What types of STEAM TURBINES?

Summary

This video explores the differences between condensation and backpressure steam turbines. Condensation turbines operate under a vacuum and are used for maximizing power generation by fully condensing steam. Backpressure turbines, on the other hand, maintain higher outlet pressures, allowing steam to be reused for industrial processes. The video also covers steam extraction methods, including controlled and uncontrolled extractions, and the reheating process to boost turbine efficiency. Ultimately, the video provides a clear understanding of these turbines' roles in both power generation and industrial applications, with a focus on optimizing energy efficiency.

Takeaways

• 😀 Condensation turbines operate at a lower pressure than atmospheric pressure, converting steam into water and losing all energy during the process.
• 😀 Back-pressure turbines maintain a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure, allowing steam to be used for industrial processes after leaving the turbine.
• 😀 Condensation turbines are mainly used in thermal power plants for electricity generation as they can extract the most energy from steam.
• 😀 Back-pressure turbines are ideal for cogeneration, providing both electricity and thermal energy for industrial heating processes.
• 😀 Extraction turbines allow steam to be removed at different stages, and can be controlled or uncontrolled depending on the load and process requirements.
• 😀 Controlled extraction ensures precise regulation of steam pressure and temperature for industrial processes, while uncontrolled extraction is simpler and less regulated.
• 😀 Condensation turbines are highly efficient in power generation, as they don't require additional industrial processes, maximizing steam energy extraction.
• 😀 Back-pressure turbines are cost-effective for industries that need both electricity and heat, reducing fuel usage by reusing steam for heating purposes.
• 😀 Extraction turbines are classified into controlled and uncontrolled extraction types, with controlled extractions ensuring stable and consistent steam supply.
• 😀 Key differences between turbines include pressure (condensation = vacuum, back-pressure = higher pressure), energy efficiency (condensation more efficient for power), and flexibility (extraction provides steam regulation for industrial processes).

Q & A

What is the main difference between condensation turbines and back pressure turbines?

The main difference is that condensation turbines operate with a lower pressure than atmospheric pressure, causing steam to condense and be lost as liquid. In contrast, back pressure turbines have a higher outlet pressure than atmospheric, allowing for greater energy extraction and the steam to be reused in industrial processes.

Why is the steam in condensation turbines lost to power generation?

In condensation turbines, the steam loses energy as it passes through the turbine and condenses into a liquid, making it no longer suitable for power generation.

What role does a condenser play in condensation turbines?

The condenser removes heat from the steam after it exits the turbine, cooling it down and turning it back into liquid. This process is crucial for maintaining the low pressure necessary for these turbines to function.

How does the pressure of steam in back pressure turbines affect their operation?

In back pressure turbines, the steam leaves the turbine at a pressure higher than atmospheric, which allows for greater steam expansion and more efficient energy extraction. This higher pressure enables the steam to be used for other industrial processes.

What is the advantage of using back pressure turbines in industrial applications?

Back pressure turbines are advantageous because they allow the steam to be reused for industrial processes like heating or other energy needs, improving overall system efficiency by combining power generation and thermal energy production.

What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled extraction in turbines?

Controlled extraction involves the removal of steam at specific stages in the turbine, with pressure regulated to maintain consistency, especially for processes requiring stable conditions. Uncontrolled extraction, on the other hand, allows steam to be removed without precise pressure control, making it simpler and cheaper but less suitable for processes needing constant pressure.

Why are controlled extraction turbines preferred for industrial processes?

Controlled extraction turbines are preferred because they provide consistent steam pressure, which is essential for industrial processes that require stable operating conditions.

What is the purpose of induction and reheating in turbine operations?

Induction and reheating involve returning steam to the turbine after it has been used, allowing it to expand again and further improve the turbine's efficiency by extracting more energy from the steam.

How does the efficiency of controlled extraction turbines compare to uncontrolled ones?

Controlled extraction turbines typically offer higher efficiency because they maintain stable pressure, which is beneficial for industrial processes. Uncontrolled extraction turbines are simpler and cheaper but generally less efficient due to pressure variability.

What are the common applications of condensation turbines versus back pressure turbines?

Condensation turbines are commonly used in power generation where steam is discarded after use, while back pressure turbines are used in cogeneration systems that provide both electricity and thermal energy for industrial processes.