S9Q1W6 | SPECIES EXTINCTION & ADAPTATION (Extinct Animals)
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the critical topics of species extinction and adaptation, highlighting the significance of biodiversity and population dynamics. It contrasts environments like the coconut plantation with the more diverse Tuba Tahari marine ecosystem. The video outlines natural causes of extinction, such as climate shifts, sea level changes, and cosmic events, and underscores human-induced factors like overpopulation, habitat destruction, and pollution. It emphasizes the importance of a balanced ecosystem for species survival and the challenges posed by environmental disruptions.
Takeaways
- 🌿 **Biodiversity Defined**: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans.
- 🌳 **Population and Biodiversity**: A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place; biodiversity is higher where there are more different kinds of species.
- 🏝️ **Diversity Comparison**: Tuba Tahari, a marine ecosystem, is more diverse than a coconut plantation because it hosts various aquatic species.
- 🐦 **Threatened Species**: Species with rapidly declining populations, like the Philippine eagle, are considered endangered.
- 🦏 **Extinct Species**: Extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies; examples include the Philippine rhinoceros and the Cebu song.
- 🔥 **Natural Causes of Extinction**: Climate change, changes in sea levels or currents, volcanic activity, asteroids, cosmic radiation, and acid rain can lead to extinction.
- 🦠 **Disease Epidemic**: Species losing their ability to fight off diseases due to climate change and habitat loss can face extinction.
- 🌐 **Invasive Species**: Invasive species outcompete native species for resources, leading to the decline and potential extinction of native species.
- 🏠 **Human Causes of Extinction**: Increased human population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are significant human-induced causes of species extinction.
- 🌱 **Balanced Ecosystem**: A balanced ecosystem, where all living and non-living components interact harmoniously, is crucial for species survival.
Q & A
What is biodiversity?
-Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including every living thing such as plants, bacteria, animals, and humans. Earth's biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered.
How is biodiversity different from population?
-Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area, while population refers to a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.
Which of the two pictures shown in the script, the coconut plantation or Tuba Taharif, shows a higher level of diversity?
-Tuba Taharif, which contains different kinds of aquatic species, shows a higher level of diversity compared to the coconut plantation.
What is considered a threatened species?
-A threatened species is one where the population declines so fast that it becomes endangered, such as the Philippine eagle or the Tamaraw from Mindoro.
What does it mean when a species is considered extinct?
-Extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies. Examples of extinct animals in the Philippines include the Philippine rhinoceros and the Cebu song.
What are some natural causes of extinction mentioned in the script?
-Natural causes of extinction include climatic heating and cooling, changes in sea levels or currents, asteroids, cosmic radiation, acid rain, and disease epidemics.
How does climate change affect species and contribute to extinction?
-Climate change, caused by various factors, can lead to severe weather conditions and a changing chemical makeup of surroundings that species are not used to, making it difficult for them to find food and increasing the risk of diseases and epidemics.
What role do invasive species play in extinction?
-Invasive species invade foreign territory and use resources that other species depend on. This can lead to competition, and often the native species cannot compete and die off.
What are the top human causes of extinction listed in the script?
-The top human causes of extinction include increased human population, destruction and fragmentation of habitat, pollution such as water and air pollution, climate change or global warming, and habitat degradation.
How does habitat loss and degradation affect threatened species?
-Habitat loss and degradation affect a significant percentage of all threatened birds, mammals, and amphibians, as it disrupts their living conditions and food sources, leading to population decline and potential extinction.
What is the significance of a balanced ecosystem?
-A balanced ecosystem is one in which all living and non-living things are interacting harmoniously. If any part of the ecosystem is disturbed, other parts will also be affected, which can lead to species extinction.
