The Nazca Lines: Mysteries of the Giant Geoglyphs
Summary
TLDRThe Nazca Lines, a collection of mysterious geoglyphs in Peru, span 450 square kilometers of desert. Created by the ancient Nazca civilization, these vast drawings of animals, humans, and geometric shapes remain a puzzle to archaeologists. Theories about their purpose range from religious paths and astronomical calendars to water rituals. Speculations also include extraterrestrial involvement, though scholars have debunked these claims. Recent discoveries, including new geoglyphs found with AI and drones, continue to intrigue researchers. Despite various hypotheses, the true purpose behind the Nazca Lines remains an unsolved mystery.
Takeaways
- 📜 The Nazca Valley is a vast desert plain in Peru, notable for its flat, dry landscape and sheltered from wind and rain.
- 🦅 The Nazca Lines are an extensive collection of geoglyphs, created by the ancient Nazca civilization, depicting animals, geometric shapes, and mythical creatures.
- 👣 The geoglyphs are divided into two categories: biomorphs (animal and human-like shapes) and abstract geometric patterns.
- 🔎 The lines were created by removing the top layer of reddish pebbles to reveal a lighter substratum, often using ropes and stakes for precision.
- 🕵️♀️ The lines remained undiscovered by the modern world until 1926 when archaeologist Torubio Mejía Xesspe spotted them from nearby hills.
- 👩🔬 Maria Reiche, a German archaeologist, dedicated her life to studying and preserving the Nazca Lines, earning the nickname 'Lady of the Lines.'
- 👽 Theories about the lines range from alien landing strips to astronomical maps, but no conclusive explanation has been agreed upon.
- 🌟 Some researchers propose that the lines served ceremonial purposes, while others believe they were a calendar or water-related symbols.
- 📊 Modern technologies like drones and AI have helped uncover more geoglyphs and provided new insights into their purpose and age.
- 🗿 New geoglyph discoveries, like a 37-meter-long cat and an orca with a human arm, continue to deepen the mystery surrounding the Nazca Lines.
Q & A
What are the Nazca Lines and where are they located?
-The Nazca Lines are a collection of hundreds of geoglyphs located about 400 kilometers south of Lima, Peru. They cover an area of approximately 450 square kilometers across the desert plains by the Rio Grande, Nazca, and the Pampa of Jumana.
What are geoglyphs, and how do they differ in the Nazca Lines?
-Geoglyphs are large drawings or symbols carved onto the surface of the Earth. The Nazca Lines can be divided into two categories: 'biomorphs,' which are representational shapes depicting animals, birds, insects, plants, and humanoid figures; and abstract geometrical shapes, including straight lines, spirals, mazes, and patterns.
Who created the Nazca Lines, and when did they originate?
-The Nazca Lines were created by the pre-Columbian Nazca civilization. The geoglyphs are believed to have originated around 500 BC during the Nazca society's middle period, and they continued to be made until around 580 AD.
What methods did the Nazca people use to create the geoglyphs?
-The Nazca people created the geoglyphs by removing the top layer of reddish oxidized pebbles to reveal a clearer substratum of sand and dirt. They used simple tools like ropes, poles, and stakes to create straight lines, circles, and curves, often enlarging smaller sketches into larger designs.
What role did Maria Reiche play in the study and preservation of the Nazca Lines?
-Maria Reiche was a German researcher who dedicated her life to studying and preserving the Nazca Lines. She helped protect them from intruders, weather, and sand deposits, earning her the nickname 'the Lady of the Lines' and 'the Lady of the Broom' due to her efforts to sweep and clean the geoglyphs.
What are some of the main theories about the purpose of the Nazca Lines?
-Theories about the purpose of the Nazca Lines include their use as religious or ceremonial pathways, astronomical calendars to mark agricultural events, water-related rituals, and even as markers to attract the benevolence of gods. Some theories also suggest that they served as markers for travelers or were linked to fertility and abundance of crops.
