CARA MENGHITUNG KESEIMBANGAN PASAR SETELAH SUBSIDI

Summary

This video explains the concept of market equilibrium before and after a subsidy, emphasizing how subsidies impact supply and demand. The subsidy reduces production costs for producers, leading to lower prices and higher quantities supplied. The video demonstrates this with various examples, showing how subsidies shift the supply curve and affect market equilibrium. By solving equations for demand and supply before and after the subsidy, the video provides a step-by-step guide on calculating the new equilibrium price and quantity. The overall message is that subsidies can help balance market conditions by lowering prices and increasing supply.

Takeaways

• 😀 Subsidies are financial assistance provided by the government to producers, aimed at reducing prices for consumers and increasing the quantity of goods in the market.
• 😀 A subsidy reduces the price producers need to receive for each unit of a product, shifting the supply curve downward.
• 😀 The supply function before a subsidy can be represented as P = f(Q), where P is price and Q is quantity.
• 😀 After a subsidy, the supply function becomes P = f(Q) - S, where S is the subsidy per unit.
• 😀 A decrease in price and an increase in quantity occur when a subsidy is applied, as demonstrated by changes in supply functions before and after the subsidy.
• 😀 The equilibrium in the market is determined by setting the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied.
• 😀 In the example, the supply function before subsidy is QS = -4 + 2P, and after applying a subsidy, it becomes QS = -4 + 2P + 2.
• 😀 The subsidy causes a decrease in the equilibrium price and an increase in the equilibrium quantity, as shown by solving the demand and supply equations after subsidy.
• 😀 For instance, in the first example, after solving for equilibrium, the price is 3 and the quantity is 6 after the subsidy is applied.
• 😀 The process of calculating market equilibrium after a subsidy involves adjusting the supply function, solving for the price, and substituting that value into the demand function to find the quantity.

Q & A

What is the definition of a subsidy in the context of this video?

A subsidy is a government expenditure provided to producers in order to reduce the selling price of goods, making them more affordable for consumers.

How does a subsidy affect the supply curve in the market?

A subsidy decreases the cost of production for producers, which shifts the supply curve downward (or to the right), leading to a lower price and higher quantity supplied.

What happens to the price and quantity of goods after a subsidy is introduced?

After a subsidy is introduced, the price of goods decreases, and the quantity of goods supplied increases due to the shift in the supply curve.

What is the supply function before a subsidy is applied?

The supply function before a subsidy is given can be represented as Qs = f(P), where P is the price of the good, and Qs is the quantity supplied.

How does the supply function change after a subsidy is applied?

After a subsidy, the supply function becomes Qs = f(P + S), where S represents the subsidy amount. This shifts the supply curve down by the amount of the subsidy.

In the first example, what is the equilibrium price and quantity after the subsidy of Rp2?

After the subsidy of Rp2, the equilibrium price is 3, and the equilibrium quantity is 6.

How is the equilibrium quantity and price calculated after a subsidy?

The equilibrium price and quantity are calculated by setting the demand function equal to the adjusted supply function after the subsidy is applied, then solving for the price (P) and quantity (Q).

What is the subsidy amount in the second example, and how does it affect the supply function?

In the second example, the subsidy amount is Rp10 per unit. This reduces the price of goods, shifting the supply function down, from Ps = 5Q + 20 to Ps = 5Q + 10.

What is the new equilibrium price and quantity in the second example after the subsidy?

In the second example, after the subsidy of Rp10, the equilibrium price is 35, and the equilibrium quantity is 5.

Why is it important to understand how subsidies impact market equilibrium?

Understanding how subsidies impact market equilibrium is crucial because they influence the pricing and availability of goods, which affects both producers and consumers in the market.