Yawp WWI One
Summary
TLDRThis script discusses the transformative impact of World War I, which began in 1914 and ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Initially, the US pursued isolationism, focusing on domestic affairs rather than European conflicts. However, the war's effects were inescapable, leading to the US's rise as a global superpower. The script also covers the Mexican Revolution, US-Mexico relations, and the complex European alliances that contributed to the war. It highlights the human and psychological costs of the war, including the introduction of chemical weapons and the concept of 'shell shock', which is now recognized as PTSD. The US eventually joined the war in 1917, influenced by economic ties and the desire to promote peace, despite initial neutrality.
Takeaways
- 🕰️ World War I, known as the Great War, was a pivotal event that took place from 1914 to 1919, reshaping global politics and leading to the creation of new nations.
- 🌎 The US maintained a policy of isolationism, focusing on domestic affairs and avoiding entanglement in European conflicts, as advised by George Washington in his Farewell Address.
- 🌉 Despite its isolationist stance, the US was involved in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in Mexico, where it had significant economic and political interests.
- 🇲🇽 The Mexican Revolution, sparked by Francisco I. Madero's challenge to Porfirio Díaz, led to a period of instability and US intervention under President Woodrow Wilson.
- 🔥 The US faced a dilemma in Mexico, trying to support democratic elections and human rights while also respecting Mexico's sovereignty, which was complicated by figures like Victoriano Huerta and Pancho Villa.
- 💣 The war in Europe was characterized by trench warfare, new deadly weapons, and chemical weapons, leading to massive loss of life and psychological trauma.
- 🌍 The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist was the spark that ignited World War I, drawing many European nations into a complex web of alliances and conflicts.
- 🇩🇪 Kaiser Wilhelm II's ambitions for Germany, including colonial expansion and military strength, contributed to the tensions that led to the war.
- 🔄 The war had a significant psychological impact, with terms like 'shell shock' (now known as PTSD) being used to describe the lasting mental trauma experienced by soldiers.
- 📉 The human cost of the war was staggering, with a significant percentage of young men in France and Germany killed, impacting the social fabric of Europe.
- 🚢 The US eventually entered the war in 1917, after trying to maintain neutrality, influenced by economic ties and the humanitarian crisis in Europe.
Q & A
What was the time period of World War I?
-World War I, also known as the Great War, took place from 1914 to 1919.
How did World War I contribute to the rise of the United States as a global superpower?
-World War I had a transformative effect on the United States, positioning it to become a global superpower by the end of the war.
What was the United States' attitude toward foreign policy and the Great War in 1914?
-In 1914, the United States was not interested in European Wars or affairs, focusing instead on domestic issues and Progressive reforms.
What was the significance of George Washington's advice on foreign entanglements?
-George Washington advised in his 1796 Farewell Address to avoid foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues, which influenced the U.S.'s isolationist stance.
Why was the U.S. more interested in the Western Hemisphere than in European affairs during this period?
-The U.S. was focused on its zone of influence in the Western Hemisphere and was not interested in European Wars.
Who was Porfirio Diaz and why was he controversial?
-Porfirio Diaz was the president of Mexico from the end of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century. He was controversial due to corruption in his regime and not adhering to term limits.
How did Francisco Madero's challenge to Diaz spark the Mexican Revolution?
-Madero, a Social Democrat, challenged Diaz's rule, advocating for elections and reforms to distribute power and wealth more equitably, which led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
What was Woodrow Wilson's stance on the situation in Mexico?
-Woodrow Wilson, despite being an isolationist, believed in an ethical foreign policy and supported Madero's legally elected presidency over the military coup led by Victoriano Huerta.
What was the outcome of the U.S. intervention in Mexico during the time of the Mexican Revolution?
-The U.S. intervention, including sending General John Pershing into Mexico, led to a tense situation but did not result in a full-scale war, as attention shifted to World War I.
What was the impact of the Russian Revolution on World War I?
-The Russian Revolution in 1917 led to the Communists taking over, causing Russia to pull out of the war, which shifted the conflict to a one-front war for Germany.
How did new weapons and warfare tactics contribute to the high human cost of World War I?
-New weapons, including chemical weapons and artillery shells, along with the nature of trench warfare, resulted in a high cost of human life, with significant percentages of young men killed in Germany and France.
