SEJARAH PENULISAN AL-QUR'AN (PART 1)

Summary

This video delves into the history of the Quran's transcription over time, starting from when it was primarily memorized during the Prophet Muhammad's era. Early written verses were recorded on materials like palm leaves and animal bones. The first full Quran compilation occurred under Caliph Abu Bakr in 634 AD, followed by a more organized effort led by Caliph Uthman. The video also explains how Quranic text was later enhanced with diacritical marks by scholars like Abu Aswad ad-Duali to aid proper pronunciation. The presenter encourages viewers to engage with more content for further insights.

Takeaways

• 📖 The Quran was not compiled into a single Mushaf during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH); it was mainly memorized by the companions.
• ✍️ Some companions wrote Quranic verses on different materials like palm fronds, tree bark, and camel bones, but it was not yet in a unified form.
• 🕌 The first complete compilation of the Quran into a single Mushaf occurred during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr in 13 Hijri (634 CE), known as the first 'At-Taqwim' or collection.
• 📜 During Caliph Uthman’s reign, a more organized effort took place to collect and rewrite the Quran, led by Zaid bin Thabit, a trusted companion with excellent Quranic memory.
• 📚 Uthman’s team produced the full Quran in 30 Juz (parts) along with five copies, which became known as the Mushaf Uthmani, or 'Mother Mushaf'.
• 🖋️ The script of the Quran during this time did not have diacritical marks (harakat) or dots to differentiate between letters; it was just the basic letter shapes.
• 🕵️‍♂️ Around 50 Hijri, under the Umayyad Dynasty and at the request of Governor Ziyad, efforts were made to improve the readability of the Quran by adding diacritical marks.
• 🔤 Abu Aswad ad-Duali, a prominent scholar, was assigned to introduce a system of marks to distinguish letter sounds, such as dots above and below letters for pronunciation.
• ⚪ The initial diacritical marks were round dots, used to differentiate the pronunciation of letters and clarify the meaning, making it easier for non-Arab readers.
• 👍 The script encourages viewers to follow the channel, like, comment, subscribe, and share the content for better Quranic understanding.

Q & A

What was the primary method of preserving the Quran during the time of Prophet Muhammad?

During the time of Prophet Muhammad, the Quran was primarily memorized, and although some companions wrote parts of it, the writings were scattered and not compiled into one mushaf.

On what materials did the companions write down parts of the Quran during Prophet Muhammad's time?

The companions wrote parts of the Quran on materials like palm branches, pieces of wood, and camel bones.

When was the Quran first compiled into a complete mushaf?

The Quran was first compiled into a complete mushaf during the time of Caliph Abu Bakr in 13 Hijri (634 CE).

What was the process of collecting and compiling the Quran during the leadership of Caliph Uthman?

During Caliph Uthman's time, a structured committee led by the companion Zayd bin Thabit was formed to compile and rewrite the Quran. They produced the mushaf with 30 parts (juz) and made five additional copies.

What is the significance of the 'Uthmani script' in the writing of the Quran?

The 'Uthmani script' (Rosm Utsmani) refers to the standardized method of writing the Quran during Caliph Uthman's time, which served as the foundation for future Quranic manuscripts.

What were some of the challenges in reading the early versions of the Quran written in the Uthmani script?

The early versions of the Quran in the Uthmani script lacked diacritical marks and dots, making it difficult to distinguish between similar-looking letters.

Who was tasked with adding diacritical marks to the Quran to aid in reading, and what system did they introduce?

Abu Aswad ad-Du'ali was tasked with adding diacritical marks to the Quran. He introduced a system using round dots to differentiate between sounds: dots above letters for 'fathah,' below for 'kasrah,' and beside the letters for 'dhammah.'

Why was the addition of diacritical marks necessary in the Quran during the Umayyad period?

The addition of diacritical marks was necessary because many Muslims, especially new converts, found it difficult to read the Quran correctly without them.

What are the diacritical marks called that were added to the Quran to help with pronunciation?

The diacritical marks added to the Quran to help with pronunciation are called 'naqtul i'rob' or 'vowel marks.'

What is the main goal of the video script?

The main goal of the video script is to educate viewers on the history of Quranic compilation, from the time of Prophet Muhammad to the introduction of diacritical marks during the Umayyad period.