Power Electronics Applications in Power Systems : [Introduction Video]

Summary

This course explores the complexities of electrical power systems, focusing on power generation, transmission, and distribution. It emphasizes the critical role of reactive power compensators in maintaining network stability and efficiency. The course covers the basics of electrical power, the necessity of reactive power compensation, and the integration of power electronics devices for fast operation. It also delves into mathematical modeling of transmission systems and the practical application of compensators like SVC and SBC in enhancing power system performance, stability, and voltage regulation.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The electrical power grid is a complex system, especially in populous countries like India, China, and the USA, where it spans vast geographical areas.
• 🔌 The primary goal of the electrical power grid is to generate, transmit, and distribute power efficiently and reliably to customers.
• 🔄 Power generators in the grid operate in synchronism, requiring a network that is both weak and complex to manage.
• 🛠️ Compensators, specifically reactive power compensators, are essential devices in the power grid that help maintain efficient operation by absorbing, generating, or applying reactive power as needed.
• ⚡ Reactive power is a key concept in electrical power systems, and understanding it is crucial for the course.
• 📈 The course covers the basics of electrical power, including active and reactive power, and the importance of reactive power compensation.
• 🔄 Power Electronics devices are necessary for fast operation in reactive power compensators, highlighting the integration of power electronics in the grid.
• 📚 The course builds upon previous knowledge of basic electrical power systems and power electronic devices.
• 🔍 Mathematical modeling of electrical power transmission systems is crucial for understanding their operation and is a significant part of the course.
• 💡 The course explores the application of Static VAR Compensators (SVC) in practical power networks to achieve goals like power loss minimization and power transmission capacity enhancement.
• 🔋 The course also discusses the role of different types of Power Electronics compensators, including shunt and series compensators, in improving power system stability and performance.

Q & A

What is the main complexity of electrical power systems?

Electrical power systems are complex due to their extensive geographical coverage, the need for synchronization among hundreds of generators, and the integration of thousands of kilometers of transmission lines.

What is the primary goal of developing electrical power grids?

The primary goal of developing electrical power grids is to generate, transmit, and distribute power to customers reliably, stably, and uninterruptedly.

What is the role of compensators in an electrical power system?

Compensators, specifically reactive power compensators, play a crucial role in maintaining the efficient operation of the network by absorbing, generating, or applying reactive power where and when it is required.

Why is reactive power important in electrical power systems?

Reactive power is important because it supports the transmission of active power without which the power system would not function efficiently. It helps in maintaining voltage levels and improving the overall power factor.

What are the types of reactive power compensators discussed in the course?

The course discusses two main types of reactive power compensators: Static VAR Compensators (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM).

What is the significance of Power Electronics devices in reactive power compensation?

Power Electronics devices are significant in reactive power compensation because they enable fast operation, which is necessary for efficient reactive power compensators that require fast switching capabilities.

What are the prerequisites for understanding the course content?

The prerequisites for understanding the course content include a basic understanding of electrical power systems and electrical power electronic systems.

How does the course approach the teaching of mathematical modeling of electrical power transmission networks?

The course starts with basic concepts and gradually derives relevant equations from scratch, discussing important concepts and numerical problems related to the mathematical modeling of electrical power transmission networks.

What are the benefits of using SVC in practical power networks?

Using SVC in practical power networks can lead to minimization of power loss or energy loss, enhancement of power transmission capacity, improvement of power system stability, and increased damping of the power system.

What is the purpose of midpoint compensation in a transmission line?

Midpoint compensation aims to mitigate voltage-related issues such as overvoltage and undervoltage at the midpoint of a transmission line using Power Electronics devices, thus maintaining voltage regulation according to power grid norms.

How does the course structure its modules?

The course is structured into modules that start with basic electrical power concepts, move on to mathematical modeling of electrical power transmission networks, discuss the application of reactive power compensators, and finally cover series compensation devices.

Outlines

00:00

🔌 Introduction to Power Electronics in Power Systems

The script introduces a course on Power Electronics applications in Power Systems. It emphasizes the complexity of electrical power systems, particularly the power grid in populous countries like India, China, and the USA. The grid's vast geographical span and the operation of hundreds of generators in synchronism over thousands of kilometers of transmission lines make it a weak and complex network. The course's goal is to explore how power is generated, transmitted, and distributed efficiently, with a focus on the role of devices like compensators in maintaining the network's stability. The instructor outlines the course's content, which includes understanding reactive power, the need for reactive power compensation, and the types of compensators used in different parts of a power network. The course also covers the importance of power electronics devices for fast operation in compensators. The prerequisite for the course is a basic understanding of electrical power systems and power electronic systems.

