EPS 28 Dua Kutub Pandangan yang Berbahaya dalam Ilmu Kalam

Summary

In episode 28, the discussion focuses on the Khawarij and Murji'ah, two dangerous theological views in Islamic history. The Khawarij, known for their extreme views, considered certain historical figures as apostates deserving death. They were strict in their interpretation of the Quran, yet lacked unity and compassion. The Murji'ah, on the other hand, believed that even grave sinners remain Muslims. This view undermines the importance of righteous actions, potentially leading to the dismissal of sins. Both views are cautioned against as they pose significant threats to the unity and faith of the Muslim community.

Takeaways

• 🕋 The speaker discusses the dangers of two extreme theological views in Islam: Khawarij and extreme Murji'ah.
• ⚔️ Khawarij are known for their violent approach, considering certain Muslims as apostates deserving death, including historical figures like Ali, Muawiya, and others who accepted arbitration.
• 🗡️ The Khawarij were particularly against the Umayyad Caliphate, except for the eighth Caliph, Umar bin Abdul Aziz, whom they respected.
• 📚 Khawarij are characterized by a literal interpretation of the Quran and strict adherence to its text, leading to extreme practices such as forcing menstruating women to fast.
• 🙏 Despite their strict religious practice, Khawarij were weak in social cohesion and unity, often resorting to violence and extreme measures to test the faith of others.
• 😈 The script recounts a tragic story of Abdullah bin Habhab, whose faith was questioned by the Khawarij, leading to his execution along with his pregnant wife.
• 💔 The actions of the Khawarij led to significant divisions within the Muslim community and a legacy of violence.
• 🧐 The extreme Murji'ah view is contrasted with the Khawarij; instead of seeking out apostates, they focus on those who remain Muslims but commit major sins, considering them still to be believers.
• 🕊️ According to extreme Murji'ah, sins do not affect one's faith, and even grave sins do not nullify a Muslim's belief in God.
• 🚫 The extreme Murji'ah view dismisses the importance of good deeds, seeing them as separate from faith, which can undermine the importance of righteous actions in Islam.
• ⚠️ Both Khawarij and extreme Murji'ah are warned against as they pose significant threats to the unity, safety, and integrity of the Muslim community, whether in majority or minority contexts.

Q & A

What are the two dangerous views in Islamic theology discussed in the script?

The two dangerous views discussed are the Khawarij and the extreme Murji'ah views.

What is the main belief of the Khawarij sect?

The Khawarij sect believes in focusing on efforts to find and kill Muslims who they consider to have become apostates, such as Ali, Muawiya, Amr bin As, and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari.

Who was Abdurrahman Bin Muljam and what is his significance in the script?

Abdurrahman Bin Muljam was a Khawarij missionary who assassinated Ali, one of the four individuals the Khawarij considered for assassination.

What is the stance of the Khawarij towards Umar bin Abdul Aziz?

The Khawarij respected Umar bin Abdul Aziz, the eighth Caliph, and did not find any fault in him to justify his assassination.

How did the Khawarij interpret the Quran in their beliefs?

The Khawarij were very literal in their interpretation of the Quran, considering it as the ultimate authority, and thus they had strict textualist views.

What is the extreme Murji'ah view and how does it differ from the Khawarij?

The extreme Murji'ah view is the opposite of the Khawarij; they consider individuals who commit major sins to still be Muslims, not apostates, and believe that verbal declarations of disbelief do not make a Muslim an apostate.

What are the two characteristics of the Khawarij mentioned in the script?

The two characteristics of the Khawarij mentioned are their strict adherence to the Quran and their strong practice of worship but weak sense of brotherhood and community behavior.

What is the 'istiraj' tradition of the Khawarij?

The 'istiraj' tradition of the Khawarij involves investigating or questioning the faith of Muslims they encounter.

What is the story of Abdullah bin Habbab and his wife as mentioned in the script?

Abdullah bin Habbab and his pregnant wife were captured by the Khawarij, who questioned his views on Ali before and after the judgment. Despite his wife's pleas, they were both killed, illustrating the harshness of the Khawarij.

How does the extreme Murji'ah view affect the understanding of worship and sin in Islam?

The extreme Murji'ah view suggests that worship such as prayer and giving alms are not acts of devotion to Allah but merely expressions of obedience. They also believe that sins do not damage a person's faith.

What is the warning about the Khawarij and extreme Murji'ah views given in the script?

The script warns that both the Khawarij and extreme Murji'ah views are dangerous and should be avoided as they pose significant threats to the unity, integrity, and safety of the Muslim community.