Recreating the Iodine Clock Reaction at Home with Vitamin C
Summary
TLDREn este vídeo, el presentador explora una reacción de reloj de yodo que se puede realizar en casa con materiales caseros. Se explica cómo preparar dos soluciones incoloras, A y B, que al mezclarse producen un cambio de color súbito. La solución A contiene vitamina C y tintura de yodo, mientras que la solución B está compuesta por almidón, peróxido de hidrógeno y agua destilada. La reacción ocurre cuando la peróxido oxida los iones de yodo (I-) a yodo (I2), y la vitamina C reduce el yodo de vuelta a iones de yodo. Este proceso competitivo resulta en la formación de un complejo azul de yodo y almidón, cuya velocidad depende de la concentración y temperatura de las soluciones. El vídeo también incluye demostraciones de cómo se realiza la reacción y su efecto en diferentes condiciones.
Takeaways
- 🧪 El reloj de yodo es una reacción química que muestra un cambio de color súbito después de una cierta pausa, utilizando ingredientes caseros.
- 🍋 La variante de vitamina C utiliza dos tabletas de 1000 mg de vitamina C, tintura de yodo y agua destilada para preparar la Solución A.
- 💊 Si solo se encuentran tabletas de 500 mg de vitamina C, se pueden usar cuatro en lugar de dos.
- 🥄 Se debe usar agua destilada en lugar de agua del grifo para evitar interferencias en la reacción.
- 🌀 La Solución B se prepara con maíz de harina, peróxido de hidrógeno al 3% y agua destilada, y se calienta para disolver mejor la harina.
- 🔬 La reacción ocurre cuando se mezclan las Soluciones A y B, donde la vitamina C actúa como un reductor y el peróxido de hidrógeno como un oxidante.
- ⏱ La velocidad del cambio de color se puede controlar mediante la concentración de los reactivos y la temperatura de la mezcla.
- 🌡️ El calentamiento de las soluciones puede acelerar el cambio de color, reduciendo el tiempo de reacción.
- 🥤 Se puede simular la creación de una bebida como el coca-cola mediante la mezcla de las soluciones, mostrando un cambio de color similar.
- 🎥 El presentador demuestra varias formas de mezclar las soluciones y explica cómo la temperatura y la concentración afectan el tiempo de reacción.
Q & A
¿Qué es la reacción del reloj de yodo y cómo se realiza en casa?
-La reacción del reloj de yodo es un experimento químico que muestra un cambio de color súbito después de una mezcla de dos soluciones incoloras. Se puede realizar en casa usando materiales caseros como vitamina C, tintura de yodo, peróxido de hidrógeno y almíbar de maíz.
¿Cuáles son los ingredientes necesarios para preparar la Solución A en la reacción del reloj de yodo?
-Para la Solución A se necesitan dos tabletas de 1000 miligramos de vitamina C, tintura de yodo (en una proporción dependiendo del porcentaje de concentración) y agua destilada.
¿Cómo se debe preparar la Solución B para la reacción del reloj de yodo?
-La Solución B se prepara con 0.4 gramos de almíbar de maíz, 150 mililiteros de peróxido de hidrógeno al 3% y agua destilada.
¿Por qué se recomienda usar agua destilada en lugar de agua del grifo para las soluciones?
-Se recomienda usar agua destilada para evitar interferencias con otros minerales o sustancias presentes en el agua del grifo que podrían afectar la reacción química.
¿Cómo se debe triturar la vitamina C para la Solución A?
-Se debe triturar las tabletas de vitamina C con la parte trasera de una cuchara hasta obtener un polvo lo suficientemente fino, sin dejar trocitos grandes.
¿Qué sucede si no se logra disolver completamente la vitamina C en la Solución A?
-Si no se logra disolver completamente la vitamina C, se puede filtrar la solución para eliminar los restos de las tabletas que no son solubles en agua.
