INDONESIA PADA MASA KEMERDEKAAN (1945-1950)

Summary

This script outlines the key events in Indonesia's path to independence. It covers Japan's declining position in World War II, the formation of BPUPKI to draft the nation's constitution, and the crucial discussions around the country's foundation, leading to the creation of Pancasila. The script also highlights the events surrounding Indonesia's declaration of independence on August 17, 1945, including the Rengasdengklok incident and the role of Soekarno, Hatta, and other leaders in the struggle for independence. The formation of the first government and key institutions follows, marking the birth of the Republic of Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 Japan's position in the Asia-Pacific war was weakening by the end of 1944, leading them to seek support from occupied nations by offering promises of independence.
• 😀 On September 7, 1944, Japanese Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso promised Indonesia independence, which was symbolized by the permission to fly the Indonesian flag alongside the Japanese one.
• 😀 The BPUPKI (Indonesian Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence) was formed in March 1945 to prepare Indonesia for independence, consisting of 63 members and chaired by Dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat.
• 😀 BPUPKI held two sessions: the first from May 29 to June 1, 1945, discussing the nation's foundation, and the second from July 10-17, 1945, focusing on drafting the Constitution.
• 😀 The idea of Pancasila as the foundation of Indonesia's state was proposed by Soekarno on June 1, 1945, during the first BPUPKI session and was later officially recognized as the national philosophy.
• 😀 The Piagam Jakarta (Jakarta Charter) was created by the Panitia Sembilan (Nine Committee) on June 22, 1945, after the first BPUPKI session, outlining the state's foundational principles.
• 😀 The second BPUPKI session culminated in the drafting of Indonesia's first Constitution and the establishment of Indonesia's form of government, with key documents presented by Soekarno and his team.
• 😀 The formation of the PPKI (Indonesian Preparatory Committee for Independence) was initiated after BPUPKI's dissolution in August 1945, with Soekarno as chairman and Hatta as vice-chairman.
• 😀 On August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, prompting Indonesian youth leaders to urge Soekarno and Hatta to declare independence immediately, leading to the Rengasdengklok incident.
• 😀 The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was officially declared on August 17, 1945, following a tense negotiation and the support of figures like Ahmad Soebardjo and others in the struggle for independence.

Q & A

What was Japan's position in the Asia-Pacific War by the end of 1944?

By the end of 1944, Japan was in a weakened position, with one by one, its occupied territories falling to Allied forces.

What promise did Japan make to Indonesia in 1944?

Japan promised Indonesia independence in 1944 and allowed the raising of the Indonesian flag alongside the Japanese flag at offices.

What was the purpose of the BPUPKI formed in March 1945?

The BPUPKI was formed to prepare for Indonesia's independence by discussing the formulation of the nation's constitution and principles.

What significant event occurred on June 1, 1945, regarding Indonesia's independence?

On June 1, 1945, Soekarno presented the five principles for the foundation of the state, later known as Pancasila, during a BPUPKI meeting.

What was the outcome of the second BPUPKI session in July 1945?

The second BPUPKI session resulted in the drafting of the Indonesian constitution, including the declaration of independence, the preamble, and the body of the constitution.

What was the role of the Panitia Sembilan formed after the first BPUPKI session?

The Panitia Sembilan was tasked with refining and finalizing the draft of Indonesia's state foundation, leading to the creation of the Piagam Jakarta.

What was the significance of the Rengasdengklok incident in August 1945?

The Rengasdengklok incident involved young nationalists taking Soekarno and Hatta to Rengasdengklok to pressure them into declaring independence after Japan's surrender.

How did the declaration of Indonesian independence occur on August 17, 1945?

On August 17, 1945, after confirmation of Japan's surrender, Soekarno and Hatta, with the support of Ahmad Soebardjo, proclaimed Indonesia's independence in Jakarta.

What were some of the key decisions made by the PPKI after Indonesia's independence was declared?

The PPKI ratified the 1945 Constitution, elected Soekarno and Hatta as President and Vice President, and divided Indonesia into provinces, among other administrative decisions.

How did Indonesia begin to establish its government and military after independence?

Indonesia began forming its government with the establishment of the first cabinet, the formation of the KNIP, and the creation of the People's Security Agency and the People's Security Army.