Outlines
🌿 Biodiversity and Species Adaptation
This paragraph introduces the concept of biodiversity, which encompasses the variety of life forms in an area, including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans. It highlights that Earth's biodiversity is so rich that many species are yet to be discovered. The script then defines 'population' in terms of biodiversity as a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place. It uses the example of a coconut plantation versus a marine ecosystem to illustrate the difference in biodiversity levels. The paragraph also discusses threatened species, whose populations decline rapidly, endangering their survival, exemplified by the Philippine eagle. It concludes with examples of extinct species in the Philippines, emphasizing the finality of extinction when the last member of a species dies.
🌍 Natural and Human Causes of Extinction
This segment delves into the reasons behind species extinction, starting with natural causes such as climatic fluctuations, which can lead to severe weather conditions that species are ill-adapted to handle. It also mentions changes in sea levels and currents due to melting ice and volcanic activity, which can alter marine ecosystems. The paragraph addresses the threat of asteroids and cosmic radiation, which can cause genetic mutations and weaken species. Acid rain and disease epidemics are also highlighted as natural causes that can lead to species extinction. Turning to human-induced causes, it lists increased human population, habitat destruction and fragmentation, pollution, and climate change as significant threats. The paragraph emphasizes the impact of habitat loss and degradation on threatened species and concludes with a reference to research indicating that climate change may lead to the disappearance of climates not currently found on Earth's surface.
🌱 Ecosystem Balance and Adaptation
The final paragraph discusses the importance of a balanced ecosystem where all living and non-living components interact harmoniously. It stresses that any disturbance in the ecosystem can have a cascading effect on other parts. The script concludes the lesson by expressing hope that viewers have gained new insights into the topic of biodiversity, species adaptation, and the factors leading to extinction.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Biodiversity
💡Population
💡Species Extinction
💡Adaptation
💡Threatened Species
💡Climate Change
💡Sea Level Changes
💡Acid Rain
💡Invasive Species
💡Human Causes of Extinction
💡Ecosystem
Highlights
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans.
Population and biodiversity is a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.
Tuba taharif is more diverse than a coconut plantation due to different kinds of aquatic species.
Tuba taharif has more populations than a coconut plantation dominated by coconut trees.
Threatened species are those whose populations decline rapidly, becoming endangered.
The Philippine eagle and tamarao are examples of threatened species.
Extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies.
The Philippine rhinoceros and stagoden are examples of extinct animals in the Philippines.
Natural causes of extinction include climatic heating and cooling, affecting species' ability to adapt.
Changes in sea levels or currents can displace marine life and affect their habitats.
Volcanic activity and cosmic radiation can alter the chemical composition of the environment, affecting life.
Acid rain increases soil acidity, affecting plant life and aquatic ecosystems.
Disease epidemics can lead to the extinction of species that lose their ability to fend off diseases.
Invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, leading to extinction.
Human causes of extinction include increased human population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change.
Habitat loss and degradation affect a significant percentage of threatened birds, mammals, and amphibians.
Climate change may lead to the disappearance of certain ecosystems by the end of the 21st century.
A balanced ecosystem is crucial for the survival of all organisms; any disturbance can have cascading effects.