05:01

📡 Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Transmission Systems

The second paragraph delves into the necessity of electrical transmission systems, which connect geographically dispersed generators to bring power to consumers. The instructor plans to discuss the mathematical modeling of these systems in detail, starting from basic concepts and deriving relevant equations. The focus will be on the impact of reactive power compensators on the power system, including midpoint compensation to address voltage-related issues like overvoltage and undervoltage. The paragraph also introduces the types of power electronic compensators, such as Static VAR Compensators (SVCs), and their mathematical modeling. The course aims to cover the practical application of SVCs in power networks to achieve goals like minimizing energy loss, enhancing transmission capacity, and improving power system stability. The instructor promises a detailed discussion on different types of stability issues and how SVCs can improve them.

10:02

🔄 Exploring Series and Parallel Power Electronic Compensators

The final paragraph discusses the course's progression from static VAR compensators (SVCs) to series-type power electronic compensators, starting with Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The instructor will cover the modeling approaches and applications of these compensators, explaining how they enhance power system performance. The discussion will include the differences between SVCs and STATCOMs (Static Synchronous Compensators) and their respective roles in improving power transmission network performance, including stability, reliability, and voltage regulation. The course will also touch on SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator), discussing its modeling and application in improving various aspects of power systems. The instructor emphasizes the importance of understanding the basics of electrical power systems and power electronic systems as prerequisites for the course, which is typically taught at the postgraduate level but can also be an elective for undergraduate students. The teaching style will be detailed, ensuring that learners can follow the concepts from basic to advanced levels.

Keywords

💡Electrical Power System

An electrical power system refers to the network of electrical components that transmit and distribute electrical power from generation stations to consumers. In the video, the complexity of such systems, particularly in populous countries like India, China, and the USA, is highlighted. The script mentions that these systems are geographically widespread and involve hundreds of generators operating in synchronism, making them both weak and complex.

💡Generators

Generators are devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The script notes that in electrical power grids, hundreds of generators operate in synchronism to supply power across vast geographical areas. They are a fundamental component of the power system, essential for generating the electricity that is then transmitted and distributed.

💡Transmission Lines

Transmission lines are high-voltage electrical lines that transmit electrical power from generating stations to substations, which then distribute the power to consumers. The script describes these lines as being several thousand kilometers long, emphasizing the extensive reach of power systems and the challenges of maintaining them.

💡Compensators

Compensators are devices used in electrical power systems to regulate the reactive power. The video script explains that these devices are necessary for the efficient operation of the power network. They can absorb, generate, or apply reactive power where and when it is needed to maintain the stability and efficiency of the power system.

💡Reactive Power

Reactive power is the portion of the total electrical power that does not perform work but is necessary for the operation of inductive loads such as motors and transformers. The script introduces reactive power as a concept that needs to be understood to grasp the role of compensators in power systems.

💡Power Electronics

Power electronics is a branch of electrical engineering that deals with the control and conversion of electrical power using semiconductor devices. The video mentions the importance of power electronic devices for fast operation in reactive power compensators, indicating their role in modernizing and enhancing the performance of power systems.

💡Static VAR Compensator (SVC)

SVC is a type of power electronic compensator used to improve the power factor and voltage stability in power systems. The script discusses SVCs as a main topic, explaining their types, mathematical modeling, and their application in practical power networks to achieve goals such as power loss minimization and power transmission capacity enhancement.

💡Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)

TCSC is a power electronic device used for series compensation in power transmission systems. The script mentions TCSC as a type of series compensator, discussing its modeling approach and application in power systems to enhance performance, such as improving stability and regulating voltages.

💡Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)

STATCOM is a power electronic device that provides reactive power compensation without the need for a physical energy storage component. The video script contrasts STATCOM with SVC, explaining how it can be used to enhance the performance of power transmission networks, including improving stability, reliability, and voltage regulation.

💡Series Compensation

Series compensation is a method used in power systems to improve the stability and power transfer capability of transmission lines by compensating for the reactive power. The script discusses series compensation in the context of devices like TCSC and STATCOM, explaining their impact on mitigating voltage-related issues and enhancing the performance of power systems.

💡Power System Stability

Power system stability refers to the ability of a power system to maintain steady operation under various conditions, including disturbances. The script mentions that power electronic compensators like SVC can improve the stability margin of a power system, enhancing both steady-state and small-signal stability, which is crucial for reliable power supply.