Why do some researchers believe the Nazca Lines are connected to astronomical events?
-Researchers like Paul Kosok and Maria Reiche proposed that the Nazca Lines might have been used as an astronomical calendar, with certain lines aligning with the sunrise on solstices or representing constellations. For example, the hummingbird's beak aligns with the sunrise on the December solstice.
What is the extraterrestrial theory about the Nazca Lines, and who proposed it?
-The extraterrestrial theory suggests that the Nazca Lines were created with the assistance or influence of alien beings. Swiss author Erich von Däniken proposed that the lines were landing fields for extraterrestrial spacecraft, and later, Reverend Sean Malone suggested they were made by the 'Orion Group,' an alien force that marks Earth as a hunting ground.
What was Jim Woodman's theory about how the Nazca people created the geoglyphs, and how was it tested?
-Jim Woodman theorized that the Nazca people used hot air balloons to guide their creation of the geoglyphs from above. To test this theory, he crafted a balloon using materials available to the Nazca people and attempted a test flight. Although the balloon initially worked, it soon lost altitude, and the experiment ended with Woodman and his partner bailing out.
What recent discoveries have been made regarding the Nazca Lines, and how have they contributed to our understanding?
-Recent discoveries include the identification of 143 new geoglyphs by a Japanese research team using fieldwork, high-resolution 3D data, and AI technology. These findings revealed more details about the bird figures and suggested that some of the geoglyphs served as ritual places or wayposts for travelers. In 2020, a 37-meter-long cat geoglyph was also discovered, adding to the variety of figures known.
Outlines
🌍 The Nazca Valley: A Mysterious Landscape
The Nazca Valley, a flat, dry expanse sheltered by wind and rarely graced by rain, may seem unremarkable at first glance. However, ancient civilizations transformed this barren canvas into a giant archaeological monument known as the Nazca Lines, with functions that remain mysterious. These geoglyphs, some resembling mythical creatures and possibly serving as astronomical maps, continue to intrigue historians and researchers today.
🦅 The Nazca Geoglyphs: Biomorphs and Geometrical Wonders
The Nazca Lines are located 400 kilometers south of Lima, Peru, spanning 450 square kilometers across desert plains. The geoglyphs fall into two categories: biomorphs (depicting animals, insects, and humanoid figures) and geometrical shapes. Among the best-known biomorphs are the monkey, the condor, the spider, and the hummingbird. The geometrical lines stretch for kilometers, forming patterns and mazes that hold great significance for the Nazca civilization, believed to have created them around 500 BC.
👩🏫 Rediscovering the Nazca Lines: From Conquistadors to Researchers
The Nazca Lines were first mentioned in 1553 by Spanish conquistador Pedro Ciesa de Leon, but it wasn’t until 1926 that Peruvian archaeologist Torubio Mayor Xepay brought them to modern attention. His work inspired further research by American historian Paul Kosok and German archaeologist Maria Reiche, known as the 'Lady of the Lines.' Reiche dedicated her life to studying and preserving the geoglyphs, earning fame for her tireless efforts, even sweeping the lines herself.
👽 Alien Theories: Were the Nazca Lines Created by Extraterrestrials?
Some theories, like those from author Erich von Däniken, suggest that the Nazca Lines were created with the help of extraterrestrials, possibly as landing fields for spacecraft. Reverend Sean Malone revived the theory, connecting the Nazca Lines with the Orion constellation and claiming they were made by an alien group marking Earth for harvesting. However, these ideas have been met with skepticism, with some authors arguing they dismiss the capabilities of ancient human civilizations.
🎈 Nazca from Above: The Balloon Hypothesis
In 1977, Jim Woodman theorized that the Nazca people created the lines from above using hot air balloons. He attempted to prove this by building a balloon from materials available to the Nazca civilization. Despite a promising start, the flight ended prematurely, and the theory was later dismissed. Researchers demonstrated that the lines could be drawn from the ground using simple tools like ropes and stakes, without the need for airborne assistance.
