How to Write a Literature Review in 30 Minutes or Less
Summary
TLDRThis presentation outlines a streamlined process for crafting a literature review in under 30 minutes. It clarifies misconceptions about the value of literature reviews, emphasizing their practicality in real-world scenarios like decision-making in a HR management role. The speaker guides viewers through five steps: separating citations from summaries, organizing summaries logically, combining related summaries, adding topic sentences and transitions, and finally, constructing an introduction with a thesis and a conclusion. The script illustrates how literature reviews gather essential background information, making one an expert on the subject.
Takeaways
- 📚 A literature review is a critical step in academic research that involves summarizing and synthesizing existing research on a specific topic.
- ⏱️ The script promises a method to draft a literature review in 30 minutes or less by following a structured approach.
- 🤔 The script addresses common questions about the purpose and relevance of literature reviews, emphasizing their practical application beyond academic settings.
- 🎓 It uses a scenario involving a Human Resources management graduate to illustrate how literature reviews can inform real-world decisions in a professional context.
- 🔍 The process of a literature review involves five key steps: separating summaries from citations, reordering summaries, combining related summaries, adding topic sentences and transitions, and finally, writing an introduction and conclusion.
- 📝 Step one involves creating two lists from research: one of citations and another of paragraph summaries from the sources.
- 🔄 Step two is about reordering the paragraph summaries into a logical sequence that reflects the relationships among the sources.
- 🔐 Step three focuses on deciding which summaries should be standalone paragraphs and which can be combined based on their relationship and length.
- 📈 In step four, topic sentences and transitions are added to transform summary paragraphs into cohesive body paragraphs.
- 📖 The final step, step five, involves adding an introductory paragraph with a thesis statement and a conclusion paragraph to frame the literature review.
- 🏷️ The script suggests using subtitles in the literature review to organize major sections and to reinforce the thesis in the conclusion.
Q & A
What is the main promise of the presenter regarding the literature review?
-The presenter promises that if the audience has done thorough research and summarized their sources, they can write the rough draft of a literature review in 30 minutes or less by following the steps provided.
What is an annotated bibliography?
-An annotated bibliography is a list of sources that have been researched, with each source accompanied by a summary and an evaluation of the information extracted from them.
Why are literature reviews important in a real-world context?
-Literature reviews are important because they help gather background information and answer real questions before making decisions or writing reports, as illustrated by the example of a Human Resources manager needing to decide on cultural diversity training.
What are the five easy steps to writing a literature review according to the script?
-The five steps are: 1) Separate the paragraph summaries from the citations, 2) Reorder the paragraphs in a logical order, 3) Combine summaries where appropriate, 4) Add topic sentences and transitions, and 5) Include an introduction with a thesis and a conclusion.
How should the citations be used in the literature review?
-The citations should be saved for the reference page and used to introduce each paragraph summary in the literature review.
What is the significance of the problem-solution pattern in organizing the literature review?
-The problem-solution pattern helps impose a clear organizational structure on the summaries, making it easier for the reader to follow the progression from identifying issues to discussing potential solutions.
Why is it important to limit the length of body paragraphs in a literature review?
-Limiting the length of body paragraphs to 10 to 14 lines ensures that each paragraph focuses on a specific point and maintains readability and coherence.
What role do topic sentences play in the literature review?
-Topic sentences introduce the main idea of each paragraph, providing a clear focus and guiding the reader through the discussion of sources.
How should the introduction and conclusion paragraphs of a literature review be structured?
-The introduction should contain a thesis statement that summarizes the major points, while the conclusion can restate the thesis and comment on gaps or flaws in the reviewed research.
What is the purpose of subtitles in a literature review?
-Subtitles help organize the literature review into clear sections, making it easier for the reader to navigate and understand the progression of ideas.
Why is the literature review considered a preliminary step in research?
-The literature review is a preliminary step because it provides the necessary background knowledge to become an expert on the topic, which is essential for writing a thesis, argumentative report, or presentation.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Literature Review
The paragraph introduces the concept of a literature review and its importance in academic and professional settings. It emphasizes that a literature review is not just an academic assignment but a valuable tool for gathering and summarizing information from various sources to inform decision-making. The speaker assures the audience that following the steps outlined will enable them to draft a literature review in under 30 minutes. The scenario of a Human Resources manager tasked with recommending a cultural diversity training program at a company is used to illustrate the practical application of a literature review.
