Degrees of Comparison ~ Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Summary

This video explains the basics of comparative and superlative adjectives in English. It introduces adjectives as words that describe nouns and demonstrates how to form their comparative (e.g., taller) and superlative (e.g., tallest) forms. The video covers rules for one-syllable adjectives, those ending in 'y', and adjectives with two or more syllables. It also explains irregular adjective forms, like 'good' becoming 'better' and 'best'. Practical examples, including comparisons of people and objects, help reinforce these concepts, making it a helpful guide for beginners learning English comparison structures.

Takeaways

• 😀 Adjectives (kata sifat) are words used to describe or characterize nouns, like 'big,' 'small,' 'beautiful,' and 'handsome.'
• 😀 Comparative adjectives are used to compare two things, typically formed by adding '-er' to a one-syllable adjective or using 'more' for multi-syllable adjectives.
• 😀 Superlative adjectives are used to describe the highest or lowest degree of something in a group, formed by adding '-est' to one-syllable adjectives or 'most' for longer adjectives.
• 😀 To make comparison sentences, we need at least two objects or people to compare using comparative or superlative forms.
• 😀 For adjectives with one syllable (like 'tall'), the comparative form adds '-er' and the superlative form adds '-est' (e.g., 'tall' → 'taller' → 'tallest').
• 😀 Adjectives ending in '-y' (like 'happy') form the comparative by changing '-y' to '-ier' and the superlative by changing it to '-iest' (e.g., 'happy' → 'happier' → 'happiest').
• 😀 Adjectives with two or more syllables (excluding those ending in '-y') use 'more' for the comparative and 'most' for the superlative (e.g., 'beautiful' → 'more beautiful' → 'most beautiful').
• 😀 Irregular adjectives change completely in their comparative and superlative forms (e.g., 'good' → 'better' → 'best'; 'bad' → 'worse' → 'worst').
• 😀 Examples of comparative and superlative adjectives include 'short' → 'shorter' → 'shortest', and 'fast' → 'faster' → 'fastest.'
• 😀 To create comparison sentences, we often use visual aids, like comparing objects such as an apple and a cherry to show the difference in size (e.g., 'The apple is bigger than the cherry.').

Q & A

What is the main focus of this video?

The video focuses on teaching about adjectives, their comparative and superlative forms, and how to use them to make comparison sentences in English.

What is an adjective, as explained in the video?

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun, providing additional information about it. For example, 'tall', 'beautiful', 'small', and 'handsome' are all adjectives.

How do you form a comparative adjective in English?

To form a comparative adjective, you typically add the suffix '-er' to an adjective with one syllable, or use 'more' with adjectives that have more than one syllable.

What is the difference between a comparative and superlative adjective?

A comparative adjective is used to compare two things, showing which one has more of a quality. A superlative adjective is used to show the highest degree of a quality among three or more things.

Can you give an example of a sentence using a comparative adjective?

Sure! For example: 'Yusuf is taller than Tony.' In this sentence, 'taller' is the comparative form of 'tall'.

What is the superlative form of the adjective 'tall'?

The superlative form of 'tall' is 'tallest'. For example: 'Mr. Albert is the tallest of all.'

What rule is followed for one-syllable adjectives ending in 'e'?

For one-syllable adjectives ending in 'e', you simply add '-r' for the comparative form and '-st' for the superlative form. For example: 'nice' becomes 'nicer' (comparative) and 'nicest' (superlative).

How do you form comparatives for adjectives with consonant-vowel-consonant endings?

For adjectives ending with a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, you double the last consonant before adding '-er' for comparatives and '-est' for superlatives. For example: 'big' becomes 'bigger' (comparative) and 'biggest' (superlative).

What do you do for adjectives with two syllables ending in 'y'?

For adjectives with two syllables ending in 'y', you change the 'y' to 'i' and add '-er' for the comparative form and '-iest' for the superlative form. For example: 'happy' becomes 'happier' (comparative) and 'happiest' (superlative).

What are irregular adjectives, and can you provide examples?

Irregular adjectives do not follow the standard rules for forming comparatives and superlatives. Examples include 'good' (better, best) and 'bad' (worse, worst).