AP7 Quarter 2 Week 5&6 Ang Kolonyalismo at Imperyalismong Kanluranin sa Pangkontinenteng TSA MATATAG

Summary

The script delves into Western colonialism and imperialism in Southeast Asia, focusing on Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam. It highlights the different methods of colonization—such as agreements, military force, and religious influence—used by France and Britain to assert control. Cambodia was made a French protectorate, Myanmar was annexed after several Anglo-Burmese wars, and Vietnam became a French colony under the guise of spreading Christianity. The script also discusses the various colonial policies implemented in these nations, as well as the resistance movements and responses from the local populations to foreign rule.

Takeaways

• 😀 Colonialism and Western imperialism significantly shaped the history and development of Southeast Asian countries, including Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam.
• 😀 Cambodia became a French protectorate in 1863, serving as a buffer state between Vietnam and Siam (Thailand), with France imposing political, economic, and cultural reforms.
• 😀 France's imperial policies in Cambodia included the reduction of monarchical power, the abolition of slavery, and the establishment of a central administrative system under a French-appointed Governor-General.
• 😀 In Myanmar (Burma), British imperialism was motivated by its strategic location between British India and potential threats. The British annexed Burma following a series of wars known as the Anglo-Burmese Wars.
• 😀 The British established a 'divide and rule' policy in Myanmar, which led to ethnic divisions and further centralized control, undermining traditional Burmese institutions, including the monarchy.
• 😀 The British also implemented the 'British Resident' system in Myanmar, which placed British officials in charge of local governance, including foreign relations and trade.
• 😀 Vietnam, under French control, was also made a protectorate. The French used military force to annex southern Vietnam, beginning with the 1862 Treaty of Saigon, which ceded key territories to France.
• 😀 France's primary goal in Vietnam was to expand Catholicism and gain economic benefits through the extraction of raw materials, such as rubber, from the region.
• 😀 In response to French colonization, the people of Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam engaged in various forms of resistance, including uprisings, warfare, and negotiations, such as treaties and agreements.
• 😀 The colonial policies of France and Britain were characterized by economic exploitation, forced labor, land expropriation, and the imposition of foreign rule, leading to significant social and cultural changes in the colonized regions.

Q & A

What were the main methods of colonization used by Western powers in Southeast Asia?

Western powers primarily used military force, treaties, and missionary activity as methods of colonization in Southeast Asia. They also implemented various forms of economic exploitation, including forced labor and the extraction of natural resources.

Why did France establish a protectorate over Cambodia?

France established a protectorate over Cambodia to create a buffer territory between its more valuable colonies in Vietnam and Siam (Thailand). It was a strategic move to prevent conflicts with these neighboring powers.

What were the key policies implemented by the French in Cambodia?

The French implemented policies such as reducing the power of the monarchy, eliminating slavery, introducing high taxes, and promoting the cultivation of crops like rubber, cotton, and silk. They also sent French governors to oversee the region.

How did the French control the economic activities in Cambodia?

The French controlled the economy through the forced cultivation of crops such as rubber and cotton, as well as the imposition of heavy taxes on the Cambodian population. They also introduced new agricultural systems to boost their economic interests.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Saigon in Vietnam's colonization?

The Treaty of Saigon, signed in 1862, marked the beginning of French colonization in Vietnam. It resulted in the transfer of three provinces to France, the opening of three ports for French trade, and the permission to spread Catholicism.

How did the British justify their colonization of Myanmar (Burma)?

The British justified their colonization of Myanmar primarily because of its strategic location near British India. It was also seen as crucial for preventing any foreign powers, particularly France, from gaining influence in the region.

What was the 'divide and rule' policy implemented by the British in Myanmar?

The 'divide and rule' policy was a British strategy where they exacerbated ethnic divisions within Myanmar to maintain control. By creating rifts between the Burman majority and ethnic minorities, the British weakened local resistance and ensured easier governance.

What were the main reasons for the resistance movements in Vietnam during French colonization?

Resistance movements in Vietnam arose due to French exploitation of the region's resources, the spread of Catholicism, and the imposition of direct rule. These movements included uprisings, rebellions, and battles against French control.

What role did missionaries play in the French colonization of Vietnam?

Missionaries played a significant role in the French colonization of Vietnam by spreading Catholicism. This religious influence provided a pretext for French intervention, as they used reports of Christian persecution to justify their military presence.

What impact did British rule have on the governance system in Myanmar?

Under British rule, the traditional governance system in Myanmar was dismantled. The British replaced the monarchy with direct rule and implemented the British Resident System, which gave British officials significant control over Myanmar's administration and foreign relations.