📝 Organizing Research for Literature Review
This section outlines the process of organizing research for a literature review. It explains how to separate citations from the summaries of the sources, suggesting that the citations will be used for the reference page and the summaries will form the body of the literature review. The paragraph also highlights the importance of using in-text citations and referencing the source throughout the summaries to maintain academic integrity. It introduces the concept of reordering the summaries into a logical sequence based on their content, using the problem-solution pattern as an example.
🔄 Combining and Structuring Summaries
The paragraph discusses the process of deciding which summaries should stand alone as body paragraphs and which can be combined based on their relationship and length. It provides an example of how to group summaries that discuss worldwide problems and cultural differences, leading to the need for diversity training. The paragraph also explains how to create a smooth narrative by adding topic sentences and transitions between summaries, ensuring a coherent flow in the literature review.
📖 Finalizing the Literature Review
This section describes the final steps in creating a literature review, including adding an introduction with a thesis statement and a conclusion paragraph. It emphasizes that the thesis should reflect the problem-solution pattern observed in the body paragraphs. The paragraph also suggests strategies for writing the conclusion, such as restating the thesis and commenting on gaps in the research. The importance of a descriptive title and subtitles for each section of the literature review is highlighted to aid organization and reinforce the thesis.
🏁 Wrapping Up the Literature Review Process
The final paragraph summarizes the five steps of creating a literature review and reiterates that the literature review is a preliminary step to gather background knowledge and become an expert on the topic. It reminds the audience that the literature review is essential for writing a thesis, argumentative report, or presentation with confidence and expertise.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Annotated Bibliography
💡Literature Review
💡Cultural Diversity Training
💡Source Citations
💡Research
💡Problem-Solution Pattern
💡APA Style
💡Topic Sentences
💡Transitions
💡Thesis Statement
💡Conclusion Paragraph
Highlights
The presentation promises to teach how to write a literature review in under 30 minutes.
An annotated bibliography is a list of sources with summaries and citations.
A literature review is essential for gathering background information before making a decision or writing a report.
The importance of literature reviews is illustrated with a real-world scenario involving cultural diversity training in a company.
Experts have already answered many questions, and a literature review helps find those answers.
The five easy steps to writing a literature review are outlined.
Step one involves separating citations from paragraph summaries.
In step two, reorder the paragraphs into a logical order based on connections found among them.
Step three is about deciding which summaries should stand alone and which can be combined.
Adding topic sentences and transitions turns summary paragraphs into real paragraphs in step four.
The literature review gets an introduction with a thesis and a conclusion in step five.
The thesis statement should reflect the organizational pattern of the literature review.
The conclusion can comment on gaps or flaws in the research reviewed.
A literature review is a preliminary step to gather background knowledge and become an expert on a topic.
The presentation concludes with a reminder of the practical applications of a literature review.
Transcripts
[Music]
hi everyone and welcome one thing that I
promise you today is that this
presentation is going to last less than
30 minutes but I also promise you that
if you've already done good research
you've read all of your sources that you
need to on this topic you have extracted
information from them and otherwise
summarized the sources and written them
up and your summary are and those Source
citations are now on a nice alphabetical
list if you've done that what is called
annotated bibliography and you're ready
to start on this literature review I
guarantee you that if you follow these
steps I'm about to give you you can
write the rough draft of this literature
review in 30 minutes or
less but first a couple of questions
question number one what the heck is a
literature review or the bleep is a
literature review second
question why the bleep should I care
what a literature review is you know it
seems like we've got these stodgy
professors out there who kind of Revel
in the fact that they like to give these
academic sounding assignments that
really have no validity in the real
world and the literature review seems to
be one of those examples but you know
what nothing could be further from the
truth and let me show you why let's say
that you just graduated with a BS degree
in Human Resources management
congratulations on that GPA by the way
3.83 and also congratulations on having
landed your first job as an
administrative manager at caliber
systems a firm with over 1,800 employees
You' definitely got room for advancement
there so everything's looking great
right now one day your supervisor comes
back from a meeting in the sea suite and
has a little assignment for you here's
the assignment should caliber systems
Institute a cultural diversity training
program if so what should that program
consist of your report which is due in
the form of a presentation in two
weeks is going to determine the future
of your job and your career at caliber
systems okay hot shot what's your next
move your next move is to go find some