Highlights

Electrical power systems are one of the most complex systems created by humans.

The power grid in populous countries like India, China, and the USA is extensive and complex.

Hundreds of generators operate in synchronism across thousands of kilometers.

The electrical power grid's goal is to generate, transmit, and distribute power efficiently.

Reliable, stable, and uninterrupted power supply to customers is a key objective.

Power grids require thorough analysis to ensure reliability, stability, and resilience.

Compensators are devices that assist generators for efficient network operation.

Reactive power compensators absorb, generate, or apply reactive power as needed.

Understanding reactive power is crucial for the course.

The course covers the basics of electrical power, active and reactive power concepts.

Reactive power compensation is necessary for efficient power system operation.

Reactive power compensators are found in high voltage, medium voltage, and low voltage networks.

Fast operation of compensators is enabled by power electronic devices.

The course bridges the gap between basic electrical power systems and power electronic devices.

Mathematical modeling of electrical power transmission systems is essential for understanding their operation.

The course discusses the effect of reactive power compensators on power systems.

Midpoint compensation can mitigate voltage-related issues in transmission lines.

Two types of power electronic compensators are discussed: shunt and series.

Static VAR compensators (SVC) are a type of shunt compensator.

SVCs can minimize power loss, enhance transmission capacity, and improve stability.

The course covers the application of SVC in practical power networks.

Series compensators like Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) are discussed.

Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) differ from SVC and are discussed in detail.

The course concludes with Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) discussions.

The course is suitable for postgraduates and can be an elective for undergraduates.

The teaching style involves detailed derivation of equations and concepts.

Transcripts

[Music]

