Quarter I Grade 10 Science Review

Summary

This first quarter review in Science 10 covers key learnings on the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain belts. It connects these to plate tectonic theory, explaining different types of plate boundaries and processes. The review also delves into the Earth's internal structure, causes of plate movement, and evidence supporting plate tectonics. It discusses the significance of magnitude in earthquakes and tsunamis, and the formation of geological features at convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries. The session concludes with an encouragement to review these topics for the upcoming examination.

Takeaways

• 🌋 Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts.
• 🌏 Relate these distributions to plate tectonic theory.
• 🔍 Identify different types of plate boundaries and explain the processes that occur along them.
• 📍 Use at least three seismic stations to locate an earthquake epicenter.
• 💥 Earthquake magnitude indicates the energy released and its potential to cause tsunamis.
• 🌌 Understand the geologic processes at convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries.
• 🏔️ Continental to continental convergent boundaries can lead to mountain formation.
• 🌊 Continental to oceanic convergent boundaries can result in trenches and subduction zones.
• 🌐 Oceanic to oceanic convergent boundaries can form deep ocean trenches.
• 🌀 Divergent boundaries can lead to the formation of rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges.
• 🔥 Hotspots, like those responsible for volcanic island arcs, can be the source of a series of volcanoes.
• 🌎 Discussed the internal structure of the Earth, including crust, mantle, and core.
• 🔍 Evidence supporting plate movement includes continental fits, fossils, rock formations, and coal deposits.

Q & A

What are the three essential learning competencies covered in the first quarter of Science 10?

The three essential learning competencies covered are: 1) Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts. 2) Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonic theory. 3) Describe the different types of plate boundaries, explain the different processes that occur along the plate tectonic boundaries, and enumerate all the lines of evidence that support plate movement.

How are the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges typically related?

Volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges are commonly located in the same areas, often where tectonic plate movements are significant.

What is the minimum number of seismic stations required to locate an earthquake epicenter?

At least three seismic stations are required to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter.

What is the significance of earthquake magnitude in relation to tsunamis?

The magnitude of an earthquake is a numerical value representing the energy released. Higher magnitudes typically result in greater impacts, including higher tsunamis, which can be very disastrous.

What are the three types of plate boundaries and their corresponding geologic processes?

The three types of plate boundaries are convergent, where forces move towards each other; divergent, where forces move away from each other; and transform fault, where forces slide past each other.

What are some possible geologic formations that can occur at convergent plate boundaries?

At convergent plate boundaries, possible formations include mountains or hills (continental to continental), trenches or subduction zones (continental to oceanic), and deep ocean trenches (oceanic to oceanic).

How does the process of seafloor spreading contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust?

Seafloor spreading occurs at mid-oceanic ridges where new oceanic crust is formed by the rise of magma, which hardens to become new sea floor. This process is driven by convection currents in the mantle.

What is the role of the Earth's core in relation to its magnetic field?

The Earth's core, particularly the outer core, is responsible for generating the magnetic field due to the movement of molten iron and other metals under extreme temperatures and pressures.

What is the significance of hotspots in the context of plate tectonics?

Hotspots are areas of intense heat within the mantle that can create a series of volcanoes or volcanic island arcs. The oldest volcano in a chain is usually closest to the hotspot, while the youngest is the closest to the current volcanic activity.

What evidence supports the continental drift theory?

Evidence supporting continental drift includes the continental jigsaw puzzle (where the edges of continents fit together), matching fossils, rock formations, and coal deposits across continents, indicating they were once connected.