🦢 Replicating the Nazca Lines: A Modern Experiment
In 1982, Dr. Joe Nickell and his family replicated the 134-meter-long condor geoglyph using simple tools and a grid system, proving that ancient people could create such intricate designs without advanced technology or aerial perspectives. The experiment showed that it was possible to recreate the Nazca Lines with basic methods in a short amount of time, dismissing theories of alien or supernatural intervention.
🌞 Religious Paths or Astronomical Calendar?
The purpose of the Nazca Lines remains debated. Some archaeologists believe the lines were religious paths or ceremonial decorations, while others, like Paul Kosok and Maria Reiche, suggest they served as a calendar to mark agricultural seasons, as some lines align with the solstices. Recent researchers have used modern technology to explore potential astronomical connections, although skeptics argue that any alignment between stars and lines is coincidental due to the vast number of visible stars.
🚶 Pathways and Water Rituals: A Functional Explanation
Anthony Aveni proposed that the Nazca Lines were related to water, with the trapezoidal shapes pointing toward watercourses. He suggested that the lines might have been footpaths for workers or part of rituals to invoke rainfall in the arid region. This theory aligns with the idea that the biomorphs represented animals associated with water, crops, and fertility, serving as propitiatory symbols to appeal for the gods' favor.
🔍 New Discoveries and Advanced Technologies
Recent discoveries have added new dimensions to the study of the Nazca Lines. In 2019, Japanese researchers used high-resolution 3D data and AI to uncover 143 new geoglyphs, offering new interpretations of their functions. These findings suggest that some geoglyphs were ritual spaces while others served as markers for travelers or territorial boundaries. In 2020, drones helped uncover new shapes, including a 37-meter-long cat, continuing the exploration of this ancient mystery.
📖 Nazca: A Canvas and a Book of Mysteries
The Nazca Plain is not just a canvas but a giant book of conflicting stories, with each discovery offering new interpretations. Technologies like drones and AI are helping researchers uncover hidden details, but the true purpose of the Nazca Lines remains elusive. The geoglyphs continue to intrigue and inspire exploration, keeping the mystery alive as scholars attempt to solve the puzzle behind these ancient markings.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Nazca Lines
💡Geoglyphs
💡Biomorphs
💡Astronomical Alignment
💡Paul Kosok
💡Maria Reiche
💡Extraterrestrial Theories
💡Hot Air Balloon Theory
💡Water Rituals
💡Deep Learning AI Discoveries
Highlights
The Nazca Valley was viewed as a massive canvas by ancient populations, used to express their creativity, spirituality, and imagination through geoglyphs.
The Nazca Lines are considered one of the largest horizontal archaeological monuments on Earth, drawing fascination and speculation from scholars and enthusiasts alike.
The geoglyphs are categorized into two types: biomorphs (depictions of living beings) and geometric patterns (lines and shapes), some of which extend up to 12 kilometers.
The Nazca civilization, which created the geoglyphs, thrived around 500 BC, with their artistic work potentially linked to ritualistic or ceremonial purposes.
Maria Reiche, known as the 'Lady of the Lines,' dedicated her life to studying and preserving the Nazca Lines, earning her a reputation for meticulously sweeping the geoglyphs clean.
Some early scholars theorized that the Nazca Lines were related to astronomical phenomena, with the shapes and lines aligning with stars and constellations.
Controversial theories suggest that the Nazca Lines may have been created with extraterrestrial help, most notably popularized by authors like Erich von Däniken.
Another theory proposes that the Nazca civilization might have used hot air balloons to observe and design the geoglyphs from above, although this has been largely dismissed.
The Nazca geoglyphs were created by removing the top layer of reddish pebbles, exposing a lighter substratum, and protecting the designs with strategically placed gravel.
