APUSH Review: Give Me Liberty!, Chapter 9

Summary

Chapter nine of 'Give Me Liberty' explores the Market Revolution, highlighting the shift from home-based production to factory work and significant transportation advancements like canals and railroads. It examines the rise of the cotton economy and the implications of the cotton gin, alongside the impact of immigration, particularly from Ireland and Germany. The chapter discusses the emergence of nativism and the rise of the corporate model, while also addressing social changes, including women's roles and the experiences of free blacks. Additionally, it touches on transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening, setting the stage for future discussions on key figures like Andrew Jackson.

Takeaways

• 😀 The evolution of maritime empires from 1450 to 1750 significantly shaped global trade and cultural exchanges.
• 🌍 European rivalries were a driving force behind imperial expansion, leading to competition for territories in Africa and Asia.
• ⛴️ Maritime technology advancements, including improved ship designs and navigation tools, facilitated longer voyages and exploration.
• 💼 Labor systems, such as the transatlantic slave trade and indentured servitude, supported the economic interests of imperial powers.
• 🏰 The establishment of coastal trading posts and forts allowed European powers to control trade routes and access local resources.
• 🤝 Interactions between European colonizers and indigenous populations often led to conflicts and profound cultural impacts.
• 📜 The spread of Christianity and European legal systems were part of the imperial agenda, influencing local societies.
• ⚔️ Resistance movements emerged among colonized peoples as they fought against exploitation and cultural domination.
• 🗺️ The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the New World between Spain and Portugal, setting the stage for future conflicts.
• 📈 The wealth generated from colonies contributed to the rise of powerful nation-states in Europe, altering global power dynamics.

Q & A

What is the Market Revolution?

The Market Revolution refers to the economic changes in the United States during the early 19th century, where work increasingly shifted from home production to factory production, alongside significant improvements in transportation.

How did transportation improve during the Market Revolution?

Transportation improvements included the construction of canals, railroads, and telegraphs, which facilitated faster and more efficient movement of goods and information across the country.

What role did the Erie Canal play in the Market Revolution?

The Erie Canal connected Albany to Buffalo and facilitated trade by linking New York City with the Midwest, greatly enhancing commerce and transportation in the region without federal funding.

What was the impact of the cotton gin on slavery?

Invented by Eli Whitney, the cotton gin significantly increased the efficiency of cotton production, leading to greater demand for slavery and the expansion of cotton plantations in the South.

What was the significance of the Adams-Onís Treaty?

The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 between the United States and Spain resulted in the U.S. gaining Florida, which was part of the westward expansion efforts following the Market Revolution.

What were some key inventions that emerged during this time?

Key inventions included the steel plow by John Deere, the McCormick Reaper for harvesting crops, and Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts system, all of which contributed to increased agricultural efficiency.

How did immigration affect the labor market in the U.S. during the Market Revolution?

Large numbers of immigrants, primarily Irish and German, arrived in the U.S. during this time, filling labor needs in cities and contributing to infrastructure development, but also facing nativist backlash.

What is Manifest Destiny, and how did it relate to the Market Revolution?

Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was the U.S.'s God-given right to expand westward. This idea influenced many individuals and families to move west for economic opportunities during tough times in the East.

What was the Second Great Awakening, and how did it differ from the First?

The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival focused on increasing church attendance and emphasized individual free will. Unlike the First, it encouraged the pursuit of personal perfection and influenced many reform movements.

What was the cult of domesticity, and how did it emerge from the Market Revolution?

The cult of domesticity emerged from the Market Revolution, promoting the idea that women should focus on home and family, emphasizing their roles as wives and mothers, while limiting their opportunities in the workforce.