Cranium - Part 2
Summary
TLDRThis educational video explores the intricacies of the human skull, focusing on the neurocranium, sphenoid bone, and their topography. It delves into the sphenoid bone's components, including the lesser and greater wings and the pterygoid process, highlighting the sinuses and foramina. The video also covers the ethmoid bone's structure, featuring the cribriform plate, perpendicular plate, and ethmoidal cells. It touches on the maxilla, nasal bones, and mandible, providing a comprehensive overview of the skull's key features.
Takeaways
- 💡 The video discusses the anatomy of the skull, focusing on four main topics: neurocranium, viscerocranium, topography, and important structures.
- 🔍 The sphenoid bone is located in the posterior part of the skull and consists of several parts including the body, lesser wing, greater wing, and the pterigoideus process.
- 🧠 The sphenoid sinus is observed within the body of the sphenoid, with the right and left sphenoid sinuses separated by the septum sphenoidalis.
- 👁️🗨️ On the superior surface of the sphenoid body, the sella turcica is found, which will be occupied by the pituitary gland, and laterally, there are the carotid sulci.
- 🕳️ The superior orbital fissure is a narrow gap between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.
- 🦴 The greater wing of the sphenoid has five foramina: the cerebral, temporal, infratemporal, maxillary, and orbital.
- 🗝️ The pterygoid process has two laminae: the lateral and medial, with the medial lamina housing the fossa scaphoidea and the canalis pterygoideus.
- 🦴 The ethmoid bone is composed of the cribriform plate, perpendicular plate, and the ethmoidal labyrinth.
- 👃 The nasal bone articulates with the frontal bone to form the frontonasal structure, and with the maxilla to form the nasomaxillary structure.
- 🦷 The maxilla is the bone that forms the upper jaw and a large part of the human face, articulating with the frontal bone, sphenoid, ethmoid, and palatine bones.
Q & A
What are the four main topics discussed in the video about the cranial bones?
-The four main topics discussed in the video are neurocranium, viscerocranium, topography, and important structures.
Where is the sphenoid bone located?
-The sphenoid bone is located in the skull, specifically in the splanchnocranium.
What are the parts of the sphenoid bone?
-The sphenoid bone consists of several parts including the body (corpus), lesser wing (ala minor), greater wing (ala major), and the pterygoid process (processus pterygoideus).
What are the sinuses found within the sphenoid bone?
-Within the body of the sphenoid bone, there are sinuses such as the sphenoid sinus (sinus sphenoidalis), the right (dexter) and left (sinister) sphenoid sinuses, which are separated by a septum called the septum sphenoidalis.
What is the function of the sella turcica on the sphenoid bone?
-The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression on the body of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland (glandula pituitaria).
What are the five fossae found in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?
-The five fossae in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone are the cerebral fossa (facies cerebralis), temporal fossa (facies temporalis), infratemporal fossa, maxillary fossa (facies maxillaris), and orbital fossa (facies orbitalis).
What are the four margins of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?
-The four margins of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone are the zygomatic margin (margo zygomaticus), frontal margin (margo frontalis), parietal margin (margo parietalis), and the squamous margin (margo squamous).
What is the function of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone?
-The pterygoid process (processus pterygoideus) of the sphenoid bone has two laminae, the lateral lamina and the medial lamina. It is involved in the formation of the pterygopalatine fossa and provides attachment for various muscles and ligaments.
What are the components of the ethmoid bone as mentioned in the video?
-The ethmoid bone consists of the cribriform plate (lamina cribrosa), the perpendicular plate (lamina perpendicularis), and the ethmoidal labyrinth (labyrinthus ethmoidalis).
What are the three parts of the palatine bone?
-The palatine bone consists of two horizontal plates (lamina horizontalis) and a perpendicular plate (lamina perpendicularis), as well as three processes: the palatine process (processus palatinus), the orbital process (processus orbitalis), and the pyramidal process (processus pyramidalis).
What is the maxilla's role in the facial structure?
-The maxilla is a bone that forms the upper jaw and a major part of the facial skeleton. It articulates with the opposite maxilla, the frontal bone, the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the zygomatic, the palatine, and the nasal bones.
Outlines
🧠 Anatomy of the Cranium
This paragraph delves into the anatomy of the human skull, specifically focusing on the neurocranium and sphenoid bone. It describes the sphenoid bone's location in the anterior cranial fossa and its composition, which includes the ala minor, ala major, and the pterygoid process. The paragraph mentions the sinuses within the sphenoid bone, such as the sphenoid sinuses, and the structures like the sella turcica which houses the pituitary gland. It also covers the foramina in the skull, including the foramen rotundum, ovale, and spinosum, and the relationship between the sphenoid bone and other bones like the ethmoid and vomer. The paragraph concludes with a discussion of the ethmoid bone's structure, including the crista galli and the cribriform plate.
