Struktur Atom | Elektron Proton Neutron | Notasi Atom | No Massa | Isotop Isobar Isoton Isoelektron

Summary

This video explains the atomic structure, detailing the subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. It covers their discovery, mass, charge, and roles within atoms. It also introduces atomic notation, where the atomic number represents protons and the mass number represents the sum of protons and neutrons. The video explores ions, the effect of charges on electrons, and how isotopes, isobars, isotones, and isoelectrons differ. The example of sodium and sulfur atoms helps clarify how to determine protons, electrons, and neutrons. Ultimately, the video offers a comprehensive understanding of atomic structure and its key concepts.

Takeaways

• 😀 Atoms are composed of three basic subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons.
• 😀 Electrons are negatively charged particles, discovered by Joseph John Thomson in 1897.
• 😀 Protons are positively charged particles, discovered by Eugen Goldstein around 1886 and named by Ernest Rutherford in 1917.
• 😀 Neutrons are neutral particles, discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
• 😀 Electrons have a very small mass (9.11 × 10^-28 grams), while protons and neutrons have nearly equal masses, each around 1.67 × 10^-24 grams.
• 😀 In atomic mass units (AMU), an electron has a mass of 0 AMU, and both protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 AMU.
• 😀 Electrons and protons have charges of -1 and +1, respectively, while neutrons have no charge.
• 😀 Atomic notation includes the atomic symbol (X), atomic number (Z), and atomic mass (A), where Z represents the number of protons, and A is the sum of protons and neutrons.
• 😀 The atomic number defines the number of protons and is unique to each element.
• 😀 Ions are atoms with a charge, caused by an imbalance in the number of electrons. A positively charged ion loses electrons, while a negatively charged ion gains electrons.
• 😀 Isotopes, isobars, isotones, and isoelectrons describe atoms with similarities in protons, mass numbers, neutrons, or electrons respectively.

Q & A

What are the three basic subatomic particles that make up an atom?

The three basic subatomic particles that make up an atom are electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Who discovered the electron and in what year?

The electron was discovered by Joseph John Thomson in 1897.

What is the charge of a proton and who first identified it?

A proton has a positive charge of +1. It was first identified by Ernest Rutherford.

What are neutrons, and who discovered them?

Neutrons are neutral particles with no charge, and they were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.

How does the mass of an electron compare to protons and neutrons?

The mass of an electron is much smaller than that of protons and neutrons. An electron has a mass of approximately 9.11 x 10^-28 grams, while protons and neutrons have masses of approximately 1.67 x 10^-24 grams each.

What is atomic notation, and what does it represent?

Atomic notation is a shorthand representation of an atom, typically written as 'X', where 'A' is the atomic mass and 'Z' is the atomic number. 'Z' represents the number of protons in the atom, and 'A' represents the total number of protons and neutrons.

How is the number of electrons in a neutral atom determined?

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. This ensures that the atom has no overall charge.

What happens to the number of electrons in an ion?

In an ion, the number of electrons differs from the number of protons. A positively charged ion has lost electrons, while a negatively charged ion has gained electrons.

What is the difference between isotopes, isobars, isotones, and isoelectrons?

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different mass numbers. Isobars have the same mass number but different atomic numbers. Isotones have the same number of neutrons, and isoelectrons have the same number of electrons.

Can you give an example of two isoelectronic ions?

An example of two isoelectronic ions is 23 11Na+ and 19 9F-. Both ions have the same number of electrons (10 electrons).