PANCASILA DALAM ARUS SEJARAH BANGSA - MATERI KULIAH PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN

Summary

This video lesson, presented by Ridwan Hashim, delves into the historical development of Indonesia's national ideology, Pancasila. The speaker explains key phases such as its inception in 1924, the influence of figures like Tan Malaka and Soekarno, and its finalization during the BPUPKI sessions. The discussion covers various perspectives, including nationalism, Islamism, and Marxism, highlighting the synthesis of these ideologies in Pancasila. The video also addresses Pancasila's challenges, its significance in modern Indonesia, and the decline in public awareness of its core values.

Takeaways

• 📜 The video discusses the history of Pancasila, Indonesia's foundational philosophy, rooted in its diverse sociopolitical landscape.
• 📅 The narrative begins in 1924, when Indonesian organizations in the Netherlands sparked early thoughts on national unity and independence.
• 📘 Key historical figures like Tan Malaka, Cokroaminoto, and Soekarno contributed ideas combining nationalism, Islamism, communism, and socialism in shaping Pancasila.
• 👥 The BPUPKI (Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence) played a crucial role in debating and formulating the fundamental principles of Pancasila in 1945.
• ⚖️ The five pillars of Pancasila were proposed to include belief in God, humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice, representing both nationalist and Islamic viewpoints.
• 🔄 Soekarno's concept of ‘gotong royong’ (mutual cooperation) is a key value, emphasizing solidarity in all aspects of Pancasila's principles.
• ✍️ The drafting process of Pancasila underwent several phases and revisions, with key debates involving the integration of nationalistic and Islamic elements.
• 🚩 Despite initial challenges and disagreements, Pancasila was finalized as the state ideology in 1945, and its principles have remained unchanged in the Indonesian constitution.
• 📊 The video highlights the declining public knowledge and support for Pancasila in recent years, particularly among younger generations.
• 🔍 The speaker emphasizes the importance of continuing to promote and implement Pancasila's values in daily life, citing surveys that reveal reduced public awareness of its principles.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video?

The video discusses Pancasila in the context of Indonesian history, particularly its role in the development of the Indonesian nation and its inclusion in educational materials.

What are the main sources used by the speaker for this presentation?

The speaker uses two main sources: the book 'Negara Paripurna' by Yudi Latif and the 'Pendidikan Pancasila' material from the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (Ristekdikti).

What historical phase marks the 'fertilization' of Pancasila according to the video?

The 'fertilization' phase of Pancasila began in 1924 when the Indonesian Association in the Netherlands introduced the idea of national unity, communism, and non-cooperation as core themes.

What were the two main ideologies mentioned by Tan Malaka in his writings?

Tan Malaka's writings emphasized two main ideologies: communism and pan-Islamism, which focused on the concept of people's sovereignty and democracy.

How did Soekarno contribute to the development of Pancasila?

In 1926, Soekarno contributed to the development of Pancasila by promoting the ideas of nationalism, Islamism, and Marxism. He later refined these ideas into a more systematic concept of Pancasila, emphasizing core values such as national unity, democracy, and social justice.

What was the role of BPUPKI in the formation of Pancasila?

BPUPKI (Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence) played a crucial role in formulating the foundational values of an independent Indonesia, including Pancasila, during its sessions from May 29 to June 1, 1945.

What was the significance of the Jakarta Charter in relation to Pancasila?

The Jakarta Charter, formulated by the Panitia Sembilan (Committee of Nine), was a crucial document that laid out the principles of Pancasila. It represented a compromise between nationalist and Islamic groups on the basic values of the Indonesian state.

How did Pancasila evolve during the post-independence period?

Post-independence, Pancasila faced numerous challenges, including military aggression by the Dutch, political debates in the 1950s, and ideological threats such as the rise of Nasakom under Soekarno. It was solidified as the national ideology after the events of 1966 when President Soekarno's power was reduced.

What were some of the criticisms against the way Pancasila was implemented during Soeharto's regime?

During Soeharto's regime, Pancasila was criticized for being used as a tool to legitimize his power, particularly through the P4 (Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila) program, which was seen as a means to extend his political control.

What are the current challenges facing Pancasila, according to the video?

The video highlights a decline in public understanding and support for Pancasila, particularly among younger generations. Surveys show that many Indonesians, especially those with lower incomes, struggle to accurately recall the principles of Pancasila, which raises concerns about its continued relevance.