Struktur Atom (4) | Apa itu isotop, isoton, dan isobar? | Kimia Kelas 10
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script introduces the concepts of isotopes, isotones, and isobars in chemistry. It explains isotopes as atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers, isotones as atoms with the same number of neutrons, and isobars as atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers. The script uses examples and mnemonics to help viewers remember these concepts and includes a practice exercise to identify isotopes, isotones, and isobars among given atoms.
Takeaways
- 🔬 Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number (protons) but different mass numbers (protons + neutrons).
- 📚 The word 'isotope' ends in 'tope', which stands for 'proton', indicating that isotopes have the same number of protons.
- 🌐 Example isotopes include carbon-12 and carbon-13, both with an atomic number of 6 but different mass numbers.
- 🤔 Isotones are atoms with the same number of neutrons, which can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
- 📝 The word 'isotone' ends in 'tone', which stands for 'neutron', indicating that isotones have the same number of neutrons.
- 🧠 Example isotones include magnesium-24 and sodium-23, both with 12 neutrons.
- 📊 Isobaric atoms have the same mass number but different atomic numbers and proton counts.
- 🔢 The word 'isobar' is associated with 'bar', symbolizing mass number, which is the number above the element symbol.
- 📖 Example isobaric atoms include xenon-131 and iodine-131, both with a mass number of 131.
- 🔍 To identify isotopes, isotones, and isobaric pairs, one must compare the atomic numbers, mass numbers, and neutron counts of different atoms.
- 🎓 The video provides a practical exercise to help viewers differentiate between isotopes, isotones, and isobaric atoms.
Q & A
What are isotopes?
-Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number, which means they have the same number of protons, but different mass numbers due to a different number of neutrons.
How can you remember the term 'isotope'?
-The term 'isotope' ends with 'tope' which stands for 'proton', indicating that isotopes have the same number of protons.
What is an example of isotopes mentioned in the script?
-An example of isotopes given is carbon-12 and carbon-13, both having the atomic number 6 but different mass numbers.
What are isotones?
-Isotones are atoms that have the same number of neutrons, which can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
How can you remember the term 'isotone'?
-The term 'isotone' ends with 'tone' which stands for 'neutron', indicating that isotones have the same number of neutrons.
What is an example of isotones mentioned in the script?
-An example of isotones given is magnesium-24 and sodium-23, both having 12 neutrons.
What are isobars?
-Isobars are atoms that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers and proton counts.
How can you remember the term 'isobar'?
-The term 'isobar' starts with 'bar' which is a symbol for mass number, indicating that isobars have the same mass number.
What is an example of isobars mentioned in the script?
-An example of isobars given is xenon-131 and iodine-131, both having a mass number of 131.
How can you determine if two atoms are isotopes?
-To determine if two atoms are isotopes, check if they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
How can you determine if two atoms are isotones?
-To determine if two atoms are isotones, calculate the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number and check if they are the same.
How can you determine if two atoms are isobars?
-To determine if two atoms are isobars, check if they have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.
Outlines
👋 Introduction to Isotopes, Isotons, and Isobars
The presenter begins by greeting the audience and introducing the topic of the video: isotopes, isotons, and isobars. They explain the concept of isotopes, which are pairs or groups of atoms with the same atomic number (i.e., the same number of protons) but different mass numbers and neutron counts. A helpful mnemonic is provided where the letter 'p' in 'isotope' stands for the same number of protons. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-13 are isotopes because they have the same atomic number (6) but different mass numbers (12 and 13).
🧮 Understanding Isotons and their Characteristics
The second part focuses on isotons, which are atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers. A mnemonic for recalling this concept is using the letter 'n' in 'isoton' to represent neutrons. An example is given with carbon-13 (with 7 neutrons) and nitrogen-14 (with 7 neutrons) being isotons because their neutron counts are identical, despite different atomic and mass numbers.
⚖️ Explanation of Isobars
The third section covers isobars, which are atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers and proton counts. The presenter suggests using the letter 'a' in 'isobar' as a reminder of mass number. An example is provided using potassium-40 (K-40) and calcium-40 (Ca-40), which are isobars because they have the same mass number of 40, though their atomic numbers differ.
📝 Practice Problems on Isotopes, Isotons, and Isobars
In this section, the presenter moves on to a problem-solving exercise, asking viewers to identify pairs of atoms that are isotopes, isotons, or isobars from a list. The key to identifying isotopes is that the atoms must have the same number of protons, such as xenon-54-131 and xenon-54-128, which are isotopes. Another example is thallium-52, which is also identified as having isotopic properties based on its atomic symbols.
🔎 Finding Isotons: Practice Problems
Next, the focus is on finding isotons, starting with calculating the number of neutrons in each atom. The process involves subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. For example, magnesium-12 and sodium-11 are identified as isotons because both have 12 neutrons. Another pair of isotons identified in this section are tellurium-74 and xenon-74, based on their neutron counts.
📊 Identifying Isobars: Practice Problems
The final problem-solving section focuses on finding isobars, where the atomic pairs must have the same mass number. Xenon-131 and iodine-131 are identified as an isobar pair since both have the same mass number of 131, despite different atomic numbers. The presenter notes that this is the only isobar pair found in the example.
🎬 Conclusion and Final Thoughts
The video wraps up with a summary of the concepts covered: isotopes, isotons, and isobars. The presenter encourages viewers to subscribe to the channel and turn on notifications to stay updated with future lessons. A friendly farewell is given to close out the session, reinforcing the importance of learning chemistry and mathematics through the channel.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Isotop
💡Isoton
💡Isobar
💡Proton
💡Neutron
💡Atomic Number
💡Atomic Mass
💡Element Symbol
💡Number of Neutrons
💡Chemical Identity
Highlights
Introduction to isotopes, isotones, and isobars.
Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Isotopes can be remembered by the letter 'p' at the end of the word, standing for proton.
Example of isotopes: Atoms with atomic number 6 and mass numbers 12 and 13.
Isotopes have the same number of protons.
Isotones are atoms with the same number of neutrons.
Isotones can be remembered by the letter 'n' at the end of the word, representing neutron.
Example of isotones: Atoms with atomic numbers 6 and 7, and mass numbers 13 and 14.
Isotones have the same number of neutrons.
Isobars are atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers.
Isobars can be remembered by the letter 'A', symbolizing mass number.
Example of isobars: Atoms with atomic numbers 1948 and 20, both with a mass number of 40.
Explanation of how to determine isotopes by looking at the atomic number and mass number.
Explanation of how to determine isotones by calculating the number of neutrons.
Explanation of how to determine isobars by comparing the mass number.
Practical exercise to identify isotopes, isotones, and isobars among given atoms.
Finding isotopes by matching the atomic number.
Finding isotones by matching the number of neutrons.
Finding isobars by matching the mass number.
Conclusion and invitation to continue learning chemistry and mathematics.
Encouragement to subscribe and like the video for more educational content.
Transcripts
Halo Assalamualaikum Halo adik-adik
ketemu lagi dengan Kakak di channel
kinematika di video kali ini kita akan
belajar tentang isotop isoton dan isobar
Oke kita langsung saja yang pertama
adalah isotop-isotop adalah pasangan
atom atau atom-atom yang memiliki nomor
atom sama jumlah proton sama tetapi
nomor massa dan neutronnya berbeda cara
gampang untuk mengingatnya lihat saja
huruf terakhir isotop berarti huruf
terakhirnya adalah p p artinya Proton
sama contoh misal
yang memiliki nomor atom 6 nomor massa
12 dan atom c yang lainnya memiliki
nomor atom 6 nomor massa 13 kedua atom
ini disebut dengan isotop karena
memiliki jumlah proton yang sama yaitu
sama-sama
Hai yang kedua isoton
Hai isoton adalah atom-atom yang
memiliki jumlah neutron yang sama jadi
cara gampang mengingatnya lihat saja
huruf terakhirnya huruf terakhirnya
adalah n tapi n itu adalah neutron
contoh misal ada atom c dengan nomor
massa 13 dan nomor atom 6 kemudian ada
atom n dengan nomor atom 7 nomor massa
14 kita hitung jumlah neutron
masing-masing untuk c jumlah neutronnya
adalah 13 dikurang 6 = 7 Kemudian untuk
atom n jumlah elektronnya sama dengan 14
dikurang 7 yaitu 7 kedua atom ini
disebut dengan isoton karena memiliki
jumlah neutron yang sama yaitu sama-sama
7 kita lanjut yang ketiga isobar
keberadaan Allah atom-atom yang memiliki
nomor massa sama tetapi nomor atom dan
jumlah protonnya berbeda nah cara
gampang mengingatnya lihat saja huruf a
hinged Aini adalah lambang dari nomor
massa jadi untuk isobar nomor massanya
sama contoh misalnya ada atom kah 1948
ca20 40 kedua atom ini disebut dengan
isobar karena memiliki nomor massa yang
sama yaitu 40 agar lebih paham Yuk kita
lanjutkan latihan soal diantara
atom-atom berikut ini manakah Pasangan
yang merupakan isotop isoton dan isobar
kita cari yang isotopnya dulu ingat
isotop ujungnya p w
piton nya sama untuk menentukan jumlah
proton kita lihat angka yang ada di
bawah untuk mg12cx 5453 XL 54 ke kita
udah ketemu satunya yang protonnya sama
yaitu xe5 4 131 dan xe5 4-128 na11 t52
TL 52 kayaknya Sama ya protonnya Sama
berarti mereka berisotop
Hai TL 52 126 dan
slide55 thus 27 jadi ada dua pasang
isotop Oh ya Selain jumlah proton untuk
memastikan kedua atom tersebut adalah
isotop atau bukan itu bisa dilihat dari
lambang atomnya jika mereka berisotop
lambang atomnya juga pasti sama
Ayo kita lanjut mencari isoton
Hai ingat lagi isoton adalah atom-atom
yang neutronnya
Hai untuk mencari pasangan isoton kita
harus tentukan dulu jumlah neutron
masing-masing dari atom ini neutron itu
sama dengan nomor massa dikurang dengan
nomor atom atau angka atas dikurang
angka bawah
hai hai
Hai Nah baru kita bisa cari mana yang
beri soton atau jumlah neutronnya sama
kita cek satu-satu mg-12 npm.exe 77 i7
8xx 74 Ena 12 berarti na jumlah
neutronnya = mmg Jadi mereka berisotonik
ya mg-12 24 berisotonik dengan na11 23
Kenapa karena jumlah neutron mereka sama
kita cari yang lain apakah masih ada
yang sama t74 tadi ada yang 74 ya exe ya
kayak jadi t dan XL juga berisotonik
kita lanjut mencari isobar nya
Hai ingat isobar itu adalah atom-atom
yang memiliki aa700mah sayang sama nomor
massa itu adalah angka yang ada di atas
kita cek satu-satu mg24fx 131 i-131 oke
langsung ketemu ya Jadi yang isobar
adalah x Edane karena nomor massanya
sama Pak ada yang lain nggak ada ya yang
lainnya semua beda jadi kita hanya
menemukan satu pasangan isobar yaitu xe5
4 131 dengan i53 131 oke adik-adik
sekian dulu untuk kali ini Terima kasih
sudah menonton jika kalian suka dengan
video ini silahkan klik subscribe jangan
lupa bintang loncengnya Ya belajar kimia
dan matematika ingat himatika
bye bye bye
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