welcome uh to the course Power

Electronics applications in Power

Systems

electrical power system is one of the

most complex uh systems which is created

and developed by human

being so this Electrical uh power grid

uh uh in in in India and other populous

country like China and USA is a very

widely uh uh long geography ically

located and complex so where hundreds of

generators operate in

synchronism uh and these generators are

connected with uh several thousands

kilometers long transmission

lines all right so it means it's a very

weak and complex power

Network okay and the goal of this

electrical development of electrical

power grid is to generate power transmit

power and distribute power to the

customers so in order

to have the efficient process there

needs to have uh many many uh devices

involv in

it and the goal of a power GD is of

course uh to to supply a reliable stable

uninterrupted power to the

customers so therefore electrical power

system needs a thorough

analysis uh to to make it uh more

reliable stable and also

resilient uh from various

events so in in

general as I said an electrical power

grid consist of several uh hundreds of

power generators operate in

synchronism uh there needs to have

certain devices which could assist these

generators to have the efficient

operation of the network and these

devices are usually called

compensators a compensator is usually a

reactive power compensator which can

absorb or generate or apply the reactive

power to the network

wherever this is this are required and

whenever this are required okay now to

understand this one needs to have a fair

idea about what is reactive power okay

so this course will start with the very

basic idea of electrical

power most importantly uh the concepts

of electrical active and reactive power

then uh I'll discuss the need of this

reactive power

compensation

okay now uh there are various types of

reactive power compensators exist in

different uh parts of a power Network

either in the high voltage Network or

even uh medium voltage and low voltage

networks okay so efficient reactive

power

compensators usually need fast operation

and that is only possible when we have

fast uh switching devices and here is we

have uh the requirement of Power

Electronics devices so this course acts

as a leaso of the two previously taught

uh electrical engineering courses one is

the basic electrical power system

another is the basic electrical power

Electronics devices okay and conver

inverter so the prerequisite for this

course is uh the basic idea of

electrical part system as well as the

basic idea of electrical power

electronic systems all

right now this this course I will start

with very basic idea of uh electrical

power most importantly this

differentiation of uh active power to

reactive power and the requirement of

reactive power compensation in the first

module then we'll slowly move ahead to

the idea of the modeling of electrical

transmission systems as I said why we

require electrical transmission systems

we require electrical transmission

system in order to connect the

electrical generators which are located

in a wide geographical area Okay uh and

to establish the link

of uh this this these generators and

most importantly to bring power towards

the customers where the customers live

we need this electrical power

transmission systems or power

transmission networks so in order to

understand this operation of power

transmission networks one needs to have

a thorough mathematical modeling okay so

I will discuss the very basic idea of

the mathematical modeling of electrical

power transmission networks in the

second module of this course okay I'll

start from the very basic idea I'll

slowly derive the all the relevant

equations uh from the scratch from the

very basic idea and discuss uh and and

also I'll discuss the important uh

concept associated with

it then uh we'll also discuss some of

the numerical

problems then I will slowly go ahead

towards the our main topics which is uh

the effect of reactive power compensator

to the power system okay so we'll

discuss some idea of midpoint

compensation midpoint means in a typical

transmission line we'll consider the

voltage condition at the midpoint and

we'll try to uh mitigate all the voltage

Rel related uh issues for example over

voltage under voltage Etc at the mid

point this is possible by using these

Power Electronics devices okay and there

are two types of Power Electronics based

compensator one is called cich

compensator and another is called sound

compensator and also there might be a

combination of cies and S

compensators so to discuss these

compensators I will start with the sun

uh part types of power electronic

compensators which is popularly Nam as

SVC that is static hard compensator okay

so in this module I'll briefly discuss

different types of svcs that is static V

compensators I'll also discuss the

mathematical modeling of this sbcs and

I'll also discuss the differences among

the different types of sbcs with

relative merits and demerits once I

completed this I'll start discussion on

the applic of this SVC in Practical

powered networks in order to achieve

several goals now what are the our goals

we'll achieve uh this power uh loss or

energy loss minimization with the

switchable control of these Power

Electronics devices those things we'll

discuss then we can also achieve or we

can also enhance the power transmission

capacity of a power transmission line

with a appropriate placement of SVC so

how it is possible we'll discuss then

we'll also see how an SVC can improve

the power system stability okay so there

are different types of stability uh

problems we'll discuss how a power

system can enhance the stability margin

and thereby it also improves the steady

St stability as well as it improves the

small signal stability ility then also

we'll discuss how an SPC can improve the

damping of the power system now why we

need damping what is damping those

things I will also discuss in uh detail

okay so once I completed this discussion

on SVC and its application in power

system I'll also discuss the different

types of modeling and control approaches

of SBC primarily to control the uh

voltage or to regulate the voltages uh

at the point in which a SBC is placed

okay so we'll typically consider that

SBC is placed at a midpoint of a

transmission line and then we'll discuss

that how it impacts uh in mitigating

over voltage under voltage or voltage

related issues and thereby it keeps the

voltage regulation uh of a power

transmission line according to the Norms

of a particular power grid okay so this

will finish the sun type of uh par

Electronics

compensator uh this is one class then

we'll move forward to the series type of

par electronic compensators so we'll

start with uh tcsc thy control series

capacitor okay after completion of this

uh in this particular module basically

I'll discuss the modeling approach of

this CSC as well as its application to

power system how it impacts on a power

system operation and how can it enhance

the performance of a power system those

things I'll discuss in very

detail and then uh we'll move forward to

a different kind of par Electronics

device uh that is called uh statcom

static synchronous compensators it

operation uh is uh different than the it

its counterpart of SVC that is static

part compensator so how a statcom is

different to SBC those things I'll

discuss and most importantly how can a

stat comp uh be used in order to enhance

of a power transmission network uh

performance for example uh to enhance

the stability of a power transmission

system to enhance to to improve the

reliability of a transmission system to

uh regulate the voltages all these

things I will discuss in very detail

then finally the in the last module I'll

discuss uh a different kind of series

compensation devices uh that is called

sssc okay that is static static

synchronous C

compensator okay so uh this again I will

discuss the modeling of sssc I'll

discuss the application of sssc in

improving various performance indicator

or various aspects of power system those

things I will discuss in very detail

okay so this is all about this different

modules of the course okay and as I uh

said the prerequisite of this course is

the a very good idea on basics of

electrical power system and some basic

idea of electrical power electronic

system okay so this course is usually

taught in

a uh postgraduate level but this course

can be an elective course of

undergraduate uh students as well okay

so even I I'll discuss all these

different types of relevant topics uh

from the very basic idea but one should

have a fair idea about how electrical

power system works

okay now regarding this uh my teaching

style I'll I'll I'll derive uh on both

uh all these relevant equations all this

uh uh conceptual details and all this

modeling details in very detailed manner

okay so if one follow me from the very

beginning I will I'm sure that you can

he or she can understand at the end and

uh this this concept very well okay so

this course is you is is a is a

conceptual course and one needs to

develop the concept uh and and in order

to develop the concept that uh one needs

to have uh the idea what I taught in a

previous day uh because all these uh

concepts are interconnected all these

Concepts need some uh initial IDE idea

those things I'll start from lecture by

lecture and I hope this course would be

enjoyable to all the Learners thank you

[Music]