🥇 Anatomía de la MAMA. GLÁNDULA MAMARIA. ¡Fácil Explicación!
Summary
TLDREste vídeo educativo, presentado por Juan José Sánchez, ofrece una visión detallada de la anatomía de la mama, destacando su importancia en la reproducción y lactancia. Se explica cómo la mama varía en tamaño y forma entre las mujeres, y se exploran las estructuras subyacentes como glándulas mamarias, tejido conectivo y grasa. El vídeo también cubre la irrigación sanguínea, la drenaje linfático y la terminología relacionada con la mama, como los senos accesorios y la línea mamaria. Además, se menciona la relación entre los cambios en la mama y las enfermedades como el cáncer de mama, resaltando la importancia del diagnóstico temprano.
Takeaways
- 👩⚕️ El pecho es una estructura presente en ambos sexos, pero en hombres está poco desarrollado debido a que su función principal es la lactancia postparto.
- 🍼 Las glándulas mamarias son las estructuras más importantes dentro del pecho, pertenecientes al sistema exocrino y son responsables de la producción de leche.
- 🔍 La forma y tamaño del pecho varía ampliamente entre las mujeres, dependiendo de la cantidad de tejido glandular y graso.
- 📏 El pecho se sitúa entre el segundo y el séptimo costillar, con una base apoyada en el pectoral mayor y el nivel de los músculos serratus.
- 📐 Se puede dividir el pecho en cuatro cuadrantes, siendo el superior externo el más propenso a desarrollar tumores malignos.
- 🏼 La piel del pecho es suave y ligeramente estirada, con una textura uniforme y pocas variaciones anatómicas.
- 🏋️♀️ El pecho está compuesto por tejido glandular inmerso en tejido conectivo y graso, con una variación en la proporción de estos componentes entre individuos.
- 🤱 Las glándulas mamarias están formadas por 15 a 20 lóbulos, y dentro de estos, hay cavidades donde se produce la leche materna.
- 🍼 Los ductos mamarios, que transportan la leche, se dilatan cerca de la areola formando los senos mamarios, y se abren en el pezón a través de 15 a 20 conductos.
- 🏥 La presencia de ligamentos de Cooper, que conectan la piel con el tejido mamario, es clave para entender la formación de la peau d'orange en el cáncer de mama.
- 📍 El pezón está ubicado aproximadamente en el espacio intercostal cuarto y es el punto de egreso de los ductos mamarios, rodeado por la areola y las tuberculas de Montgomery.
Q & A
¿Qué estructuras se tocaron en el video de anatomía de la mama?
-En el video se tocaron las glándulas mamarias y todas las estructuras adyacentes a la mama, incluyendo el tejido conectivo y la grasa.
¿Cuál es la función principal de la mama en el sistema reproductivo?
-La función principal de la mama es ayudar en el sistema reproductivo proporcionando leche para la alimentación del bebé después del nacimiento.
¿Por qué la mama varía en tamaño y forma entre las mujeres?
-La mama varía en tamaño y forma debido a la cantidad diferenciada de tejido glandular y grasa; algunas mujeres tienen más grasa y otras más tejido glandular.
¿En qué nivel de los ribs se ubica generalmente la mama en una mujer?
-La mama se ubica generalmente entre el segundo y el séptimo par de ribs, aunque puede variar dependiendo del estado de reproducción de la mujer.
¿Qué es la línea mamaria y qué importancia tiene en la anatomía de la mama?
-La línea mamaria es una línea que va desde la clavícula hasta la ingle, y en cualquier parte de esta línea se puede encontrar tejido mamario accesorio.
¿Qué son los ligamentos de Cooper y qué importancia tienen en la clínica?
-Los ligamentos de Cooper son tejidos conectivos que van de la piel al parenquima de las glándulas mamarias. Son importantes en la clínica porque su distensión puede causar el signo de la 'naranja' en el cuero cabelludo, que es un indicio de crecimientos intramamarios.
¿Cómo se describe el灌溉 de la mama y cuáles son sus principales arterias?
-La mama se irriga principalmente a través de la arteria mamaria interna y la arteria mamaria externa, que son ramas de la arteria subclavia y de la arteria axilar, respectivamente.
¿Cuál es la función de los ductos mamarios y cómo se relacionan con la areola y el pezón?
-Los ductos mamarios son los canales por los cuales la leche se transporta desde las glándulas mamarias hacia el pezón. Se dilatan cerca del pezón formando los senos mamarios y finalmente se abren en el pezón a través de los ductos galactóforos.
¿Qué es la areola y qué características tiene?
-La areola es una estructura que rodea al pezón, es más oscura que el resto de la mama y su diámetro varía entre 1.5 a 2.5 centímetros. Contiene glándulas sudoríparas y tuberclos areolares, que se marcan especialmente durante el embarazo y la lactancia.
¿Cómo se describe el drenaje linfático de la mama y hacia dónde se dirige principalmente?
-El drenaje linfático de la mama se dirige principalmente hacia los ganglios axilares, y también hacia los ganglios cervicales profundos y los ganglios paraesternales.