Experimental attempts, like those led by Dr. Joe Nickell, showed that even modern-day beginners could recreate the Nazca designs using simple tools like ropes and stakes.
The purpose of the geoglyphs is still debated, with theories ranging from religious paths (Caminos Religiosos) to astronomical calendars, and even water-related rituals.
Some believe that the geoglyphs were meant to attract the gods’ favor for rainfall, an essential resource in the dry Nazca region.
Recent discoveries, like the 143 new geoglyphs found by Japanese researchers using AI, suggest that the Nazca Lines may have served multiple social and ritualistic purposes.
Some newly discovered geoglyphs, such as a large cat figure found in 2020, continue to intrigue and expand our understanding of the Nazca culture.
Emerging technologies like drones and AI have helped identify previously unknown geoglyphs, advancing our knowledge while also adding new layers of mystery.
Despite decades of study, the Nazca Lines remain one of the world’s greatest archaeological mysteries, with no definitive explanation for their creation or purpose.
Transcripts
to the uninquisitive mind the nazca
valley may not appear to be any
different than that of any other vast
expanse of flat dry land it is seldom
graced by the treasure that is rainfall
and it is sheltered by the wind sweeping
the coast and the hills but to the
imaginative intellects of the
populations who dwelled here centuries
ago this plane was an open massive
canvas on which to pour their
imagination creativity spirituality or
simply to carve endless tracks
fulfilling a still mysterious function
arguably the largest horizontal
archaeological monument on the planet
it's certainly one of the most
fascinating ancient aliens hot air
balloons astronomical maps and mythical
creatures what holds the key to the
secret of the nazca lines
[Music]
the nazca lines are a collection of
hundreds of geoglyphs located about 400
kilometers south of lima peru which
cover an area of about 450 square
kilometers across the desert plains by
the river rio grande nazca and the pam
pass of jumana to clarify a geoglyph is
a large drawing or symbol carved onto
the surface of the earth the geographs
at nazca can be divided into two
categories the first group is
representational these shapes depict in
a stylized way a variety of living
beings and so they are called biomorphs
the honest artists have captured with
linear elegance the likeness of animals
birds insects plants as well as humanoid
and mythical creatures amongst the
best-known ones that you may recognize
is the monkey with its spiral tail the
condor as long as an olympic stadium the
spider worthy of a superhero costume the
giant which some insist maybe an
astronaut or the hummingbird with its
beak dipped into two parallel lines the
second category includes lines and
abstract geometrical shapes of varying
complexity the lines are generally
straight and extend as far as 12
kilometers crossing dry riverbeds or
jumping over hills without ever losing
their direction some lines develop into
patterns mazes spirals or expand into
geometrical figures some up to 400
meters long these figures were clearly
of great relevance to its authors the
pre-columbian civilization of the nazcas
the evolution of this society can be
divided into four phases the proto early
middle and late phases the geoglyphs are
believed to have originated around the
middle period about 500 bc around that
time the nazca civilization was composed
of local chiefdoms and larger regional
centers which gravitated around huahche
a site of pilgrimage by the coast after
the disappearance of the nazca
civilization their geoglyphs were not
mentioned in any record until the year
1553 this is when spanish conquistador
pedro ciesa de leon made mention of
trail markers in one of his chronicles
possibly referring to the lines the
illustrated canvas of the rio grande and
the pampas was brought to the world's
attention only in 1926 thanks to
peruvian archaeologist torubio mayor
xepay he first spotted the patents while
hiking on hills nearby and later
observed them from a plane his talk
about the lines at a conference in 1939
inspired american historian paul carlson
to investigate the geoglyphs on site
cossack was the first to start a
systematic survey of the area later
joined by archaeologist richard p
sheadle and the legendary lady of the
lines maria rihe maria reihe was a
native of dresden germany not fond of
brown shirts toothbrush moustaches or
appropriated sun symbols she left the
country in 1932
just in time for the following years
maria worked in peru as a governess and
teacher before becoming cossoc's
assistant even after the historian left
peru in 1949 raji continued to dedicate
her life to the study and the