What was the psychological impact of World War I on soldiers?
-World War I saw a pronounced psychological impact on soldiers, with 'shell shock' (now known as PTSD) affecting a large and identifiable group of men who suffered lasting mental trauma.
Outlines
🌎 Origins of World War I and US Isolationism
This paragraph discusses the transformative impact of World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1919, including the fall of empires and the rise of new nations. It also highlights the US's initial disinterest in the war, focusing instead on domestic Progressive reforms. The US's historical isolationist stance is traced back to George Washington's Farewell Address, advocating for avoidance of foreign entanglements. The paragraph also touches on the Mexican Revolution of 1910, sparked by Madero's challenge to the long-standing rule of Díaz, and the US's complicated involvement in Mexican affairs, including supporting Madero against a military coup led by Victoriano Huerta.
🔥 The Mexican Revolution and US Intervention
The second paragraph delves into the Mexican Revolution further, detailing how Madero, after a period of exile in San Antonio, returned to Mexico, was elected president, and faced challenges from Diaz supporters, leading to a military coup. It discusses President Woodrow Wilson's ethical foreign policy stance, which opposed the coup and supported Madero. However, Wilson's actions, including sending troops to Veracruz, were met with resistance from the Mexican government and public. The paragraph also describes the assassination of Madero and the subsequent power struggles, including the US's brief support for Pancho Villa before his invasion of Columbus, New Mexico, which nearly led to war between the US and Mexico. The focus then shifts to Europe, where tensions were rising due to the ambitions of Kaiser Wilhelm and a complex web of alliances that ultimately led to World War I.
💣 The Horrors of World War I and its Psychological Impact
The third paragraph focuses on the devastating nature of World War I, particularly the high human cost due to new and deadly weapons like chemical weapons and artillery shells. It discusses the war as a primarily trench-based conflict with little territorial gain at a massive loss of life. The psychological trauma of the war, referred to at the time as 'shell shock' and now recognized as PTSD, is highlighted as a significant issue. The paragraph provides stark statistics on the loss of life, with 4% of Germany and France's population and a significant portion of young men killed. It also touches on the US's economic ties to Europe and the difficulty of maintaining neutrality given the extensive trade and loans to European countries at war.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡World War I
💡Treaty of Versailles
💡Isolationism
💡Woodrow Wilson
💡Mexican Revolution
💡Porfirio Díaz
💡Francisco I. Madero
💡Victoriano Huerta
💡Pancho Villa
💡General John Pershing
💡Kaiser Wilhelm II
Highlights
World War I was a transformative event that toppled empires and created new nations.
The war sparked tensions and instabilities leading to another war just over 20 years later.
U.S. involvement in WWI was short but had a transformative effect on the country, leading it to become a global superpower.
In 1914, the U.S. had an isolationist attitude towards foreign policy and was focused on domestic affairs.
Woodrow Wilson was elected to focus on domestic affairs, reflecting the U.S.'s inward focus at the time.
George Washington's Farewell Address warned against foreign entanglements, a sentiment that persisted in U.S. policy.
The U.S. was more interested in its zone of influence in the Western Hemisphere than in European affairs.
The Mexican Revolution of 1910 was influenced by U.S. interests and policies.
Woodrow Wilson believed in an ethical foreign policy, which included support for free elections and human rights.
The U.S. sent troops to Veracruz to block German weapons during the Mexican Revolution.
The assassination of Mexican leader Madero led to further instability and U.S. intervention in Mexican affairs.
Pancho Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico brought the U.S. and Mexico to the brink of war.
The start of World War I shifted U.S. focus away from Mexico to the conflict in Europe.
Kaiser Wilhelm's ambitions for Germany included colonies, a navy, and becoming a powerful European nation.
A complex web of alliances in Europe set the stage for a large-scale conflict.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the catalyst for World War I.
The war was mostly fought in Belgium and France, with a high cost in human life due to new weapons and tactics.
The psychological cost of WWI was significant, with many soldiers suffering from what is now known as PTSD.
The human cost of WWI was immense, with a large percentage of young men killed in action.
The U.S. tried to maintain neutrality during WWI due to its traditional stance on avoiding European wars.
