Kaidah 'Am (Lafadz Umum dalam Al-Qur'an) | Materi Fiqih kelas XII Madrasah Aliyah

Summary

In this video, the speaker explores the concept of 'Am' (general terms) in the Quran, detailing how certain words encompass broad meanings without restrictions. The speaker highlights examples like 'insan' (humanity), 'kullu' (each), and other linguistic markers used to express universal truths in the Quran. Various forms of 'Am' are explained, such as singular, plural, and those used in conjunction with specific grammar rules. The video also touches on related principles in Islamic jurisprudence (usul fiqh), including how general terms impact legal rulings and their broader implications in everyday life.

Takeaways

• 😀 The term 'am' in Arabic refers to something general, widespread, or inclusive, both in language and meaning.
• 😀 According to Islamic scholars, 'am' in the Quran includes terms that convey broad, unrestricted meanings, such as the term 'insan' (human), which refers to all humans, both Muslims and non-Muslims.
• 😀 Common 'am' terms found in the Quran include 'kull' (every) and 'jamia' (all), indicating inclusivity, as seen in Quranic verses like 'kullunafsin zaaiqotul maut' (every soul shall taste death).
• 😀 The Arabic term 'azzaniatu' (the adulteress) in the Quran signifies that the punishment applies to all individuals who commit adultery, regardless of their gender.
• 😀 'Am' can also refer to categories such as a singular or plural noun with definite articles, like 'al-mutlaq' (the divorced woman), which refers to all women who have been divorced.
• 😀 'Am' also applies when words are defined with the genitive construction, like 'nikmat Allah' (the blessings of Allah), which refers to all kinds of blessings Allah bestows upon humanity.
• 😀 In the Quran, relative pronouns ('alladziina') and interrogative words ('ma', 'man', etc.) also convey general meanings, highlighting that they can refer to all individuals or things without specific restriction.
• 😀 The Quran teaches that divine help ('Nasrulloh') is always near and can manifest at any time, reflecting the broad, inclusive nature of Allah's aid.
• 😀 The principle of 'kaidah' (rule) in Islamic jurisprudence emphasizes that 'am' terms are still general and do not directly dictate specific legal rulings unless further specified.
• 😀 Some key rules in fiqh related to 'am' include the concepts of 'al-mukhotib' (the speaker) being included in the general rule and 'al-bayyinah' (clear evidence) being necessary to specify any exceptions to the broad application of 'am' terms.

Q & A

What does the term 'am' mean in Arabic?

'Am' in Arabic generally refers to something that is widespread or inclusive. It denotes a meaning that encompasses a broad range of subjects without specific limitations, indicating a general or universal interpretation.

How do various scholars define the term 'am' in the context of the Quran?

According to scholars like Abul Husein Al-Bishri and Imam As-Syaukani, 'am' refers to a term in the Quran that shows a meaning that is universally applicable without limiting the number of entities or individuals it refers to. This includes both tangible and abstract concepts.

Can you explain how the term 'insan' (human) in Surah Al-Asr exemplifies 'am'?

In Surah Al-Asr (2-3), the word 'insan' refers to all human beings without discrimination, including both Muslims and non-Muslims. It demonstrates the general and universal nature of 'am,' as it includes everyone in the meaning of 'human.'

What role do terms like 'kullu' and 'jamie' play in demonstrating 'am'?

'Kullu' and 'jamie' are Arabic terms used to indicate completeness or totality, emphasizing that the meaning applies universally. For example, in Surah Al-Baqarah 2:29, 'kullu' is used to state that all living beings on earth are included under Allah's creation for human benefit.

What is the significance of the term 'azzaniatu' in Surah An-Nur?

In Surah An-Nur (2), 'azzaniatu' refers to both men and women who commit adultery. The general interpretation of 'am' in this context highlights that anyone guilty of zina (adultery), regardless of gender, must be punished in the same manner, as specified in the verse.

How does 'al-mutlaq' in Surah Al-Baqarah apply to the concept of 'am'?

'Al-mutlaq,' in Surah Al-Baqarah 2:228, is a term related to 'am,' as it refers to the general rule of women who have been divorced. The verse implies that all women who experience divorce must wait for three 'quru' (menstrual cycles) before remarrying, applying this rule universally to all such women.

How do 'ism maushul' and 'ism nakiroh' illustrate 'am' in the Quran?

The terms 'ism maushul' (relative pronouns) and 'ism nakiroh' (indefinite nouns) are used in the Quran to express meanings that are general or unspecific. For instance, in the example from the hadith about hijrah, 'ism nakiroh' is used to generalize that all Muslims who migrate after the conquest of Makkah are not considered to have made hijrah.

What is the kaidah (principle) of 'keumuman tidak menggambarkan suatu hukum'?

This kaidah explains that a general statement (keumuman) does not necessarily convey a specific legal ruling (hukum). It means that while the term 'am' is widespread, it does not directly indicate a clear-cut legal decision unless further context is provided.

How does the kaidah 'al-maghfur lah woman makna tersirat' apply to the interpretation of the Quran?

This kaidah explains that a word or phrase in the Quran can have an implied or inferred meaning, which may still be general and not fully specific. For example, the phrase 'ah' (expression of frustration or disrespect) in Surah Al-Isra (23) can carry a broader moral prohibition against disrespectful speech, even though the verse does not specify every possible negative expression.

What does the kaidah 'Al mukhotib Uya duhulu Vi umum yg hobi' imply for the command in Islamic law?

This kaidah suggests that when a command is given to a specific person, that individual is bound by it. However, it also implies that the person issuing the command must also comply with the general rule. For example, if a teacher commands students to arrive on time, the teacher must also adhere to this rule.