🦴 Detailed Examination of Cranial Bones
The second paragraph provides a detailed examination of various bones in the skull, including the ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla. It discusses the ethmoid bone's cells such as the anterior, middle, and posterior ethmoidal cells, and the structures like the superior concha, sphenoidal sinus, and the ethmoidal infundibulum. The paragraph also describes the inferior structures like the uncinate process and the relationship between the ethmoid and maxillary bones. It further explores the nasal bones, the lacrimal bones, and their respective canals and foramina. The maxilla is highlighted for its role in forming the hard palate and its articulation with other bones. The paragraph concludes with a brief mention of the mandible, its composition, and its significance in the human skull.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Neurokranium
💡Fiserokranium
💡Ospenoidal
💡Septum
💡Glandula hypofisialis
💡Foramen
💡Osetmoidal
💡Osnasal
💡Osfrontal
💡Mandibula
Highlights
Introduction to the video on the anatomy of the skull, focusing on four main topics: neurocranium, viscerocranium, topography, and important structures.
Explanation of the location of the sphenoid bone within the skull, specifically in the anterior fossa.
Description of the sphenoid bone's components, including the body, wings, and processes.
Identification of the sinuses within the sphenoid bone, such as the sphenoid sinus and its right and left sides.
Discussion of the superior view of the sphenoid bone and the presence of the sphenoid sinus.
Mention of the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression on the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.
Description of the carotid sulcus on the lateral side of the sphenoid bone.
Explanation of the superior orbital fissure, a narrow gap between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.
Identification of the five fossae on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, including the cerebral, temporal, infratemporal, maxillary, and orbital fossae.
Description of the margins of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and their articulations with other bones.
Discussion of the foramina found in the cerebral fossa, such as the foramen rotundum, oval, and spinosum.
Mention of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, its lamina, and the pterygoid canal.
Introduction to the ethmoid bone, its structure, and its location at the top of the nasal cavity.
Description of the crista galli, a projection of the ethmoid bone that connects to the frontal bone.
Explanation of the ethmoid air cells, their location, and their function within the ethmoid bone.
Identification of the nasal bones, their connection with the frontal bone, and their role in forming the nasal aperture.
Discussion of the vomer bone, its location, and its role in the nasal septum.
Mention of the maxilla, its articulation with the zygomatic bone, and its role in the upper jaw and facial structure.
Overview of the mandible, its structure, and its function in forming the lower jaw.
Conclusion of the video with a summary of the key points covered and a thank you to the viewers.
Transcripts
[Musik]
Halo semuanya Selamat datang di video
kranium Pada kesempatan kali ini kita
bakal belajar bareng bareng nih terkait
video kranium yang dibagi menjadi empat
topik bahasan di antaranya ada
neurokranium fiserokranium topografi
serta bangunan pentingnya Selamat
menonton
S selanjutnya kita beralih ke ospenoidal
ospenoidal terletak di fosakranii
anterior @media
ospenoidal ini terdiri dari beberapa
bagian yaitu
kpus alam minor
ala
mayor dan juga prosesus
peterigoideus dari arah Superior kita
dapat mengamati korpus OSIS
penoidalis di dalam korpus terdapat
sinus OSIS penoide Dexter at sinister
yang dipisahkan oleh suatu sekat bernama
septum sinuum spenoid helium dengan
pintu masuk berupa apertura sinus OSIS
spenoidei pada permukaan Superior korpus
terdapat
selursika yang akan ditempati oleh
glandula
hipofisialis dan di bagian lateralnya
terdapat sulkus
karotikus selanjutnya di antara ala
mayor dan alaminor OSIS spenoidalis
terdapat suatu celah sempit bernama
visura orbitalis Superior
Kemudian pada alam Mayor OSIS
spenoidalis Terdapat lima fasies yaitu
fasies
cerebralis Kemudian fasies
temporalis Kemudian fasies
infratemporalis Kemudian fasas maxilaris
Den fasies
orbitalis kemudian Alam mayorosis
fenoidalis juga memiliki empat Margo di
anaranya Margo