answers to some very real questions
those questions being what is cultural
diversity training is it something
that's gaining Acceptance in this Human
Resources world or is it considered a
waste of money another question what are
the various types of cultural diversity
training offered today especially in
companies of my size caliber systems and
in my sector it
consultancy third question what have
been the impacts both positive and
negative of cultural diversity training
on companies in other words before you
make a recommendation you've got to have
answers to those questions guess what I
got some good news for you the experts
have already answered all those
questions before you there are people
who get paid to answer questions like
those and publish their results all you
need to do is go find those
answers the answers that you
find in the published results are called
the
literature and whenever you go and look
for them that's called a review or
looking for them OMG a literature review
You've got to write one for your
job as a human resour resources manager
in an IT company that's
right in more good news you can do that
literature review in five easy steps so
here's the takeaway a literature review
is not something that sty professors
assign just because they like to torture
you literature reviews whatever you want
to call them are important ways to
gather background information before you
make a decision before you write up your
report now let's take a look at those
five easy steps and once you know them
and you've seen them Illustrated I
guarantee you that you're going to be
able to write this literature review in
30 minutes or less when you do
background research you record the
source of the information to allow
others to validate what you say along
with the details of what you found so
after completing your research you'll
have a list that looks something like
this for the purposes of demonstration
we're showing only the first three items
from a much longer list in step one
you're going to strip this list into two
parts one the citations by themselves
two the paragraphs containing
information from the sources the list of
citations will look like this the list
of paragraphs will look like this save
the list of references and use use it as
the last page of your literature review
we'll use the paragraphs as the body of
your literature review let's note three
important things about these summary
paragraphs first each paragraph at its
beginning contains an Intex citation to
its source because we're using APA style
the Intex citation consists of the
author's last name plus the year of
publication in
parenthesis the author's last name is
outside of the parentheses because the
name is being used as a noun in the
sentence second note that the sentences
in the paragraph find a way to refer
back to the source so that the reader
knows the information is from the source
and not your own thoughts some examples
are the author's present and the
article then there's repetition of the
author's name in the second paragraph
for solely is repeated four times
finally notice that the year of
publication only has to be repeated once
per
paragraph Okay congratulations on
completing step one you've taken your
basic research and produced two lists a
list of citations and a list of
paragraphs now your task in step two is
to reorder the paragraphs to do this
carefully reread them as you do find
similarities and differences that will
allow you to reorganize the paragraphs
in a logical order based on the
connections you find among them during
this step keep in mind there will be no
one universally correct sequence the
best sequence is the one that you find
and apply effectively for example in our
first paragraph The annotation says the
author's study
storytelling as a way to increase
Communication in a culturally diverse
workplace so this source is presenting a
strategy or a solution for a problem
let's label it
solution next is a 1996 article by fine
that calls cultural diversity in the US
workplace quote perhaps the most
pressing challenge of our Times
Obviously we'll label this paragraph a
description of the
problem next frisoli describes
interviews with a West African man that
were hindered because the two men had
different attitudes toward technology
and
communication fori underscores the need
for flexibility and understanding and
accepting how someone can be culturally
different so let's label this one
problem plus need for
understanding so a clear pattern is
starting to emerge sources that we're
finding on this topic describe either
the problem or solutions to the problem
thus to complete step two we will
rearrange the summaries according to
this problem solution pattern that we're
seeing here are seven of the summaries
rearranged now a real lit review would
have far more sources in order to be
thorough but in any case we've imposed a
clear organizational pattern on our
summaries our next step step three you
decide which summaries should stand
alone as a body paragraph and which
could be combined your decision will be
based on two factors Factor one how
closely related the summaries are the
closer their relationship the more
reason you have to combine them Factor
two is their length try to limit your
body paragraphs to 10 to 14 lines the
fine article can stand alone as a body
paragraph because it offers an overview
of the problem that dates back to the
previous Century the next three sources
each studied a different group of
culturally diverse workers and concluded
the same thing but the three summaries
together are too long for a single
paragraph So the first two can be
grouped on the basis of
geography a man in West Africa and
non-native work ERS in Australia thus
presenting a worldwide problem the
Sweeney in zoo study brings us back to
the US and is long enough and important
