed (Jaiz), while conventional insurance is considered haram due to non-compliance with Islamic principles.
• 😀 Islam teaches that facing disasters, such as death or accidents, is a communal issue, and it should not be burdened solely by an individual.
• 😀 Muslims believe that Allah (SWT) is the ultimate source of protection, and as such, insurance serves as a means of mutual protection and sharing of risks.
• 😀 The core principle of Sharia insurance is risk-sharing, where the collective community helps to mitigate individual risks and losses.
• 😀 Conventional insurance, in contrast, works on the principle of risk transfer, where a premium is paid to transfer the risk to the insurance company.
• 😀 One key flaw of conventional insurance is that it involves the sale of uncertain future risk, which is inconsistent with Islamic law that requires certainty in contracts.
• 😀 Sharia insurance does not recognize 'forfeited premiums' (i.e., where participants lose their premium if they cancel before the policy term ends). Any participant can withdraw their premium (minus any applicable charges).
• 😀 Sharia-compliant insurance can also appeal to non-Muslim communities as it follows principles of fairness and justice that can be universally accepted.

Q & A

What is the definition of Islamic insurance?

Islamic insurance, also known as Takaful, is a cooperative model in which participants share risks collectively, adhering to the principles of Shariah law. It involves mutual assistance to provide protection against various risks such as death, accidents, and natural disasters.

What is the origin of the term 'insurance'?

The term 'insurance' originates from the Dutch word 'assurantie,' meaning coverage or protection. In Arabic, it is referred to as 'Takaful,' which signifies mutual assistance and protection from harm.

How does Islamic insurance align with Islamic principles?

Islamic insurance aligns with the principle of Tawhid (the oneness of God), where individuals recognize that calamities are from Allah and that it is a collective responsibility to share the risks. It adheres to the principles of fairness, justice, and mutual cooperation, which are core to Islam.

What are the key principles of Islamic insurance?

The key principles of Islamic insurance include mutual cooperation in sharing risk, ensuring no uncertainty (Gharar) or interest (Riba), and providing transparency in agreements. It focuses on collective responsibility rather than individual risk transfer.

What is the difference between risk sharing in Islamic insurance and risk transfer in conventional insurance?

In Islamic insurance, the risk is shared collectively by the participants, who contribute to a common pool. In contrast, conventional insurance involves transferring the risk to the insurance company by paying premiums, which may involve uncertainty and interest.

Why is conventional insurance considered problematic in Islam?

Conventional insurance is considered problematic in Islam because it often involves elements of Riba (interest) and Gharar (uncertainty), both of which are prohibited in Islam. Additionally, it may involve speculation or gambling, which is also discouraged.

What is the significance of mutual cooperation in Islamic insurance?

Mutual cooperation is a central concept in Islamic insurance. It ensures that participants, rather than bearing the entire risk individually, share the burden of misfortunes. This is based on the Islamic principle of helping one another in times of distress, which is in line with the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith.

How does Islamic insurance handle withdrawal or cancellation of a policy?

In Islamic insurance, if a participant decides to cancel their policy, they can typically reclaim most of their contributions, unlike conventional insurance where premiums may be forfeited. However, some small contributions may be designated for charity and cannot be refunded.

How does Islamic insurance benefit both Muslims and non-Muslims?

Islamic insurance offers Muslims a Shariah-compliant option that aligns with their religious beliefs, avoiding interest and uncertainty. Non-Muslims may also be attracted to its fair and cooperative nature, as it emphasizes social responsibility, fairness, and mutual benefit.

Why is the concept of 'Dana Hangus' (forfeited premium) not present in Islamic insurance?

The concept of 'Dana Hangus' is not present in Islamic insurance because it operates on the basis of mutual cooperation. Participants contribute to a shared pool, and if they decide to withdraw, they can recover most of their contributions. The system does not involve penalties or forfeited premiums.