preservation of the lines and biomorphs
protecting them from intruders the
weather and deposits of sand in fact she
earned another nickname the lady of the
broom as she personally swept meter by
meter more than a thousand kilometers
worth of geoglyphs it was largely thanks
to her that the nazca lines achieved
worldwide fame and attracted scholars
from around the world the lady of the
lines died on june the 8th 1998. she
lived by her beloved geoglyphs to the
very last day and it is said that she
sometimes chased away intruders on a
wheelchair
[Music]
maria kossok and many others have all
published theories on the origins and
the functions of the nazca lines most
scholars agree that the bulk of the
geoglyphs in the basin of the rio grande
were etched sometime between 500 bc and
580. this time bracket was estimated by
raihi based on carbon dating of wooden
stakes ceramic vessels and other
artifacts found on site as we'll see
later in more detail the biomorphs are
probably more ancient than the geometric
patterns the shapes found at the pamper
of gemana though may be even older these
may have been left by the paracas and
tapara cultures who pre-date the nazca
by about three centuries and who also
left their marks in the nearby site of
palpa so far so good with the consensus
the wild and separate theorizing starts
when we approach the other big questions
how did these ancient people draw the
patterns what was the function of the
drawings and did those artists receive
any help from above one of the first
historians to study the site paul kossok
joe kidney noted that the lines looked
like prehistoric landing fields this was
an unfortunate comment which may have
been picked up by swiss author eric von
deineken in his book chariots of the
gods of 1970 von dynachan suggests a
direct alien involvement his view is
that an extraterrestrial craft may have
been headed to nazca to extract minerals
the aliens on board dispatched a landing
probe which left a long line in the
ground the spectacle must have left the
nazcas in awe it must have been
important of the gods
of course important which inspired them
to draw more and more lines and then
biomorphic shapes is an offering to the
beings from above a sequence of events
which you may have noticed contradicts
the actual chronology of the artwork
remember first it was the biomorphs and
then it was geometry on a separate
occasion the swiss best-selling writer
also speculated that certain patterns
may have been delineated landing fields
for spaceships no mention of whether it
was duty-free though the alien origin
theory has recently been revived by
reverend raj and sean malone in his
publication the orion lines solving the
nazca lines and the secret to the stars
reverend malone noted how the straight
lines of the planes tend to converge
into three main hubs in his
interpretation these three points
replicate the constellation orion ergo
the nazca lines were designed and carved
by an extraterrestrial force known as
the orion group a satanic force who
takes over star system sick throughout
the galaxy if not the universe malone
proceeds to provide proof that this
group has placed orion patterns at nazca
as well as other ancient and modern
architectural sites this pattern by the
way consists of three dots placed along
the same line so
well let's just say it's not exactly
unique is it but what matters is the
function of these patterns the group has
placed them to ward off competing aliens
from messing with planet earth their
objective though is not to protect us
rather to mark our world as a hunting
ground on them so they can harvest
adenochrome from our adrenal glands all
right then and the orion group harvests
more than
apparently when studying the pyramids of
giza reverend malone speculated the
following when i looked up at the
blueprints to the great pyramid i
immediately knew it was a water well and
that they were water harvesting the
kneel sick again river they were
processing h2o and ionizing it creating
h3o also known as hydronium to fuel
their craft to comment on these theories
the best we could do is to borrow from
author jason colovito when reviewing the
works avond anakin the underlying
message of ondanican's work has long
been that non-white peoples are
incapable of achieving great things
without help from an outside force we
can expand on this by saying that
certain authors feel the need to treat
mankind as the lazy kid sitting at the
back of the room only capable of copying
homework from
aliens
[Music]
in 1977 author jim woodman did not buy
into this notion he believed that the
nazcas didn't need any design
consultancy from orion to do their job
yet he still thought that the only way
to carve the nazca lines was to direct
work from above not from a spacecraft