Outlines
🔎 Introducción a la Anatomía de la Mama
Este primer párrafo introduce el tema del video, que es la anatomía de la mama, y señala que se abordará tanto la mama en hombres como en mujeres, aunque con mayor desarrollo en esta última. Se menciona que la función principal de la mama es ayudar al sistema reproductivo, proporcionando leche para el alimento del recién nacido. Se destaca la importancia de las glándulas mamarias como la estructura más importante dentro de la mama, y se menciona que la leche se produce en estas glándulas y se transporta hacia el exterior a través de conductos. Además, se habla de la variabilidad en el tamaño y forma de las mamas entre las mujeres, y se describe la ubicación general de la mama en el torso, relacionándola con las costillas y los músculos pectorales.
🔍 Estructura y Drenaje de la Mama
En este segundo párrafo, se profundiza en la descripción de la mama, destacando que está compuesta por tejido glandular, conectivo y graso. Se menciona que la mama puede variar significativamente en tamaño y forma, y se describe la extensión de los tejidos mamarios hacia la axila, conocida como cola de axila. Se discute la disposición de los lobulos mamarios y los ductos mamarios que conducen la leche hacia el pezón. Además, se introduce el concepto de los senos lactíferos, que son dilataciones en los ductos cerca del pezón, y se habla de los ligamentos de Cooper, que son importantes para el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama debido a su papel en la formación de la peau d'orange. Se invita al espectador a suscribirse al canal y a explorar otros videos relacionados con la anatomía.
👁️ Explorando el Pezón y la Anatomía Circundante
El tercer párrafo se centra en el pezón y la areola, describiendo su ubicación y estructura. Se menciona que el pezón es el punto de salida de los ductos mamarios y que está rodeado de fibras musculares lisas que ayudan a la expulsión de la leche durante la lactancia. Se describe la areola como una zona más oscura y con tuberclos areolares, conocidos también como tuberclos de Montgomery, que se hacen más prominentes durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Se habla de la variabilidad en la cantidad y ubicación de los pezones y areolas, incluyendo la posibilidad de pezones accesorios a lo largo de la línea mamaria. Finalmente, se introduce el tema de la irrigación sanguínea de la mama, mencionando las arterias mamarias internas y externas, y se sugiere ver otros videos para comprender mejor la drenaje venoso y linfático.
🩸 Drenaje Linfático y Finales del Video
Este último párrafo explica el drenaje linfático de la mama, destacando la importancia de los ganglios axilares y su papel en la metastasis del cáncer de mama. Se describen los plexos perilobulares y subareolares, y cómo estos drenan hacia los troncos colectores que a su vez se conectan con los ganglios axilares y cervicales profundos. Se hace un llamado a la suscripción al canal y a la interacción en las redes sociales, y se cierra el video con una invitación a explorar más contenido relacionado con la anatomía.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Mamario
💡Glándulas mamarias
💡Tejido conectivo
💡Ligamento de Cooper
💡Lóbulos mamarios
💡Ductos mamarios
💡Pezón
💡Areola
💡Drenaje linfático
💡Venas mamarias
Highlights
El vídeo aborda la anatomía de la mama, incluyendo glándulas mamarias y estructuras adyacentes.
La mama está presente en hombres y mujeres, pero es menos desarrollada en hombres debido a su función lactante.
La función de la mama es ayudar al sistema reproductivo proporcionando leche para el bebé después del nacimiento.
La mama se compone principalmente de tejido glandular, conectivo y graso.
El tamaño y la cantidad de tejido glandular varía considerablemente de una mujer a otra.
La mama se encuentra en la región del pecho, entre el segundo y séptimo costado en promedio.
La mama puede estar influenciada por el estado reproductivo de la mujer, aumentando de tamaño y peso.
La mama puede extenderse más allá de sus límites anatómicos en algunas mujeres.
La glándula mamaria está compuesta de tejido epitelial y está rodeada por tejido conectivo y graso.
Las lobulaciones glandulares son cavidades donde se produce la leche materna.
Los conductos mamarios transportan la leche desde las glándulas hasta el pezón.
Los conductos mamarios se dilatan cerca del pezón, formando los senos lactíferos.
El pezón es el punto central donde se abren los conductos mamarios y es rodeado por la areola.
La areola contiene glándulas sudoríparas y elevaciones conocidas como tuberclos de Montgomery.
La mama puede tener tejido accesorio a lo largo de la línea mamaria desde el clavícula hasta la ingle.
La irrigación de la mama se realiza principalmente por la arteria mamaria interna y externa.
El drenaje linfático de la mama es a través de los ganglios axilares y otros ganglios linfáticos cercanos.
Los ganglios linfáticos axilares son importantes en el cáncer de mama ya que son el primer lugar donde se metastasiza.