Transcripts
for today's video i am going to discuss
to you quarter one week six species
extinction and adaptation in this video
lesson you are expected to relate
species extinction to the failure of
populations of organisms to adapt to
abrupt changes in the environment so
without further ado let's get started
first let's have some definition of
terms let us define what is biodiversity
biodiversity refers to the variety of
life in an area it refers to every
living thing including plants bacteria
animals and humans
earth's biodiversity is so rich that
many species have yet to be discovered
next
[Music]
what is population and biodiversity it
is a group of organisms of the same
species living in a certain place
now
what can you say about these two
pictures
the first picture is a coconut
plantation and the second picture is the
tuba tahari
which pictures show high level of
diversity
that's right tu ba taharif with
different kinds of aquatic species are
more diverse than coconut plantation how
about the population
as you can see in the pictures shown
tuba taharif or marine ecosystem has
different groups of organisms of the
same species than a coconut plantation
with lesser group of organisms being
dominated by coconut trees in short tuba
taharif has more population than coconut
plantation
next
let us have threatened species these are
species wherein their population
declines so fast that it becomes
endangered one example is our philippine
eagle or the monkey eating eagle
take a look of these pictures
the first picture
is tamarao from mindoro and tar shears
that are usually seen in bohol
philippines when a species populations
become so low that only a few remain the
species is considered
danger
just like the tamarao and torsion in the
philippines
[Music]
do you know these kinds of animals
the first one is the philippine
rhinoceros the second one is what we
call stagoden
these animals are considered extinct
extinction occurs when the last member
of species
dies
here are some of the extinct animals in
the philippines take note of the
following so you can answer your
yearning task the first one is the asian
elephant in the period of holocene
[Music]
next we have
fossil marines in the period of place to
[Music]
cebu sing
in the period of pleistocene or hollison
[Music]
in the period of pleistocene
[Music]
in the period of holocene
[Music]
in the period of mayasen
[Music]
philippine rhinoceros in the period of
pleistocene
[Music]
tiger in the period of policy
[Music]
the question is
why does extinction occur
here are some of the natural causes the
first one is the climatic heating and
cooling
climate change is caused by a number of
things
the effect that climate has on
extinction is very deep
the biodiverse earth can keep up with
the rapid changes in temperature and
climate
the species are not used to severe
weather conditions and long sessions are
a changing chemical makeup of their
surroundings
as more species die it is only making it
more difficult for the survivors to find
food the warmer climates we are used to
present today are perfect for diseases
and epidemics to thrive
next
changes in sea levels or currents
the changes in sea levels and currents
is a result in part of the melting fresh
water the denser
saltier water sinks and forms the
currents that marine life depends on
ocean floors spreading and rising also
affects sea level a small rise in the
ocean floor can displace a lot of water
onto land that is already occupied
the gases from the volcanic activity can
also be absorbed by the water thus
changing the chemical composition
making it unsuitable for some life
next
asteroids
cosmic radiation
asteroids heat the earth with extreme
force
the reverberations can be felt around
the world
the intoxide is completely destroyed
cosmic radiation is gradually shown
being emitted from outer space and the
sun
it is hypothesized that being exposed to
too much cosmic radiation can mutate
genes which can potentially weaken a
species gene pool in the future
since the radiation comes from space and
the sun it is extremely difficult to
avoid radiation
a supernova remnant is one source of
cosmic radiation
next
acid rain
[Music]
acid grain forms when sulfur dioxide and
or nitrogen oxides are put into the
atmosphere the chemicals get absorbed by
water droplets in the clouds and
eventually fall to the earth as acid
precipitation
acid rain increases the acidity of the
soil which affects the plant life it can
also disturb rivers and lakes to a
possibly
lethal level
[Music]
next
disease epidemic
each species has defense mechanisms like
immunities and ability to fight disease
with the changing climate and land
escape certain species are losing their
ability to fend off disease
they are becoming more susceptible to
disease and epidemics
which can lead to their eventual
extinction
[Music]
next
spread of invasive species
invasive species invade foreign
territory they use resources that the
other species depend on
once competition gets too great the
survival of the fetus plan will begin
and one of the species
usually the natural one will die off
human causes of extinction
these are the top human causes of
extinction
increased human population
destruction fragmentation of habitat
pollution
such as water and air pollution
climate change or global warming
[Music]
habitat degradation
habitat loss and degradation affect 85
percent of all threatened birds 86
percent mammals and 88
of threatened amphibians
[Music]
climate change and global warming
according to john w williams research
their findings indicated that by the end
of the 21st century
large portions of the earth's surface
may experience climates not found at
present and some 21st century may
disappear
in any ecosystem organisms need a
balanced environment a balanced
ecosystem is one in which all living and
non-living things are interacting
harmoniously
if any part of the ecosystem is
disturbed
other parts will also be affected
[Music]
so that is all for our lesson for today
i hope you learned something new in this
video
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