Independencia de México - sus 4 etapas.

Summary

In this video, Mario Carreón provides an insightful overview of Mexico's War of Independence, which began on September 16, 1810, with Miguel Hidalgo's 'Grito de Dolores' and ended on September 27, 1821, with the triumphant entry of the Ejército Trigarante. The video covers the four main stages of the revolution, from the early battles led by Hidalgo and Morelos, to the eventual loss of insurgent momentum and the final victory through the Plan of Iguala. This historical narrative highlights the efforts to break free from Spanish rule and the key figures who shaped Mexico's path to independence.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Mexican War of Independence began on September 16, 1810, with the Grito de Dolores by Father Miguel Hidalgo.
• 😀 The war ended on September 27, 1821, with the victorious entry of the Army of the Three Guarantees into Mexico City.
• 😀 The main goal of the independence movement was to free Mexico from Spanish colonial rule and abolish the concept of the vice-royalty.
• 😀 Before 1810, ideological movements advocating for independence existed, particularly among Creoles, with Fray Melchor de Talamantes being a prominent figure.
• 😀 Talamantes argued that Mexico was capable of sustaining itself and that independence from Spain was both possible and necessary for the well-being of its people.
• 😀 The war is divided into four major stages, each marked by important battles, leadership changes, and shifting dynamics between insurgents and royalists.
• 😀 The first stage (1810-1811) was led by Hidalgo and saw a large but unorganized insurgent army face off against Spanish loyalists.
• 😀 The second stage (1811-1813) saw the rise of José María Morelos, who achieved significant victories in the south and central regions, such as Cuautla and Acapulco.
• 😀 The third stage (1813-1821) was marked by disarray following the execution of Morelos, with royalist forces, led by General Félix María Calleja, regaining control.
• 😀 The fourth stage (1821) culminated in the signing of the Plan of Iguala, leading to the creation of the Army of the Three Guarantees and the eventual independence of Mexico.
• 😀 The war ended when the Army of the Three Guarantees, led by Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero, triumphantly entered Mexico City in 1821, officially marking Mexico's independence.

Q & A

What event marked the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence?

The Mexican War of Independence began on the early morning of September 16, 1810, when Father Miguel Hidalgo issued the 'Grito de Dolores.'

Who were the key figures leading the Mexican insurgent forces during the war?

Key figures included Father Miguel Hidalgo, José María Morelos, Vicente Guerrero, and Agustín de Iturbide, among others.

What was the primary goal of the Mexican War of Independence?

The main goal of the Mexican War of Independence was to free Mexico from Spanish colonial rule and eliminate the concept of the 'viceroyalty' in the country.

How long did the Mexican War of Independence last?

The war lasted for 11 years, from September 16, 1810, until September 27, 1821.

What was the significance of Fray Melchor de Talamantes' writings before the war?

Fray Melchor de Talamantes' writings were significant because they argued that Mexico could and should be independent, citing the country's resources and the neglect of Spanish governance.

What were the four key stages of the Mexican War of Independence?

The four stages were: 1) The initial rebellion led by Hidalgo (1810-1811), 2) José María Morelos' rise (1811-1813), 3) A period of disorder after Morelos' death (1813-1821), and 4) The final triumph of the Trigarante Army (1821).

What was the significance of the Battle of Puente de Calderón in 1811?

The Battle of Puente de Calderón, fought in January 1811, marked a major military engagement where Hidalgo's forces, although large in number, lacked effective strategy and were defeated by the royalist forces.

How did José María Morelos contribute to the independence movement?

José María Morelos led the insurgent forces to several significant victories, including breaking important sieges in Cuautla and achieving victories in the southern regions of Acapulco and Chilpancingo.

What happened after the death of José María Morelos in 1815?

After Morelos' death, the insurgent movement faced a leadership vacuum, and royalist forces, under General Félix María Calleja, regained control, though some insurgent groups, like those led by Vicente Guerrero, continued to resist.

What was the Plan de Iguala, and why was it important?

The Plan de Iguala, signed in February 1821, was a pivotal document that established the terms for Mexican independence, leading to the eventual surrender of royalist forces and the formal recognition of Mexico as an independent nation.