but from a hot air balloon to prove his
point he crafted a balloon using
material and technology which would have
been available to the nazca people he
even organized a test flight with
balloonist julian knott which
surprisingly actually started pretty
well but the contraptions soon started
losing altitude and the experiment risks
ending in disaster in the end the two
brave researchers had to bail out of
their flying basket three meters above
the ground before hitting the pampas
american archaeologist anthony avini
later dismissed the notion that nazcas
had gone airborne the hills adjacent to
the valley are more than enough of a
vantage point great so we have now
established that the geoglyphs were
drawn by human artists with their feet
firmly on the ground
but how exactly paul soccer and maria
reihe demonstrated that the shapes were
obtained by simply removing the top
layer of reddish oxidized pebbles
revealing a clearer substratum of sand
and dirt the gravel was then placed
along the cleared path protecting them
from exposure before this stage nazkar
artists prepared sketches on small
square plots roughly two meters for each
side the preliminary drawing was then
broken down into smaller parts each to
be enlarged the longer lines were carved
on the ground using ropes stretched
between poles circles were done by
anchoring a length of rope to a rock or
stake more complex curves could be drawn
by linking appropriate arcs in august of
1982 dr joe nickell decided to put this
theory to the test the stage magician
private investigator and research fellow
for the committee of skeptical inquiry
sought to reproduce the 134 meter long
carving of the condor nickel enlisted a
crew of absolute beginners to prove that
anybody could accomplish the endeavor he
got help from his father his cousins and
a twelve-year-old nephew nicole and
family drafted a small preparatory
drawing then plotted 165 key points in
the figure in relation to a vertical
axis running through the condor they
then painted a 134 meter long vertical
axis on an empty field and replicated
the 165 points adjusted to scale next
they played a giant connect the dots by
stretching lengths of twine from one
point to the other finally they used the
stretched twine as a guide to draw the
lines the end result was incredibly
similar to the original condor and nazca
and it took barely two days of work to
complete no balloons were crashed in the
process and no adrenocrone was harvested
[Music]
we have discussed who covered the valley
of nazca and etchings and how they did
it but we still need to understand with
certainty why they did it what was the
purpose of the biomorphs the geometric
patterns and the long lines disappearing
into the horizon there are several
theories none of which has been
conclusively confirmed or disproven in
1927 archaeologist turabio major expert
suggested that the more linear designs
were caminos religiosos which could be
translated as religious paths or
pilgrimage tracks perhaps heading to the
nazca coastal hub of koachi his
colleague alan sawyer expanded the
religious concept to the biomorphs in
1975. according to him individuals would
walk atop the contours of the drawings
thus absorbing the nature or essence of
the object paul kosak and maria reichi
also buy into the ritualistic function
the geoglyphs may have been ceremonial
decorations to attract the benevolence
of the gods but the duo also proposed an
alternative theory according to which
the nazca valley was a sort of enormous
calendar used by the locals to mark key
moments of the agricultural year they
found for example that certain lines
converge towards the sunrise on the
winter and summer solstices and certain
biomorphs may correspond to the shapes
of constellations for example the monkey
shared some similarities with the big
dipper in recent years physicist emilius
baravigna used google maps and the
software stellarium to identify precise
alignments between geoglyphs and
celestial objects she found for instance
that the long bill of the frigate bird
points to the star for malhout as it
would have appeared in the skies over
the year 1000 a.d although the beak of
the hummingbird dips into two perfectly
parallel lines as the scientist puts it
the direction of these lines corresponds
to the direction of the sunrise on the
december solstice this means that the
hummingbird is drinking the light of sun
these theories have been counter-argued
by authors helene silverman and donald
prowl their point is that any alignment
between a star and a ground marking is
statistically insignificant considering
the huge number of stars visible in the
night sky at nazca this astronomical
debate has continued well into the 2010s
since the mid-1980s though another line
of thought has also emerged
