PSICOLOGIA JURÍDICA PARA CONCURSOS DE PSICOLOGIA - INTRODUÇÃO À PSICOLOGIA JURÍDICA

Summary

This lesson introduces the field of legal psychology, tracing its historical roots and development. It explores the early connections between psychology and law, starting with criminological studies to understand criminal behavior and testimony validity. Key figures like Cesare Lombroso, Raffaele Garofalo, and Enrico Ferri shaped criminology, highlighting the shift from biological to sociological factors in crime. The script delves into the role of psychology in criminal investigations, memory, and testimony, while discussing the emergence of legal psychology in the 20th century. It also covers the controversial issues like criminological exams and the evolving role of psychologists in the penal system.

Takeaways

• 😀 The relationship between psychology and law began with criminology, where legal scholars needed psychological knowledge to understand criminal behavior and the validity of testimonies.
• 😀 Cesare Lombroso, a famous criminologist, proposed that criminal behavior was inherent and could be identified through physical traits, a theory later debunked as pseudoscience.
• 😀 Lombroso's work was the foundation of positivist criminology, which linked crime to biological factors like physical features and cranial measurements.
• 😀 Rafael Garofalo transitioned criminology from a strictly biological perspective to a more sociological approach, acknowledging social and cultural factors in criminal behavior.
• 😀 Enrico Ferri further expanded criminology by emphasizing the social and economic environments in which criminals live, moving away from the idea of people being 'born criminal.'
• 😀 Early psychological studies in France focused on the reliability of testimonies from witnesses, especially children, and questioned the validity of using their statements in criminal trials.
• 😀 The birth of forensic psychology was heavily influenced by criminological research and psychological testing, including evaluations of memory, false testimonies, and interrogation methods.
• 😀 The historical context of psychology in law was marked by social exclusion, as the period focused on segregating those deemed 'abnormal' or 'criminal,' especially in institutions like mental hospitals.
• 😀 In the 20th century, psychology played a significant role in the transition from classical penal law to positivist criminal law, where the focus shifted from the crime to the criminal individual.
• 😀 The 1984 Brazilian law (LEP) marked a shift towards more humane treatment in the penal system, requiring psychologists to be part of prison committees and contributing to the development of psychological evaluations for inmates.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lesson in the video script?

The lesson primarily focuses on introducing forensic psychology, its history, and how it has developed through its relationship with criminal law and criminology.

How did forensic psychology first begin according to the script?

Forensic psychology began through the criminological analysis of criminal behavior, where jurists sought the psychological insights to understand why crimes were committed, assess the validity of witness testimony, and analyze evidence from a psychological perspective.

What role did Cesare Lombroso play in the development of criminology?

Cesare Lombroso is considered the father of positivist criminology, and he introduced the idea that criminal behavior was an inherent trait, with physical and biological features distinguishing criminals from non-criminals.

What was Lombroso's controversial theory about criminals?

Lombroso believed that criminals were born with physical characteristics that made them predisposed to committing crimes, such as certain cranial measurements and anatomical features.

How did Rafael Garofalo expand on Lombroso's theory?

Rafael Garofalo extended Lombroso's ideas by incorporating sociological factors, emphasizing that crime was not only a result of biological predisposition but also influenced by social and cultural factors.

What was the contribution of Enrico Ferri to criminology?

Enrico Ferri further developed criminology by focusing on the role of social and economic environments in criminal behavior, arguing that crime was intrinsically linked to one's social circumstances.

What was the shift in the understanding of crime during the positivist criminology era?

The shift was from focusing solely on the crime itself to investigating the individual committing the crime, leading to the inclusion of psychological analysis of the criminal personality and behavior.

How did forensic psychology emerge in France in the late 1800s?

Forensic psychology emerged in France in the context of studying serious crimes, such as homicide, and began focusing on the reliability of witness testimony, particularly the testimony of children who witnessed crimes.

What were the initial studies of forensic psychology focused on?

The initial studies were centered on criminological analysis and the psychology of testimony, specifically examining the accuracy and reliability of witness accounts, including the possibility of false memories and the influence of trauma.

What role did forensic psychology play in the development of legal and penal systems in Brazil?

Forensic psychology in Brazil began to develop in the 20th century, particularly with the 1945 publication of the 'Manual of Forensic Psychology' by Mira and Lopes. This manual helped solidify the role of psychology in legal proceedings, including psychological evaluations in criminal cases.

What significant legal change regarding psychology occurred with the passage of the 1984 Penal Execution Law (LEP) in Brazil?

The 1984 Penal Execution Law (LEP) marked a significant change by formally including psychologists in penal systems, requiring the establishment of a committee with a psychologist, psychiatrist, and social worker to assess prisoners' conditions and classify them accordingly.

What controversy surrounds the criminal examination (exame criminológico) in Brazil's legal system?

The criminal examination (exame criminológico) is controversial because it aims to predict whether an individual will commit further crimes. Critics argue that it contributes to exclusionary practices and raises ethical concerns about predicting future criminal behavior, especially when conducted by psychologists.

Why is the inclusion of psychologists in the criminal justice system important?

The inclusion of psychologists is important because they provide critical expertise in understanding criminal behavior, evaluating mental health, and ensuring that individuals in the justice system are treated with dignity and fairness, helping to inform rehabilitation efforts.

How did the application of psychological tests contribute to the development of forensic psychology?

Psychological tests were instrumental in the development of forensic psychology as they helped establish reliable methods for evaluating criminal behavior, the mental state of defendants, and the credibility of witnesses, thus strengthening the integration of psychology with the legal system.