SOCIOLOGIA - POBREZA E EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL

Summary

Professor Edmilson Correia discusses poverty and social exclusion in sociology, tracing their historical roots and societal impacts. He explains how poverty is a human construct, not a natural state, and has been exacerbated by capitalism and industrial revolution. The lecture covers various perspectives on poverty, from theological views in the Middle Ages to modern concepts like technological poverty. It highlights the unequal wealth distribution worldwide and in Brazil, emphasizing the recent reversal of wealth distribution programs leading to increased poverty.

Takeaways

• 🌐 Pobreza e exclusão social são entendidas como consequências de ações humanas e modelos socioeconômicos adotados, ao invés de eventos naturais.
• 🏰 A história mostra que a Igreja e o Estado contribuíram para a manutenção da pobreza enquanto se apresentavam como seus combatentes.
• 🏭 O advento do capitalismo e da revolução industrial exacerbou a pobreza e a divisão do trabalho, resultando em condições de vida precárias para os operários.
• 🤝 A sociedade capitalista encorajava a competição individual ao invés de solidariedade coletiva, focando na recompensa e punição baseadas no trabalho.
• 📉 A visão teocêntrica da antiguidade considerava a pobreza como uma vontade divina, inquestionável e eterna.
• 📊 A concepção malthusiana e marxista associavam a pobreza a fatores individuais e ao domínio burguês sobre os meios de produção, respectivamente.
• 🌍 A definição de pobreza pelo Banco Mundial relaciona-a à incapacidade de alcançar um padrão mínimo de vida, distinguindo-a da desigualdade social.
• 🏛 A pobreza é vista também como um desarranjo social que afeta o indivíduo, transferindo a culpa da pobreza para o próprio pobre.
• 🧩 A pobreza pode ser multiplicada por diferentes níveis de disposição, como psicológica, política e social, refletindo a desvalorização e a exclusão.
• 💻 A pobreza tecnológica é uma nova forma de exclusão, onde indivíduos ou grupos são marginalizados por falta de acesso às novas tecnologias e mídias digitais.
• 📊 Os dados mostram uma distribuição extremamente desigual de riqueza no mundo e no Brasil, com uma pequena elite detendo grande parte da riqueza enquanto a maioria vive com poucos recursos.

Q & A

What does Professor Edmilson Correia define as poverty and social exclusion?

Professor Edmilson Correia defines poverty and social exclusion not as a natural state but as a result of human actions and the socio-economic model adopted by society.

How does the historical context influence the understanding of poverty according to the transcript?

The transcript suggests that throughout history, poverty has been understood differently, from being a divine will in the Middle Ages to a result of capitalistic structures and industrial revolution.

What is the role of the church and the state in creating and maintaining poverty as mentioned in the script?

The script indicates that both the church and the state have historically contributed to the creation and maintenance of poverty, while also presenting themselves as the solution to poverty.

What is the impact of capitalism on poverty as discussed by Professor Edmilson Correia?

Capitalism, according to the professor, has exacerbated poverty, especially with the division of labor and the rise of the bourgeoisie, leading to a precarious life for workers.

How does the concept of 'homo economicus' relate to poverty as described in the transcript?

The concept of 'homo economicus' is used to describe how workers are reduced to mere economic beings, conditioned by rewards and sanctions, which distracts them from collective social concerns.

What are the different historical views on poverty mentioned in the script?

The script mentions several historical views on poverty, including the theocentric view of poverty as a divine will, Malthusian views attributing poverty to overpopulation and individual choices, and Marxist views linking poverty to the capitalist system and class struggle.

How does the World Bank define poverty, according to the transcript?

The World Bank defines poverty as the inability to achieve a minimum standard of living, distinguishing it from social inequality.

What is the concept of 'multiple dispossessions' in relation to poverty as discussed in the script?

The concept of 'multiple dispossessions' refers to the various states of poverty, including psychological, political, and social dispossession, which affect an individual's or a group's ability to participate in society.

What is technological poverty and how does it relate to global connectivity, as mentioned in the transcript?

Technological poverty refers to individuals or groups being excluded from access to new technologies and digital media, which in a highly connected world, can lead to a form of poverty where people are left out of the globalized economy and information flow.

What are the statistics on wealth distribution mentioned in the script for the world and Brazil?

The script mentions that less than 0.7% of the world's population holds over $1 million, while 68.7% have less than $10,000. In Brazil, 1% of the population earns above R$13,500, and 46% earn below R$1,356, indicating a severe wealth distribution inequality.

How does the script describe the current situation of wealth distribution in Brazil?

The script describes Brazil as having one of the worst wealth distributions among nations, with a significant portion of the population living in poverty despite the country's overall wealth.