¿Cómo se calienta la Solución B para disolver el almíbar de maíz?
-Se calienta la solución con el almíbar de maíz en el microondas hasta que hierva para disolverlo lo mejor posible.
¿Cuál es la función del peróxido de hidrógeno en la Solución B?
-El peróxido de hidrógeno en la Solución B actúa como un oxidante que ayuda a revertir la yoduro (I-) a yodo (I2), lo cual es parte del mecanismo de la reacción del reloj de yodo.
¿Qué ocurre cuando se mezclan las Soluciones A y B en la reacción del reloj de yodo?
-Cuando se mezclan, ocurren dos reacciones competitivas que involucran la oxidación y reducción de yoduro a yodo, y eventualmente se forma un complejo azul de yodo y almíbar de maíz.
¿Cómo se puede acelerar el cambio de color en la reacción del reloj de yodo?
-El cambio de color se puede acelerar aumentando la concentración de yoduro o peróxido de hidrógeno, o elevando la temperatura de las soluciones.
¿Por qué la reacción del reloj de yodo se usa para enseñar conceptos de química?
-La reacción del reloj de yodo es útil para enseñar conceptos de química porque muestra de manera visual la interacción de reactivos, la velocidad de reacciones y cómo factores como la concentración y la temperatura afectan a la reacción.
Outlines
🧪 Preparación de la reacción del reloj de yodo con vitamina C
El video comienza explicando la realización de una reacción del reloj de yodo utilizando materiales caseros. Se detalla la preparación de dos soluciones incoloras, A y B, que al mezclarse producen un cambio de color repentino. Se utiliza vitamina C para la solución A, junto con tintura de yodo y agua destilada. Se aconseja usar tabletas de 1000 mg de vitamina C y ajustar la cantidad de tintura de yodo según su concentración. Para la solución B, se usa maíz de harina, peróxido de hidrógeno y agua destilada. Se enfatiza la importancia del uso de agua destilada para evitar interferencias. La preparación de ambas soluciones se describe paso a paso, incluyendo la trituración de las tabletas de vitamina C, la filtración de la solución A y la cocción y filtración de la solución B para obtener una mezcla clara.
🔬 Proceso químico y demostraciones de la reacción del reloj de yodo
Se explica que al mezclar soluciones A y B, ocurren dos reacciones competitivas: la oxidación del yodo iónico (I-) a yodo (I2) por el peróxido de hidrógeno y la reducción de I2 a I- por la ascorbato. La reacción es rápida y transiente, y la acumulación de I2 se convierte en complejo triioduro que se combina con la almíbar para formar un complejo azul. La concentración de reactivos y la temperatura afectan el tiempo de cambio de color. Se muestran varias demostraciones, incluyendo la variación de tiempos de reacción al calentar las soluciones y la realización de una demostración visual similar a la preparación de una bebida, donde el cambio de color ocurre rápidamente. Finalmente, se menciona que el video es parte de una serie y agradece a los patrocinadores y donantes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Reacción del reloj de yodo
💡Vitamina C
💡Tinctura de yodo
💡Peróxido de hidrógeno
💡Almidón
💡Agua destilada
💡Filtración
💡Microondas
💡Concentración
💡Temperatura
Highlights
Exploring the iodine clock reaction using household materials.
The iodine clock reaction involves mixing two colorless solutions that lead to a sudden color change after a period.
Using vitamin C variant for the iodine clock reaction.
Solution A requires two 1000 milligram tablets of Vitamin C, iodine tincture, and distilled water.
Adjusting iodine tincture volume based on its concentration.
Using non-chewable Vitamin C tablets to avoid extra substances.
Solution B includes cornstarch, hydrogen peroxide, and distilled water.
Importance of using distilled water to avoid interference with the reaction.
Crush Vitamin C tablets and dissolve them in distilled water for Solution A.
Filtering Solution A to remove insoluble substances.
Heating Solution B to dissolve cornstarch and then filtering it for clarity.