archaeologist anthony avini has found
that most of the radial lines emanating
from the nazca plane ended in
trapezoidal shapes 400 meters long and
40 meters wide on average these shapes
are typically oriented along
watercourses with the narrow end
pointing upstream this led him to
speculate that the lines were related to
water in some important way either
functional or ritualistic avini also
suggested that the straight lines could
be merely narrow footpaths as they
present many similarities with those
developed by the incas centuries later
these footpaths may have been used by
the alias or kin-related groups to reach
their place of work according to the
later developed emitter system andean
societies required a-list to move across
the region and spend pre-assigned time
working far from home maybe these paths
are a trace of a pre-existing similar
labor system allowing commuters from
centuries ago to find their bearings
johann reinhard writing for national
geographic has expanded on the water
theme this region may receive only about
20 minutes of rain per year therefore
water is clearly vital his idea is that
the lines were meant to lead pilgrims to
places where rituals were performed to
obtain water and fertility of crops so
what about the biomorphs according to
reinhardt the end purpose was the same
most of the depicted animals were
associated with the concepts of water
abundance of crops and fertility this
indicates that they may have been
propatiatory symbols carved to petition
the grace of rainfall from the gods
i should stress again that no definitive
explanation has been agreed upon yet the
exploration analysis and interpretation
of the geoglyphs is as popular as ever
in recent years in june of 2019 a trio
of japanese research has concluded that
many of the bird biomoths have been
misidentified the famous hummingbird for
example is now considered to be a hermit
close enough they belong to the same
genus but hermits are not local to the
nazca pampers the trio have also spotted
a pelican hailing from the coast their
conclusion is that nazcar artists came
across these birds while traveling and
when choosing subjects for their
drawings they went for the exotic option
in november of 2019 another japanese
research team from yamagata university
discovered an impressive 143 new
drawings on the nazca pamper and the
surrounding area 142 of them were
identified through field work analysis
of high resolution 3d data the 143rd was
discovered by developing an artificial
intelligence model on a server
configured with the deep learning
platform ibm watson the yamagata
research offers new interpretation as to
the nature of the geoglyphs the oldest
shapes dubbed type b date to the initial
nazca period between 100 bc and 180.
they are between 5 and 10 meters in
length and form solid colored surfaces
type a geoglyphs are over 100 meters
long were created in the early nazca
period 100 to 300 a.d the team concluded
that type a figures delimited ritual
places here in inhabitants of the valley
performed ceremonies involving the
destruction of pottery vessels while
type b's usually found on sloping
inclines may have been used as way posts
for travelers or to demarcate
territories in a way they indicated that
a certain area belonged to a certain
social group from may to november 2020
peruvian archaeologist johnny island
identified further type b shapes with
the help of a drone the new geoglyphs
are located in both the nazca and papa
valleys and appeared to belong to an
earlier tradition the latest find is the
internet's best friend a 37 meter long
cat resting on the side of a hill not
all new finds are on the fluffy side
before revealing the cat professor
spotted a 65 meter long biomorph with
terrifying features it appears to be an
orca but it has a human arm and it holds
a severed head moorheads appear to have
been ingested by the creature the orca
is located some 50 kilometers north of
the unesco site and isla believes it to
belong to a transitional stage between
the culture that carved the type b's and
the later nazca tradition so he started
today's episode by referring to the
nazca plane as an enormous canvas if
there's something we've learned from the
existing studies it's that it could also
be compared to a giant book a book of
conflicting stories in which each
chapter hints at a different solution
wildly pointing to opposite directions
recent technology such as drones or ai
has helped us read plot twists
previously hidden between the lines but
we are far from flicking to the last
page where the mystery is revealed
so i really hope you found this video
interesting if you did please do hit
that thumbs up button below don't forget
to subscribe and as always
thank you for watching
[Music]
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