enough to Merit its own paragraph all
three studies now combined into two
paragraphs are tied together by one
theme Mastery of language by itself is
not enough preparedness to deal with
cultural differences is also necessary
this need to be prepared provides a
natural transition to the last three
summaries that all discuss
Solutions so the body of this literature
review will have five paragraphs one the
first body paragraph will set the stage
by defining the problem the second body
paragraph will show that the problem is
worldwide and requires preparing workers
to deal with cultural differences in
communication the Third body paragraph
brings the problem home to the US and
reinforces the need for workers to be
sensitive to cultural differences the
fourth body paragraph presents two minor
solutions to the problem and the fifth
body paragraph presents an overarching
solution diversity training that can
apply to virtually any
organization the order and combination
of the paragraphs are set and now we're
ready for step four which is all of
about turning the summary paragraphs
into real paragraphs by adding topic
sentences and transitions here's an
example of a plain summary paragraph As
we wrote it down after research now here
is the same paragraph with a topic
sentence and transition added let's
compare them the topic sentence cultural
diversity has long been recognized as a
potential problem in the workplace it
introduces the topic that will be
discussed by the source that comes next
but a transition phrase as far back as
1996 fine stated links the topic
sentence and the source together with
the concept of
time when there's more than one source
in a paragraph a new sentence or thought
Bridge must sometimes be added between
them for example here are two summary
paragraphs that we want to combine into
one we first add a topic sentence for
the two summaries both study
geographically dispersed cultures next
for Sol's findings are presented then a
thought Bridge sentence is added to lead
to the second summary and blend them
both into a smooth flowing narrative as
you see at the end of step four you
should have a series of body paragraphs
that consist of strong topic sentences
followed by Source summaries and then
transitions from One summary to the next
this review is looking really excellent
now it's ready for step five in step
five the body of the literature review
gets an introduction paragraph with
thesis and a conclusion paragraph
because a literature review summarizes
the published works of others the thesis
statement should bring together the
major points discussed by the sources
and a phrase such as the the following
review of literature signals to the
readers that they will be reading a
literature review not your the author's
individual claims arguments or
opinions note that the thesis statement
for the lit review also reflects the
problem solution organizational pattern
of the paragraphs to follow one common
strategy for the conclusion paragraph is
to open with a restatement of the thesis
which brings the reader back to the
overall point another common strategy
for the conclusion is to comment on any
gaps or flaws in the research reviewed
of course no literature review would be
complete without a title and now is the
perfect time to write it because we now
know everything that is in our lit
review cultural diversity in the
workplace overcoming barriers to
communication definitely does the job as
a further Aid to organization
don't forget to add subtitles between
the major sections of your lit review
after the introduction of our sample lit
review come the paragraphs that discuss
the problem so our first body section
subtitle is defining the problem the
next major section presents Solutions so
its subtitle is searching for
Solutions when it comes to the
conclusion don't waste an opportunity to
provide a specific subtitle that helps
to reinforce your thesis instead of just
using the neutral word conclusion note
how descriptive this subtitle for the
conclusion paragraph is preparing for
tomorrow
today that takes care of step five and
now you have a solid well organized lit
review okay there they are the five easy
steps it probably takes about as long to
explain them and illustrate them than it
would be to actually do them let's
review them quickly step number one
separate those paragraph summaries from
the citations save the citations for
your reference page and then you're
going to turn those paragraph summaries
into your literature review and in doing
that the first thing you're going to do
is to rearrange those paragraph
summaries in a logical order that
presents itself to you as you reread
them and the third step is then to
combine whatever summaries need to be
combined and then the fourth step is to
add in those really important topic
sentences and transitions so that they
read together smoothly and then add your
introduction and conclusion paragraphs
and you've got yourself a literature
review one last thing I want you to keep
in mind about a literature review is
that the literature review is only a
preliminary step in other words it's
something that you do to gather
background knowledge to kind of bring
yourself up to date to the
state-ofthe-art so that you know exactly
what has gone on before and what's
taking place right now you're the expert
so you use the literature review to make
yourself the expert on that topic and
once you've got all that background
knowledge then you can write about it
then you can write your thesis then you
can write your argumentative report then
you can pre do your presentation because
you have made yourself an expert via the
literature review okay thanks very much
for watching the presentation and I wish
you the very best of luck on your
literature review
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