Species Extinction and Adaptation | Extinct Animals | Grade 9 Science Quarter 1 Week 6

Maestrang Techy

8 Nov 202013:01

Summary

TLDRThis educational video lesson focuses on species extinction and adaptation, particularly in the context of grade 9 science. It defines biodiversity and population, illustrating their concepts with examples like coconut plantations and marine ecosystems. The video discusses threatened species like the Philippine eagle and extinct species such as the Philippine rhinoceros. It delves into natural causes of extinction, including climate change, sea level changes, and cosmic radiation, as well as human-induced factors like habitat destruction and pollution. The lesson aims to connect species extinction with the inability of populations to adapt to environmental changes, emphasizing the importance of a balanced ecosystem for survival.

Takeaways

🌿 **Biodiversity Defined**: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans.
🌳 **Population in Biodiversity**: A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.
🐠 **Diversity Comparison**: Tuba Taharif, a marine ecosystem, is more diverse than a coconut plantation due to a higher variety of species and populations.
🦅 **Threatened Species**: Species with rapidly declining populations, like the Philippine eagle, are considered endangered.
🦏 **Extinct Animals**: The Philippine rhinoceros and Stagoden are examples of extinct species, where no members of the species remain.
🌡️ **Natural Causes of Extinction**: Climate change, changes in sea levels or currents, and cosmic events like asteroids and radiation can lead to extinction.
🌧️ **Acid Rain**: It increases soil acidity, affecting plant life and potentially making water bodies lethal for aquatic life.
🦠 **Disease Epidemics**: Changing climates and environments can make species more susceptible to diseases, leading to extinction.
🐍 **Invasive Species**: They compete with native species for resources, often leading to the decline or extinction of native species.
🏙️ **Human Causes of Extinction**: Increased human population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are significant human-induced causes of species extinction.
🌱 **Balanced Ecosystems**: Organisms depend on balanced ecosystems where living and non-living elements interact harmoniously; disruptions can lead to species extinction.

Q & A

What does biodiversity refer to?
-Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including every living thing such as plants, bacteria, animals, and humans.
How is a population defined in the context of biodiversity?
-In biodiversity, a population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.
What is the difference between the biodiversity levels in a coconut plantation and Tuba Tahari?
-Tuba Tahari, being a marine ecosystem, has a higher level of diversity with different kinds of aquatic species compared to a coconut plantation, which is dominated by coconut trees and has fewer groups of organisms.
What are threatened species?
-Threatened species are those whose populations decline so fast that they become endangered, such as the Philippine eagle or the Tamaraw.
What does it mean for a species to be considered extinct?
-A species is considered extinct when the last member of that species dies.
What are some examples of extinct animals in the Philippines mentioned in the script?
-Some examples of extinct animals in the Philippines mentioned are the Philippine rhinoceros and the Cebu tamara.
What are the natural causes of extinction according to the script?
-Natural causes of extinction include climatic heating and cooling, changes in sea levels or currents, asteroids, cosmic radiation, and acid rain.
How does acid rain affect biodiversity?
-Acid rain increases the acidity of the soil, affecting plant life, and can disturb rivers and lakes to a possibly lethal level, impacting aquatic species.
What are the human causes of extinction mentioned in the script?
-Human causes of extinction include increased human population, destruction and fragmentation of habitat, pollution such as water and air pollution, climate change or global warming, and habitat degradation.
Why is climate change considered a threat to species?
-Climate change is a threat because it can lead to climates not found at present, making it difficult for species to adapt, and potentially leading to their extinction.
What is the importance of a balanced ecosystem for species survival?
-A balanced ecosystem is crucial for species survival as it ensures that all living and non-living things interact harmoniously. Any disturbance can affect other parts of the ecosystem, impacting the survival of species.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Introduction to Biodiversity and Species Extinction

This segment introduces the topic of species extinction and adaptation in the context of grade 9 science. The video aims to help students understand the relationship between species extinction and the inability of populations to adapt to environmental changes. Key terms are defined, including biodiversity, which encompasses the variety of life in an area, and population, which refers to a group of organisms of the same species living together. The instructor uses images of a coconut plantation and a marine ecosystem to illustrate differences in biodiversity and population density. Threatened species, such as the Philippine eagle, are discussed, highlighting the rapid decline in their populations that leads to endangerment. The segment also touches on extinct species, providing examples of animals that have died out completely, and emphasizes the importance of recognizing and understanding these ecological concepts.

05:07

🌍 Causes of Extinction: Natural and Human-Induced Factors

This section delves into the causes of species extinction, both natural and human-induced. Natural causes include climate change, which affects species' ability to adapt to new temperatures and weather conditions, and changes in sea levels or ocean currents, which can alter habitats and food sources. The segment also discusses the impact of volcanic activity, asteroids, cosmic radiation, and acid rain on species survival. Human-induced causes are highlighted, with a focus on increased human population, habitat destruction and fragmentation, pollution, and climate change. The video emphasizes the significant impact of these factors on biodiversity, particularly noting the high percentage of threatened birds, mammals, and amphibians affected by habitat loss and degradation. The importance of a balanced ecosystem for the survival of all species is also underscored.

