APEMAN chemistry

Summary

The video script introduces the 'APEman' strategy for calculating subatomic particles in an atom, focusing on lithium as an example. APEman stands for Atomic Number, Protons, Electrons, Mass Number, Atomic Number, and Neutrons. It explains that for a neutral atom like lithium, the atomic number equals the number of protons and electrons. The mass number is the rounded atomic mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. The script demonstrates how to find the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number, completing the APEman calculation.

Takeaways

• 🔬 The '8-man' strategy helps determine the number of subatomic particles in an atom.
• 🧪 Subatomic particles include protons, neutrons, and electrons, which are smaller than atoms.
• ⚛️ APE in '8-man' stands for Atomic number, Protons, and Electrons, and they all have the same number.
• 📊 The mass number is the atomic mass rounded to a whole number.
• 📉 The mass number is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons together.
• 🔢 To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
• 🔋 In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
• 🧩 Protons define the element itself; for example, only lithium has 3 protons.
• 📏 The mass number is found at the bottom of the element's box on the periodic table and is often displayed as a decimal.
• 💡 Using the example of lithium: it has 3 protons, 3 electrons, a mass number of 7, and 4 neutrons.

Q & A

What is the APEMEN strategy used for?

APEMEN is a strategy used to determine the number of subatomic particles in an atom.

What are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom?

The three main subatomic particles found in an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What does APEMEN stand for in the context of atomic structure?

APEMEN stands for Atomic Number, Protons, Electrons, Mass Number, Atomic Number, and Neutrons.

Why are the atomic number (A), protons (P), and electrons (E) all the same number in a neutral atom?

In a neutral atom, the atomic number (A), protons (P), and electrons (E) are the same number because the positive charge of protons is balanced by the negative charge of electrons, resulting in no net charge.

How is the mass number (M) of an atom determined?

The mass number (M) of an atom is determined by rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number.

What is the significance of the atomic number in defining an element?

The atomic number is significant in defining an element because it represents the number of protons in the nucleus, which is unique to each element.

How do you find the number of neutrons (N) using the APEMEN strategy?

You find the number of neutrons (N) by subtracting the atomic number (A) from the mass number (M), since the mass number represents the sum of protons and neutrons.

Why is the atomic mass rounded to a whole number in the APEMEN strategy?

The atomic mass is rounded to a whole number in the APEMEN strategy to simplify calculations and because the mass number represents the sum of protons and neutrons, which are whole numbers.

Can you provide an example of how to use the APEMEN strategy with an element from the periodic table?

Yes, for lithium, the atomic number (A) is 3, which is also the number of protons (P) and electrons (E). The atomic mass is approximately 6.94, which rounds up to a mass number (M) of 7. Subtracting the atomic number from the mass number gives us 4 neutrons (N).

What is the role of the mass number in the APEMEN strategy?

In the APEMEN strategy, the mass number represents the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom and is used to calculate the number of neutrons.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Understanding Subatomic Particles with the APEMAN Strategy

This paragraph introduces the APEMAN strategy, a method used to determine the number of subatomic particles within an atom. The strategy involves understanding the atomic number, protons, electrons, mass number, and neutrons. The atomic number (A), protons (P), and electrons (E) are all the same for a neutral atom, while the mass number (M) is the rounded atomic mass. The atomic number is reiterated (A), and neutrons (N) are calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. The example of lithium is used to illustrate the process, showing that lithium has three protons, three electrons, and a mass number of 7 after rounding. The number of neutrons is calculated as 4 by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

Keywords

💡Subatomic Particles

Subatomic particles are the fundamental constituents that make up atoms. They are smaller than atoms and include protons, neutrons, and electrons. In the video, the focus is on understanding how many of these particles are present in an atom, which is central to the theme of atomic structure and composition.

💡Protons

Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom and carry a positive electric charge. They are crucial in determining the atomic number of an element, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. The video uses lithium as an example, where it has three protons, which is what defines it as lithium.

💡Neutrons

Neutrons are subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom that carry no electric charge. They contribute to the mass of the atom but not to its chemical properties. The video explains how to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

💡Electrons

Electrons are subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom and carry a negative electric charge. They are essential in chemical reactions and determine the chemical properties of an element. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, as illustrated with lithium having three electrons.

💡Atomic Number

The atomic number is a fundamental property of an element that represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is used to identify elements and is the key to understanding the periodic table. The video emphasizes that for lithium, the atomic number is three, which is also the number of protons and electrons.

💡Mass Number

The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. It is typically rounded to the nearest whole number and is used to calculate the number of neutrons. In the video, lithium's mass number is rounded up from 6.94 to 7.

