MATERI MIKROKONTROLER

Summary

This video introduces microcontrollers, which are small embedded computers that serve as the brain of many electronic devices. It explains the difference between microcontrollers and microprocessors, highlighting the evolution of microcontrollers from their creation in 1974 to modern-day devices as small as 1.05mm. The video also covers essential components, such as the power circuit, clock, reset circuit, and programming chip, that work together for a microcontroller to function. With advancements in technology, microcontrollers have made electronics and robotics more accessible, enabling even beginners to create their own electronic projects.

Takeaways

• 😀 A microcontroller is a small embedded computer on a chip, also known as a system-on-chip.
• 😀 Unlike a microprocessor, which only contains the processor core, a microcontroller includes the processor, memory, and interfaces.
• 😀 Microcontrollers were first developed in 1974 by Texas Instruments, with the PMS 1000 being the first 4-bit embedded microcomputer.
• 😀 Early microcontrollers were about the size of a pencil eraser, but modern microcontrollers can be as small as 1.05 mm in volume.
• 😀 The size of a modern microcontroller is so small that it's like searching for a needle in a haystack, but with rice instead of hay.
• 😀 A microcontroller cannot function properly without its supporting components, collectively called a 'minimum system' (sysmin).
• 😀 The sysmin consists of power supply, clock circuits, reset circuits, and a chip programmer.
• 😀 Microcontrollers can be programmed repeatedly using languages like BASIC, C, and Assembly, which are then translated into machine language.
• 😀 There are many microcontroller boards with additional input/output pins and peripherals like Ethernet ports, serial ports, and external memory slots.
• 😀 Popular microcontroller boards include Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Adafruit, but there are many other options available.
• 😀 The advent of microcontrollers has revolutionized the electronics world, making it easier for everyone, even kids, to build electronic devices and robots.

Q & A

What is a microcontroller?

A microcontroller is a small computer embedded in a chip, also known as a system-on-chip (SoC), which contains a processor core, memory, and interfaces. It is used as the brain of smart electronic devices.

How is a microcontroller different from a microprocessor?

A microprocessor only contains the processing unit, whereas a microcontroller includes the processor, memory, and additional components such as interfaces, making it a more complete system for controlling devices.

When was the first microcontroller created and by which company?

The first microcontroller was created in 1974 by Texas Instruments, with the PMS 1000 series. It was a 4-bit microcomputer embedded in a chip.

What was the size of the first microcontroller?

The first microcontroller was about the size of a pencil eraser, which at the time was considered quite large for such technology.

What is the smallest microcontroller today?

Today, the smallest microcontroller has a volume of only 1.05 mm, which is smaller than a single grain of rice.

What is a 'minimum system' or 'sysmin' in the context of microcontrollers?

A 'minimum system' or 'sysmin' refers to the essential components required for a microcontroller to function, including power supply, clock circuit, reset circuit, and a programming chip.

What role does the clock circuit play in a microcontroller system?

The clock circuit provides digital pulses that drive the timing and operation of the microcontroller, essentially acting as its heart.

How can microcontrollers be programmed?

Microcontrollers can be programmed using languages such as BASIC, C, and assembly. The code is translated into machine language (binary) and stored in the microcontroller's memory.

What is the role of a programming chip in microcontrollers?

The programming chip is responsible for writing the program onto the microcontroller's memory, allowing it to execute the desired tasks.

What are some popular microcontroller platforms?

Some popular microcontroller platforms include Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Adafruit boards, which offer a wide range of features and peripherals for various electronic projects.