LA INDEPENDENCIA DE MÉXICO en minutos

Summary

This video delves into the Mexican War of Independence, a pivotal 11-year struggle against Spanish rule from 1810 to 1821. It began with Miguel Hidalgo's 'Grito de Dolores' and culminated in the signing of the Plan of Iguala, establishing Mexico as a sovereign republic. The video explores internal causes like indigenous exploitation and external factors such as Spain's wars and Enlightenment ideas. It outlines the stages of independence: initiation with Hidalgo's cry, organization under Morelos, resistance post-Morelos' execution, and final consummation with the Treaty of Córdoba. The aftermath saw wealth concentrated among the elite, power struggles, economic decline, and a crisis due to labor shortage in agriculture.

Takeaways

• 🗓️ The Mexican War of Independence lasted for 11 years, starting on September 16, 1810, with the Grito de Dolores led by priest Miguel Hidalgo, and ending in 1821 with the signing of the Plan of Iguala and the triumphant arrival of the Army of the Three Guarantees in Mexico City.
• 🏰 The war was fought to liberate the Mexican territory from the Spanish Empire, which was then known as the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
• 🔍 Internal causes for the independence included the poverty of the indigenous population, who were heavily taxed despite their circumstances, and the diminishing wealth of the criollo population due to Spain's instability.
• 🌍 External causes included Spain's ongoing war with England, the Bourbon Reforms that negatively impacted New Spain, the American Revolution's influence, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas opposing Spanish rule.
• 🔥 The independence process had distinct stages: initiation (1810-1811), organization (1811-1815), resistance (1815-1821), and consummation (1821), each marked by significant events and leadership changes.
• 📜 The Plan of Iguala was a key document that declared New Spain, now Mexico, an independent state and outlined the principles of national unity, equality, and religion.
• 🏛️ The signing of the Treaties of Córdoba in 1821 marked the official recognition of Mexico's independence by Spain, with Juan O'Donjúan accepting the sovereignty of Mexico.
• 💵 After independence, wealth within Mexico was redirected towards the native Mexican criollos and mestizos who held power, leading to economic disparities.
• ⚖️ There were power struggles for control over Mexico's wealth and resources among the new state representatives and the economically powerful.
• 📉 The independence war led to a weakening of the guild system, agriculture, and commerce, and an economic crisis due to a shortage of labor as many people left the fields to fight in the wars.

Q & A

What is the process known as that led to Mexico's independence from Spain?

The process is known as the Independence of Mexico, which was the liberation of the Mexican territory from the Spanish Empire, previously known as the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

How long did the Mexican War of Independence last?

The Mexican War of Independence lasted a total of 11 years, from September 16, 1810, to 1821.

Who is credited with initiating the Mexican War of Independence and what event marked the beginning?

The Mexican War of Independence was initiated by the priest Miguel Hidalgo, who gave the Grito de Dolores on September 16, 1810.

What significant event in 1821 marked the end of the Mexican War of Independence?

The end of the Mexican War of Independence was marked by the signing of the Plan of Iguala and the triumphant arrival of the Army of the Three Guarantees in Mexico City in 1821.

What were the internal causes that contributed to the Mexican War of Independence?

Internal causes included the death of many indigenous people due to wars and diseases brought by the Spanish, the impoverishment of the indigenous population who were heavily taxed, and the diminishing wealth of the criollo population due to Spain's instability.

How did the social hierarchy in colonial Mexico contribute to the desire for independence?

In colonial Mexico, indigenous people and mestizos were at the bottom of the social hierarchy and were exploited by Spanish colonists and criollo elites, which contributed to the desire for independence.

What were the external factors that influenced the Mexican War of Independence?

External factors included Spain's war with England, the Bourbon Reforms that negatively impacted New Spain, the American Revolution's influence, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas that opposed the type of government Spain imposed.

Can you describe the different stages of the Mexican War of Independence?

The stages included Initiation, marked by the Grito de Dolores and the first campaigns; Organization, characterized by the establishment of objectives and campaigns led by José María Morelos; Resistance, after Morelos' death, with some rebels accepting pardons and others continuing the fight; and Consummation, with the signing of the Treaties of Córdoba and the Plan of Iguala.

What were the consequences of the Mexican War of Independence for the country's economy and society?

The consequences included the diversion of national wealth towards the criollo and mestizo elites, power struggles over state wealth, a weakening of guild production and agriculture, land appropriation by native Mexicans, and an economic crisis due to a shortage of labor in the fields as many people joined the wars.

How did the signing of the Plan of Iguala contribute to Mexico's independence?

The Plan of Iguala declared New Spain, now Mexico, as an independent state and was a key document that solidified Mexico's status as a sovereign nation.