10:08

🌡️ Climate Change and Its Impact on Ecosystems

The final segment focuses on the effects of climate change and global warming on ecosystems. It cites research by John W. Williams, which suggests that by the end of the 21st century, significant portions of the Earth's surface may experience climates that are unrecognizable from today's, leading to the potential disappearance of species. The video stresses the need for a balanced ecosystem where all living and non-living components interact harmoniously. Disruptions to any part of the ecosystem can have cascading effects on other parts, highlighting the interconnectedness of ecological systems. The instructor concludes the lesson by encouraging viewers to like, share, and subscribe, and thanks them for watching.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, encompassing every living thing including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans. It is central to the video's theme as it sets the stage for discussing species extinction and adaptation. The video emphasizes Earth's rich biodiversity, noting that many species are yet to be discovered, which underscores the importance of understanding and preserving this diversity.

💡Population

In the context of biodiversity, a population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place. The video uses the example of a coconut plantation versus a marine ecosystem (tuba tahari) to illustrate the concept of population. The tuba tahari, with its various aquatic species, represents a more diverse and populous ecosystem compared to the predominantly coconut tree-dominated plantation.

💡Species Extinction

Species extinction is a critical concept in the video, defined as the event when the last member of a species dies. It is directly related to the video's theme of discussing the disappearance of species due to various factors. The video provides historical examples of extinct animals in the Philippines, such as the Philippine rhinoceros, to illustrate the concept and its real-world implications.

💡Adaptation

Adaptation is the process by which organisms adjust to changes in their environment to survive. The video connects species extinction to the failure of populations to adapt to abrupt environmental changes. It implies that the ability of species to adapt is crucial for their survival and is a key factor in the context of biodiversity and species preservation.

💡Threatened Species

Threatened species are those whose populations decline rapidly, making them endangered. The video mentions the Philippine eagle as an example of a threatened species, highlighting the vulnerability of such species and the urgency to address the factors leading to their decline.

💡Climatic Heating and Cooling

Climatic heating and cooling are natural causes of species extinction discussed in the video. They refer to changes in temperature and climate that can lead to the extinction of species unable to adapt to new conditions. The video explains how rapid climate changes can create severe weather conditions and alter the chemical makeup of environments, making it difficult for species to survive.

💡Acid Rain

Acid rain is formed when sulfur dioxide and/or nitrogen oxides are absorbed by water droplets in clouds and fall to earth as acid precipitation. The video explains how acid rain increases soil acidity, affecting plant life, and can disturb water bodies to lethal levels, contributing to species extinction.

💡Disease Epidemic

Disease epidemic refers to the rapid spread of infectious diseases within a population. The video discusses how changing climates and environments can make species more susceptible to diseases and epidemics, leading to potential extinction. It illustrates the vulnerability of species in the face of new or more virulent diseases.

💡Invasive Species

Invasive species are those that enter foreign territories and outcompete native species for resources. The video explains how invasive species can lead to the decline and eventual extinction of native species, as they disrupt the balance of ecosystems and compete for limited resources.

💡Human Causes of Extinction

The video identifies human activities as significant causes of species extinction, including increased human population, habitat destruction and fragmentation, pollution, and climate change. These factors are interconnected and have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, often leading to habitat loss and degradation, which in turn can cause species to become endangered or extinct.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of species extinction and adaptation in grade 9 science.

Definition of biodiversity as the variety of life in an area, including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans.

Explanation of population in biodiversity as a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.

Comparison of biodiversity levels between a coconut plantation and a marine ecosystem, with the latter being more diverse.

Discussion on threatened species and the rapid decline in their population, such as the Philippine eagle.

Identification of endangered species like the tamarao and tarsier in the Philippines due to low population numbers.

Introduction to extinct animals, including the Philippine rhinoceros and the concept that extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies.

Listing of extinct animals in the Philippines and the time periods in which they became extinct.

Natural causes of extinction, such as climatic heating and cooling, and their impact on species survival.

The role of changes in sea levels and currents in species extinction, affecting marine life and coastal habitats.

Impact of asteroids and cosmic radiation on Earth, potentially causing extinction through extreme force and gene mutations.

Acid rain's contribution to extinction by increasing soil acidity and disturbing aquatic ecosystems.

Disease epidemics as a cause of extinction, with species becoming more susceptible to diseases due to environmental changes.

The threat of invasive species to native species, leading to competition for resources and potential extinction of the native species.

Human causes of extinction, including increased human population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change.

The importance of a balanced ecosystem for the survival of all organisms and the consequences of habitat degradation.

Conclusion of the lesson with a call to action for viewers to like, share, and subscribe for more educational content.