Perhitungan Persedian Barang Dagang | Metode FIFO | Sistem Perpetual

Summary

In this tutorial, the presenter explains the FIFO (First In, First Out) inventory method using the perpetual system. The video walks through inventory management by showcasing real-life examples, including purchases, sales, and calculations of ending inventory and Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). It contrasts the perpetual system with the periodic system, demonstrating how inventory is tracked continuously in real-time with FIFO. Detailed calculations for various transactions, such as purchases, sales, and adjustments, help viewers understand the impact on inventory and gross profit. The session provides valuable insights for accounting students and professionals looking to master inventory valuation.

Takeaways

• 😀 FIFO is a method used to calculate inventory, where the first items purchased are the first to be sold.
• 😀 The perpetual inventory system tracks inventory updates in real-time after each purchase or sale.
• 😀 The FIFO method ensures that the oldest stock is sold first, which is useful for businesses with perishable or time-sensitive goods.
• 😀 A key distinction between perpetual and periodic systems: perpetual updates inventory continuously, while periodic only does so at the end of a period.
• 😀 In FIFO, when items are sold, their cost is based on the purchase price of the earliest inventory, which impacts the cost of goods sold (COGS).
• 😀 To calculate COGS and gross profit, businesses must first calculate inventory using methods like FIFO and then subtract it from total sales.
• 😀 Each sale transaction is recorded with the number of units sold and their respective prices, impacting the remaining stock and financial figures.
• 😀 The value of remaining inventory is recalculated after each sale, ensuring accurate reporting of stock on hand at any point in time.
• 😀 The calculation for gross profit involves subtracting COGS from total sales revenue, a critical measure of business profitability.
• 😀 The script includes a practical example of inventory management, showing the step-by-step process of tracking purchases, sales, and inventory changes.
• 😀 The script concludes by emphasizing the importance of accurate inventory management for financial reporting and business decision-making.

Q & A

What are the two main inventory systems mentioned in the script?

The two main inventory systems mentioned are the perpetual system and the periodic system. The perpetual system updates inventory after every transaction, while the periodic system calculates inventory at the end of the period.

What is the FIFO method, and how is it used in the script?

FIFO stands for 'First In, First Out.' It is a method where the first items purchased are the first ones sold. In the script, the FIFO method is applied to determine the cost of goods sold, where the earliest purchased inventory is sold first.

What is the key difference between the perpetual and periodic inventory systems?

The key difference is that the perpetual system tracks inventory in real-time with each transaction, while the periodic system only updates inventory at the end of the accounting period.

How are purchases and sales tracked in the FIFO method according to the script?

Under the FIFO method, purchases are added to the inventory, and when a sale occurs, the items sold are taken from the earliest purchased stock, ensuring the oldest inventory is sold first.

How do you calculate the cost of goods sold (HPP) in the perpetual system using FIFO?

The cost of goods sold (HPP) is calculated by multiplying the number of units sold by the cost of the oldest inventory first. The script demonstrates this by using transactions where inventory is sold at different times and prices.

What happens to the inventory when all units of one type are sold in FIFO?

When all units of one type are sold, such as the green books in the script, that inventory is considered exhausted, and the next inventory (e.g., blue books) is used to fulfill subsequent sales.

What is the process for calculating gross profit (laba kotor) from sales in the script?

To calculate the gross profit, you subtract the cost of goods sold (HPP) from the total sales revenue. The script details sales transactions with corresponding unit prices to compute total sales, then subtracts the calculated HPP.

How does the script handle stock updates when inventory is sold?

When inventory is sold, the script updates the remaining stock by reducing the quantities of the sold items, ensuring that the remaining stock reflects the actual inventory after each transaction.

Why is the FIFO method preferred in certain situations, as shown in the script?

The FIFO method is often preferred because it ensures that older inventory is sold first, which can be beneficial for perishable goods or when inventory is subject to price fluctuations over time.

How do inventory purchases impact the balance sheet under the perpetual system?

In the perpetual system, each purchase increases the inventory balance immediately. The script illustrates this by showing how purchases are added to inventory, and then the sale of those items decreases the inventory in real-time.