zigomaticus yang berbatasan dengan
osigomatikum kemudian Margo frontalis
yang berbatasan dengan OS frontal
kemudian Margo parietalis yang
berbatasan dengan ospietal dan yang
terakhir adalah margusquamous yang
berbatasan dengan
ostemporal Kemudian pada Fasia
cerebralis kita dapat menemukan beberapa
foramen yang pertama foramen
rotundum kemudian foramen
oval dan juga foramen
spinosum selanjutnya pada fasiies
temporalis terdapat spinosis venoidalis
kemudian kita masuk ke prosesus
peterigideus prosesus peterigideus
memiliki dua lamina yaitu lamina
lateralis dan lamina
medialis pada pangkal lamina medialis
terdapat fosa
scavoidea Selain itu terdapat juga
kanalis petterigoideus
yang memanjang ke anterior dan akan
dilewati oleh nervus petrosus Mayor
profundus selanjutnya kita masuk ke
osetmoidal osetmoidal tersusun atas
lamina kribosa lamina
perpendicularis serta labirintus
etmoideus pada preparat terlihat lamina
kribosa yang menempati insisura
etmoidalis terdapat juga kristag
yang mengarah ke
Superior dan berlanjut ke anterior
lateral menjadi ala Krist
[Musik]
gali terdapat juga lamina
perpendikularis OSIS etmoidei yang akan
membentuk bagian Superior dari septum
[Musik]
nasi terdapat labirintus etmoideus yang
terdapat pada tepi lateral lamina
kribosa dan di dalamnya dapat
ruangan-ruangan yang disebut selula OSIS
etmoidei yaitu selula
anteriores media serta posteriores OSIS
etmoidei pada preparat labirintus
etmoideus tidak terlihat karena tertutup
oleh OS frontal di sebelah
[Musik]
superiornya pada dataran media
labirintus terdapat konkarna Sali
suprema konkanasalis Superior serta
konkanasalis media terdapat bula
etmoidea osea hiatus semilunaris oseus
dan juga infundibulum etmoideum
oseum Kemudian pada dataran inferior
terdapat prosesus uncinatus yang akan
berhubungan dengan konkanasalis inferior
konkanasalis inferior adalah konka yang
berupa tulang yang berdiri sendiri
terdiri dari prosesulakrimalis di bagian
anterior
kemudian ada prosesus elmoidalis di
bagian posterior dan ada prosesus
maksilaris di bagian
medialnya di mana pada tepi Superior
bagian frontal konkanasaris inferior
menempel pada kristaoncalis
maksila sedangkan tepi Superior bagian
posterior konkanasalis inferior dan
pangkal prosesus emoidalis menempel pada
kristal koncalis OSIS
palatinus kemudian ada oslakrimal di
mana pada oslakrimal terdapat kristal
krimalis posterior dari oslakrimal dan
kristal lakrimalis anterior makila
membentuk fosaci lakrimalis dan akan
berlanjut menjadi kanalis
[Musik]
nasolakrimalis Lalu ada osnasal osnasal
Dexter dan osnasal sinister Di mana
keduanya itu antara dex dan sinister
membentuk struktura
internasalis lalu OS nasal dengan OS
frontal membentuk struktura
frontonasalis lalu OS nasal dengan OS
masila membentuk sutora
nasomxilaris bagian tepi inferior OS
nasal ikat membentuk apertura
piriformis lalu bagian Superior dataran
dalamnya menempel pada spina nasalis
osis frontalis
osfomer ada di bagian sini
osfomer akan membentuk pars osea
septinasi di mana pada tepi superiornya
berupa alfomeris yang menempel pada
prosesus vaginalis OSIS vuide dan
prosesus
vuideus di mana pada bagian lateral dari
osfomer terdapat sulkus fomeris yang
akan dilewati oleh nervus Arteri
nasopalatinus Lalu ada
osigomatikum di mana pada osigomatikum
terdapat tiga fases yaitu fases
lateralis OSIS gomatici fases orbitalis
OSIS
gomatici dan fases temporis OSIS
[Musik]
gomaci kemudian terdapat
osmakila
osmakila adalah tulang yang membentuk
rahang atas dan sebagian besar tulang
wajah
manusia maksila berartikulasi dengan
maksil Sisi yang berlawanan dengan OS
frontal ospenoidal OS nasal os fomer os
ermoidal korkanaselis inferior os
palatinum os lakrimal
osigumatickum kartilagines nasi serta
septum nasi struktur dan bangunan
maksila yang lebih detail akan
dijelaskan pada bab
maksiloasial lalu terdapat mandibula
mandibula adalah tulang yang membentuk
rahang bawah manusia di mana semua ot
pengyahan menempel pada tulang ini
secara umum mandibula tersusun atas dua
bagian yaitu korpus mandibula dan ramus
mandibula lalu terdapat
ospalatinum
OS palalatinum akan membentuk sepertiga
posterior palatundurum
OS palalatinum sendiri terdiri atas dua
lamina yaitu lamina horizontalis OSIS
palatini dan lamina perpendikularis OSIS
pala
ini Serta terdiri atas tiga prosesus
yaitu prosesus
menidus prosesus orbitalis Lalu ada
prosesus
piramidalis sekian video pembelajaran
kranium kali ini Terima kasih telah
menonton Selamat belajar dan sampai
jumpa S
[Musik]
foreign
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