Adding iodine tincture to the vitamin C solution to create a colorless mixture for Solution A.
Completing Solution B with the addition of hydrogen peroxide.
Mixing Solutions A and B to initiate the iodine clock reaction.
The color change is due to the competition between oxidation and reduction reactions.
Increasing concentration or temperature speeds up the color change.
Demonstration of the iodine clock reaction with a 'instant coke' effect.
The video includes a timer to ensure the authenticity of the reaction's timing.
Acknowledgment of Patreon supporters and donors for their contributions.
Transcripts
Today I've decided to explore an iodine clock reaction that can be done at home with household materials
The general gist of this reaction is that two colorless
solutions are mixed and then after a certain period of time a sudden color change occurs
There's a lot of different variations and recipes for the iodine clock reactions,
but pretty much all of them use some form of iodine and starch
so today, we're going to be doing the vitamin C variant and everything that you need is shown here as
I said before the reaction is a mixture of two colorless solutions
And this means we're going to have to be making a Solution A and a Solution B
Solution A requires two 1000 milligram tablets of Vitamin C,
iodine tincture (tincture of iodine) , and distilled water
My Iodine solution was 5% so I use 25 milliliters, but if your solution is let's say 2%
you'll have to use 60 milliliters. If you can only find 500 milligram tablets of Vitamin C,
you can just use four of those instead of two, and
also try not to get the chewable tablets because that has a bunch of extra stuff in it.
For Solution B, I used 0.4 grams of cornstarch
150 milliliters of 3% hydrogen peroxide and distilled water
It's important to note that in both of these solutions
I use distilled water, and we shouldn't use tap water because this can interfere with some things
We start off by making Solution A and for this we need two 1000 milligram tablets of vitamin C
Using the back of a spoon I try to crush the tablets
You don't have to completely powderize the tablets, but you don't really want to have any chunks left over either
The crushed pills are transferred to a suitable container and here I used the beaker, but in theory you could use anything really.
On top of the powderized pills, I then poured in about 60 milliliters of distilled water
This mixture is then stirred for something like 30 seconds
What we're doing here is we're trying to dissolve the vitamin C from the tablets into the water
Most of the pill though is just filler and stuff that's not soluble in water,
so don't try to dissolve everything because it's not going to happen
After about 30 seconds of stirring, we're left with a solution that kind of looks like this
Like I said there's a lot of insoluble stuff in the pills
So to get rid of this we're going to have to filter it off
The filter system is very simple, and it's just a couple coffee filters in a dollar store funnel.
I dumped the mixture into the coffee filters and very quickly a relatively clear solution starts to come through
This is going to take a little bit of time so while it's filtering I'm going to move on to making Solution B
To make Solution B, we first have to measure out a little bit of cornstarch.
In the beginning of the video I said to use 0.4 grams,
but it really doesn't have to be accurate and you can just estimate based on how much you see here in the video.
On top of the cornstarch I poured in about three hundred and fifty milliliters of distilled water
Once the water is added, I try to mix up the cornstarch, but the solution remains pretty cloudy
To try to dissolve as much cornstarch as possible the solution is placed in a microwave and heat up until boiling
Although it's clearer than before, it's still a little too cloudy for my liking so I filter it through something like four coffee filters
The solution that makes it through is a lot clearer, and it has a lot less free-floating undissolved cornstarch in it
Once it's all filtered through I remove the funnel and I turn the flask so I can see the volume markings
What we do now is we add about 150 milliliters of 3% hydrogen peroxide
After the peroxide is added and the solution is mixed a little bit
We're done making Solution B and we can move back to making Solution A
For Solution A, the next thing that we need to do is add our iodine tincture to our vitamin C solution
The iodine tincture is very dark and strongly colored but when it's added to the vitamin C
you can see that the color starts to disappear
After everything's added and the mixture is swirled,
it should go back to being colorless. If this doesn't happen it means you didn't have enough vitamin C
The color of the tincture is due to the presence of iodine or I2
but when it reacts with vitamin C, it's converted to iodide or I- which is colorless
To finish Solution A, we just top things off to about 500 milliliters
Solutions A and B are now complete, so we're done with our preparation and we can move on to the fun part
To test things out, we add roughly an equal amount of Solutions A and B to a beaker and then mix it up.