💡APEMAN

APEMAN is a mnemonic used in the video to remember the process of calculating subatomic particles in an atom. It stands for Atomic Number, Protons, Electrons, Mass Number, and Neutrons. The video uses APEMEN to guide viewers through the calculation process for lithium, making it easier to understand and remember.

💡Rounded Atomic Mass

Rounded atomic mass refers to the practice of approximating the mass number of an atom to the nearest whole number. This is done to simplify calculations and because atomic masses are often given as decimals. The video demonstrates rounding the mass number of lithium from 6.94 to 7.

💡Neutral Atom

A neutral atom is an atom that has an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in no net electric charge. The video explains that in a neutral atom of lithium, there are three protons and three electrons, making it electrically neutral.

💡Periodic Table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It is a crucial tool in chemistry and physics. The video uses the periodic table to identify the atomic number and mass number of lithium.

💡Charge

Charge refers to the property of an object or particle to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. The video discusses how the charge of protons and electrons balances in a neutral atom.

Highlights

Introduction to the APEMANT strategy for determining subatomic particles in an atom.

Explanation of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

APEMANT stands for Atomic Number, Protons, Electrons, Mass Number, Atomic Number, and Neutrons.

Atomic Number (A), Protons (P), and Electrons (E) are all the same number in a neutral atom.

Mass Number (M) is the rounded atomic mass, typically to the nearest whole number.

Atomic Number is repeated in the strategy to emphasize its importance.

Neutrons (N) are calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

Example using Lithium from the periodic table to demonstrate the APEMANT strategy.

Lithium has an atomic number of 3, which is also the number of protons and electrons.

The mass number of Lithium is approximately 6.94, rounded to 7 for the APEMANT calculation.

The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

The number of neutrons in Lithium is calculated to be 4 using the APEMANT strategy.

APEMANT strategy can be applied to any element on the periodic table to find subatomic particles.

Emphasis on the atomic number as the defining characteristic of an element.

The importance of a neutral atom having an equal number of protons and electrons.

The rounding of the atomic mass to a whole number for the APEMANT calculation.

The relationship between the mass number and the number of protons and neutrons.

The practical application of the APEMANT strategy for educational purposes.

Transcripts

all right hey guys we're going to go

over

a strategy called apeman which is how we

can determine how many subatomic

particles are in an atom

remember your subatomic particles are

the ones smaller than an atom so your

protons neutrons and electrons

so eight man

again is how we're going to calculate

our subatomic particles

eight man stands for atomic number

protons electrons mass number

atomic number and neutrons again

so a p and e atomic number protons and

electrons will all be the same number

i'll show that to you in a second

mass number is going to be the rounded

atomic mass

a is the atomic number again and n is

the number of neutrons

when i say rounded atomic mass

it is the mass number just rounded to a

whole number instead of a decimal

so again if you want to write those down

a is atomic number p is number of

protons e is number of electrons

m is mass number rounded to a whole

number

a is the atomic number again and n is

the number of neutrons

so we're going to look at lithium

specifically this is its

block on the periodic table

so a p and e again are all the same

number it is going to be the smaller

whole number in the box so for lithium

it is three

three is the atomic number

it is how many protons lithium has

and in a neutral atom meaning it has no

charge it's the number of electrons

think about the charge of protons it's

positive and electrons is negative if we

have a neutral atom

there is the same number of positive and

negative charges

so a p and e are all the same number

also keep in mind the number of protons

is what makes an element an element

only lithium will have three protons

if an atom does not have three protons

it's not lithium

moving on to the mass number

um the mass is shown

at the bottom

of

an element's block on the periodic table

in most cases you're going to see it as

a decimal for the mass number we're

going to round it to a whole number

so in this case

6.94

if we're rounding we're going to round

up because of that 0.94 so our mass

number here

is going to be 7.

and just so that you know our mass

number is made

or determined by the number of protons

plus the number of neutrons

and we knew already that those number of

protons in lithium is

and our mass number rounded is going to

be seven

now we've gone through eighth and the

next m

a in man is just the atomic number once

again

so we'll put three there again for ape

man

moving on to the last

part of our eight man calculation we're

going to neutrons

we can find the number of neutrons by

subtracting the atomic mass

and the atomic number

remember the mass number

is the number of protons and neutrons

together

the atomic number

is the number of protons so if we

subtract

our protons away from the atomic mass we

get our neutrons so in this case

we have our atomic mass was seven

minus our number of protons was three

so we should get our number of neutrons

being 4.

so you have now walked through an entire

8-man calculation

we can use an elements box on the

periodic table again we looked at

lithium right now

three protons

three electrons its mass number

is going to be seven because we rounded

six point nine up to seven

and you can use eight man again to

calculate

the number of subatomic particles in any

atom