Transcripts
World War I was a transformative event
the time period I give you I I list is
1914 to 1919 which is roughly when the
war started and then when the Treaty of
Versa was concluded I'm really going to
go a little further back in time I don't
think I'm going to go further in the
future but I may allude to things that
are going to happen World War I which at
that time was called the Great War
toppled Empires created new nations and
sparked tensions and created
instabilities that would thrust us into
another War
just 20 something years after this one
concluded the US involvement in the war
itself was relatively short as you'll
see war was declared in April of 1917
the war was over by November of 1918 and
yet the war had a transformative effect
on the United States that we will rise
up to be a global superpower by the end
of the
war what was the United States's
attitude toward foreign policy and the
Great War in
1914 we were not that interested the
United States was preoccupied with those
Progressive reforms we were having a
period of turning inward it's true the
Spanish-American War wasn't that long
ago and it had been very successful and
short and we were still involved in the
western hemisphere in our zone of
influence but we were not interested in
European Wars or european Affairs we
were very focused on domestic affairs
when woodro Wilson was elected he was
elected to be focused on domestic
affairs this is not too
surprising there were European
immigrants in America and so they were
interested in what was happening in
their home
countries but Americans in general and
America as a country we weren't that
interested in those European Wars I want
to remind you what George Washington
said about those foreign entanglements
in his 1796 Farewell
Address he said that we should avoid
foreign alliances attachments and
intrigues and those overgrown military
establishments which under any form of
government are inauspicious to Liberty
and which are to be regarded as
particularly hostile to Republican
Liberty so this
isolationism had come from the beginning
of the nation and it persisted in this
time
period we're not interested in European
Wars but we are interested in what
happens in the Western
Hemisphere and as I alluded to in a past
lecture there were some things happening
in Mexico that we we couldn't ignore and
Mexico is in our zone of
influence uh Mexico had a president
named poerio Diaz who was president for
many years from the end of the 19th
century until the beginning of the 20th
century he was a controversial figure
and remember this is a survey course and
so I can't go into a lot of detail about
it I think we could say he was good for
the Mexican economy which had been
stagnant but he wasn't good for the Mex
people there was a lot of corrup
corruption in his
regime and he he didn't always do what
he said he would do in particularly when
it came to giving up political power
there were term limits for presidents in
Mexico and yet somehow Diaz kept being
in power he might step down and some Pro
some um Protege of his would rule but
then he would run again he was 80 years
old when he was running for a final term
a term he said he wasn't going to run
for when someone else came forward and
said I challenge you you've been
president long enough you said you would
step down you shouldn't run again I'll
also back up and say that Diaz was
popular in America that the American
government backed him they backed him
because he took Power by following the
rules and they backed him because of our
economic interests that he was good for
business madiro his challenge
was also from an elite wealthy family so
you might think he would be a supporter
of Diaz because the people who thrived
under diz's rule were people like him
but he was
also a Social Democrat and believed that
Mexico should have elections and should
have some reform so that
more power and more economic power was
given to people who were not rich
madero's challenge sparked the Mexican
Revolution in 1910 and for a period
madiro had to flee to the United States
to San Antonio until he could come up
with a plan to come back and fight in
the revolution and perhaps rise to power
he did rise to power after the the
fighting of the Revolution this is a
very short summary of what happened and
then he stood for election he didn't
just say I won the revolution now I'm
the president he stood for elections he
won the election in a
landslide but that was not the end of
it people who supported Diaz challenged
him and there was a military coup led by
victoriano herera and herera said okay
now I'm the
president that's where things
stood Wilson had been elected and woodro
Wilson though he was an isolationist he
did believe in an ethical foreign policy
it looked like an early form of a human
rights foreign policy so so he opposed
whoare to taking power and he said
Madero who had been legally elected
should be the
president and then to make Wilson take
action the herera government was
recognized by Germany and Great Britain
and the Germans sent weapons to support
herera well we couldn't let that happen
Wilson sent troops to verac Cruz in
order to block those
weapons that act however was not
embraced by Madero that Mexicans saw
this as the United States threatening
their
sovereignty things are getting very
messy for the United States and for
Wilson Wilson wants to be the good guy
he wants to be the leader who's on the
side of free elections and human rights
