EDB 8 [Lekcja 6 - Zagrożenia pożarowe]

Summary

This video discusses the common causes of fires and the essential steps to take if one occurs. It covers the risks associated with flammable materials, improper handling of pyrotechnics, and electrical malfunctions, along with specific fire safety measures. Viewers will learn about fire prevention strategies, how to use fire extinguishing equipment, and the importance of evacuation procedures. The video also emphasizes safety actions, like cutting off gas and electricity, and ensuring safe breathing when evacuating. Lastly, it introduces various types of fire safety equipment and how to use them effectively.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fire is the uncontrolled spread of flames that poses a threat to people and property.
• 😀 Common causes of fires include improper handling of flammable materials, such as cigarettes, matches, and fireworks.
• 😀 Other causes include faulty electrical devices, candles, lanterns, and improper disposal of glass objects or cigarette butts.
• 😀 Lightning strikes, trains, and the burning of fields during spring can also ignite fires.
• 😀 In case of a fire, the first step is to ensure the safety of people, followed by securing animals and valuables.
• 😀 To stop a fire, it's important to cut off electricity and gas supplies, and try to smother the flames with water or other methods.
• 😀 Never attempt to extinguish fires involving electrical equipment with water, and avoid synthetic materials that ignite easily.
• 😀 Always call the fire department immediately, and ensure safe evacuation of people from the building, starting with the most vulnerable.
• 😀 When evacuating, protect your airways from smoke by using a wet cloth and moving low to the ground to avoid toxic fumes.
• 😀 Fire safety signs and equipment, like extinguishers and alarms, should be visible and easily accessible in buildings, with clear pathways leading to them.

Q & A

What is the primary cause of fires mentioned in the transcript?

The primary causes of fires include improper handling of flammable materials, such as cigarettes, matches, and fireworks, especially near gas stations, careless use of candles and oil lamps, and the ignition of soot in chimneys. Lightning strikes and the discarding of glass objects and cigarette butts are also mentioned as common causes.

What should you do when a fire breaks out in a building?

When a fire breaks out, the first step is to check the situation and assess the extent of the fire. If possible, cut off the electrical power and gas supply, and try to suppress the fire in its early stages by blocking the air supply (e.g., using water or covering it with a fire blanket). Call the fire department immediately and prioritize evacuating people safely.

How should you react to smoke inhalation during a fire?

If you are caught in smoke, use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to protect your respiratory system. Move on all fours as the smoke rises, and close doors to prevent smoke from spreading further. Only open windows or doors to exit the building or to assist others.

What is the significance of fire protection signs?

Fire protection signs are essential for indicating safety equipment and evacuation routes. They are designed to be visible, even in low-light conditions, and guide people to fire safety devices like extinguishers or fire alarms. These signs are also important in ensuring quick access to fire safety equipment during emergencies.

What are the types of fire extinguishing agents mentioned in the transcript?

The fire extinguishing agents mentioned include water, sand, dry chemical powders, and gases such as CO2, which displaces oxygen and helps suppress the fire.

What is the role of a fire extinguisher in fire suppression?

A fire extinguisher is used to put out fires by releasing a fire suppression agent, typically under pressure. For example, a dry powder extinguisher requires pulling the safety pin, aiming the nozzle at the base of the fire, and pressing the lever to release the powder.

What are the safety precautions when using a fire extinguisher?

When using a fire extinguisher, ensure that you aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, not at the flames. Pull the safety pin, press the handle, and move the extinguisher from side to side to effectively suppress the fire. Do not attempt to extinguish an electrical fire with a water-based extinguisher.

How should you behave if your clothing catches fire?

If your clothing catches fire, do not run as this will spread the flames. Instead, drop to the ground and roll, or if available, use a fire blanket or a wet cloth to extinguish the flames. This helps suffocate the fire by cutting off the oxygen supply.

What is the role of a hydrant in fire safety?

A hydrant is a valve connected to a water supply, installed outside buildings or along streets. It provides firefighters with quick access to a water source to fight large fires. Internal hydrants are found within buildings, typically in specially designated rooms or sections.

What steps should be followed during an evacuation in case of fire?

During a fire evacuation, it is crucial to follow safety instructions, secure airways by covering your nose and mouth, and exit calmly. Move to the designated assembly points, where emergency services will guide further actions. In public buildings, such as schools or offices, follow the established fire safety procedures.