A sudden color change should occur, but this might actually take a little bit of time, so while we're waiting for things to change
I'm going to quickly talk about what's happening here in
Solution A we effectively have a mixture of vitamin C and colorless I- ions and
in Solution B we have hydrogen peroxide and starch
When Solutions A and B are mixed they actually start reacting together
but it's not just one reaction that's occurring it's two reactions
These two reactions are competing and they kind of push each other back and forth
The hydrogen peroxide wants to oxidize the I- back to colored I2
but the ascorbic acid
wants to reduce it from I2 back to I-
This reaction occurs really quickly and the I2 doesn't exist for very long and it's extremely transient
Eventually though the vitamin C is consumed because we've included an excess of hydrogen peroxide,
so I2 starts to accumulate
The I2 then very quickly
complexes with I- to form triiodide complex and this quickly complexes with starch
This all happens extremely quickly, and we're left with a nice blue complex of triiodide and starch
The concentration of each of the reactants and the temperature of the reaction mixture
will determine how long it takes for the color change to occur
The color change will occur quicker if we increase the concentration
of either the I- or the hydrogen peroxide and the color change will take longer if we increase the concentration of Vitamin C.
On top of concentrations,
we can alter temperature, so if we increase the temperature the color change will occur much quicker,
and if we decrease the temperature it will take longer
At the concentration and temperature that I did for this previous
demonstration it took about a minute to change but for me this was a bit too long,
so to speed things up I heated up my Solutions A and B in the microwave
After I heated them up they were around 50 °C and instead of taking something like a minute it took something around 10 to 20 seconds
Here we just have an example where Solution A is already in a beaker and I add Solution B
but we mix it the whole time
When the solution is being constantly stirred the color change occurs much more uniformly throughout the whole thing
We can also do the classic
demonstration where the solutions are mixed back and forth and then we slowly pour the solution from one into the other
When we do this the color should in theory change at the exact same time throughout all of the liquid.
Here it kind of looks like it wasn't all at the same time, but it still is pretty close
So here's a demonstration that I kind of thought might be cool where it looks like we make some instant coke
So just like all of the other demonstrations. We pour Solution A or B in and then we follow it with the other Solution
Pouring one solution into the other actually mixes things pretty well, but just to make sure that everything was thoroughly mixed
I shook it around a little
The color change occurs pretty quickly after I place the coke bottle back down
Some of you might be wondering why I have my phone with the timer running in the background
nd this is actually because I don't want people to claim that this is fake or something
I wait a few minutes, and then I place a glass on the side, and I pour out our freshly synthesized coke
The color is actually surprisingly
close to that of actual coke you know except for the purple cloud that comes off when I pour it into the glass
What's interesting is this is from another run, and I didn't wait long enough before pouring the solution, and you can actually see it's green
you have to actually wait a little bit for the peroxide to convert more I- to I2
which has a slight brown color in water
So for now, that's all I really have to say about this method for the iodine clock reaction.
I really want to do this method because it's very easily done at home
But I don't think the color change is as fast and instantaneous as some of the other methods
I've also decided to revisit and redo my previous iodine clock reaction video, and I've already filmed that and that should be up eventually
I haven't posted a video in a while, and it's not because I'm slacking,
it's because I've kind of gone on a rampage and filmed a bunch
So as usual a big, thanks goes out to all of my supporters on Patreon,
but I have to give a very special thanks to everyone who donated five dollars or more
Like I said in a previous video I kind of have too many $5 supporters to realistically read out each of your names
But just know that I still love you all
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