but what to do now that Madero doesn't
want us us meddling in Mexican Affairs
either uh Madera is eventually going to
be assassinated and there'll be another
leader who will come to power and will
struggles over who he he should support
it's very messy in Mexico at this time
for for a while he supports panchovilla
because he looks like he might be the
next leader but then it turns out that
someone else is going to be the leader
and the US withdraws its support via is
angry about that and he invades Columbus
New Mexico he kills Americans and and
burns down the center of town well we
have to react to
that Wilson sends General John persing
into Mexico to try to find VIA in short
we invade
Mexico we invade Mexico with armored
vehicles we're not using the railroads
because they're under the control of the
Mexican Government with some
surveillance
aircraft and go deep into Mexican
territory in search of
ponia the United States and Mexico are
on the brink of War
this ends without War as we know when
World War I begins because suddenly our
attention is distracted that something's
happening in Europe it seems bigger than
what's happening in Mexico and so we
quietly leave these instances in Mexico
alone and focus on what's happening in
Europe interestingly enough persing
never catches via who retires to a Henda
and lives happily until he's
assassinated in 192
3 things are complicated in Europe too
there's a new leader of Germany Kaiser
Wilhelm who's who's a very ambitious
leader that he wants colonies and he
wants a navy and he wants to be a
powerful nation in Europe also at this
time there's this complicated web of
alliances in Europe France Russia and
England called the tripon taunt is on
one side and of Sid alliances and
they're opposed by the Austria Hungarian
Empire Germany and the Ottoman Empire
which is starting to fade the Ottoman
Empire is turkey and and Middle Eastern
countries that turkey controls and also
uh the Balkan country of Bulgaria that
they're on one side and they don't trust
each other a lot of them are related to
each other and they promised to protect
each other if one side attacks so it's
like a Tinder Box it's waiting to light
a fire and then it lights a fire that a
Serbian Anarchist named Gabriel prce
assassinat assassinates Arch duuk France
Ferdinand and his wife Sophie it's
pictured in the painting here when that
happens other nations have to react uh
Russia was supposed to be in control of
Serbia they let this happen
so the Austria Hungarian Empire has to
react Germany has to react everyone in
Europe is pulled into a war
the war was mostly fought in Belgium
perhaps parts of France not fought so
much in
Germany this war was a grinding trench
war in which soldiers might gain just a
few yards and at a huge cost of human
life why was it so costly in terms of
human life well there were new weapons
including chemical weapons and artillery
shells chemical weapons imagine
that even the air you breathed could
kill you artillery shells that this
wasn't orderly men in Rose firing at
each
other these were explosives that could
be shot huge distances and were more
deadly than anything that had existed
before for Germany which was militarily
quite powerful this was a two front war
that it was fighting against France and
Great Britain on one side and fighting
against Russia on the other side and
then 1917 there was the Russian
Revolution and the Communists took over
the country they killed thear and his
family and Russia pulled out of the war
now it's a one front War for Germany can
concentrate on U Western
Europe looks better for
Germany the the other issue I want to
talk about in this War uh in addition to
the human cost I'll talk about that more
in a moment there was a huge
psychological cost certainly soldiers
have always suffered from the trauma of
War but it seemed to be more pronounced
and started to be discussed during World
War I this they called it then something
called they called it then shell shock
today we would call it
PTSD but they started to be a a large
and identifiable group of men who who
didn't get over the trauma of War not
the physical trauma but they had long-
lasting mental
trauma the cost of the war in in terms
of human life
4% of the population of Germany and
France were killed during the
war 18% of young French men died during
the war and 13 to 33% these are varying
estimates of young German men were
killed during the war imagine losing
about a quarter of your young male
population in a short period that it was
a huge loss uh sustained by Europe
the US reaction to the war as noted we
had a lot of immigrants from Europe and
so certainly they were talking about it
and keeping up with things that were
happening abroad what was happening in
the the old
country us leaders woodro Wilson wanted
peace and and tried to keep neutral
during this war hoping we wouldn't get
pulled in and hoping that we wouldn't
suffer any of the losses that Europe was
suffering and remember we had this
traditional attitude towards staying out
of European
Wars it was difficult to stay
out first economically that England and
France were some of our main trading
partners so a a lot of American exports
went to those countries and as we became
stronger economically there were a lot
of American Banks making loans to
England and France and if we're doing
business with them and we're doing a
large portion of business with them it
was it was difficult for us to say
neutral
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