Transcripts
hi how are things? Welcome to the breast anatomy video, today we will touch the breast and everything that is
with it, that is, we will touch the mammary glands and we will touch all the structures
adjacent to the mother, follow me then in the next video on this channel easy anatomy
by Juan José Sánchez, When we talk about the mother, it is a structure that is present in both
men and women, but the man has it very little developed because the function
of the mother is a function that, let's say, co-helps the reproductive system. because? because once
that product of reproduction that is the baby is born, he needs to suck,
he needs to suck to feed on the milk and that is what is found inside the breast, we are going to
see that the mother is everything but inside the In the breast, the most important structure is the glands that
are found, which are the mammary glands, which are glands of the exocrine system. Why
exocrine? because it is a secretion product, it goes through some ducts to the outside as
we are going to see right now, some authors like to call the breast, breast, however there are
others who say that in anatomy this really is a depression and it is a term that is more or less
distorted because the breast would be the space between the two mothers that would be the breast,
however almost indistinctly some authors call the breast as breast and that is what makes
humans more mammalian animals because we We need the breasts for
our development, we need that great product that women excrete there, which is milk,
so the anatomy that we are going to describe right now is the anatomy of a woman's breasts, which are
the breasts you already develop, in men it is everything is almost the same but it is very little developed
in abundant fibrotic or fibrous tissue. Well then we begin to talk about the breast,
in general it is a structure like the gland but these glands that are immersed
in a stroma, are immersed in a lot of connective tissue and in many fatty tissues, in fact
the breast of some women is more fat than tissue. glandular and in others that are less quantities more
glandular tissue than fat, but that structure is how they exist there and that is why the shape is
so varied from one woman to another, the size is very varied, the amount of glandular content is very varied.
What it will have inside, the shape is also varied, there is a lot of variation in the breast,
so this is a more or less conical-shaped structure whose base rests on the pectoralis
major at the level of the latissimus dorsi muscle and more or less at the level of the serratus muscles.
If we have to more or less compare it with the ribs, we say that the breast goes more or
less between the second and the seventh rib, although some authors say that it is between the third and the seventh rib ,
but well, on average, let's say this between the second. and
the seventh rib, it depends on the stage of reproduction in which the woman is,
if she is a woman who has already given birth or if she is a woman who has already developed, mothers tend to be larger
because they already develop greater weight due to the effect of gravity she will tend to fall,
the more pregnant the woman is, the older this mother is, the more she tends to fall so
that these relationships that I tell you with the ribs can vary enormously,
at the level of the midline it is said that the breast or glandular tissue can extend to the
lateral edge of the sternum and to the axillary line, those are the common limits of the breast tissue
as such, however in anatomy we talk a lot about what the mammary line is, a line that It is
also used in embryology which is a line that goes from the clavicle to the groin and theoretically
in any part of that mammary line accessory breast tissue can be found,
if in any part of that mammary line if everyone knows that area, Now in this
sagittal section of the breast we realize what I tell you that this mammary gland
is not just glandular tissue but there is also a lot of connective tissue, stromal tissue, tissue
in this case it would be adipose that is immersed within them, So after the skin, which is
what we find here, this skin from this region is a very smooth skin that really does not have
large fields or anatomical variations, but rather it is a skin that is quite stretched,
Then we see that here the superficial or superficial subcutaneous cellular tissue is found and
then the deeper subcutaneous tissue is found behind the subcutaneous tissues. We find the
glandular tissue that would be the mammary gland itself, behind that mammary gland
we find the pectoral muscle and the fascia. What covers it is the pectoral fascia, as well as
on the sides we find the serratus anterior muscles also called
serratus major muscles, we see that the mammary gland is larger than the breast and how is that,
well the breast is everything as I told you and here in this section you see that there is tissue under
the breast, glandular breast tissue but see that it has an outward extension that
we call the axillary tail, this according to the greatest amount of tissue towards the armpit That is
what explains why when you cut into four quadrants in a breast tissue,
the malignant locations of the tumors always correspond to more than 70 percent. In fact,
at the level of the upper external quadrant, consider that you divide the breast into Four,
it may have superior external because there is more glandular tissue, it is the place that is most likely
to do some type of damage, neoplasia, a type of proliferative disease, now it gives breast, as
I told you, it can extend along the midline It is said that it can pass above,
above the clavicle laterally, it can even pass the limits of the latissimus dorsi
medially, it can pass the midline and inferiorly we can find glandular tissue
even in the epigastric fossa, notice how large the location of a breast,
at the level of the parenchyma as such that surrounds that mammary gland we find abundant
fibrous tissue and abundant adipose tissue, in addition to the epithelial tissue which is the tissue itself,
very well these mammary lobes are going to make 15 to 20 lobes in each breast, Other authors say
that there can even be 25 to 30 lobes, it varies greatly from one woman to another.
Within those lobes that are in the mammary gland, which are made of epithelial tissue because it is a
gland, we will find large cavities where they are produced. milk,
breast milk, of course, this is influenced by many hormones that make that
gland prepare for milk production. Now these lobes have to carry their
excretion products, which is milk, through some ducts, these are the milk ducts and
these milk ducts all begin to converge looking for the nipple because it is the final place
where this milk is, which is the product of The secretion of these glands reaches the nipple,
now when those lactiferous ducts are converging near the nipple they tend
to dilate and this dilation is known as the lactiferous sinuses. After these lactiferous
sinuses, others follow in the galactopharynic ducts, which are the They open in the nipple
more or less between 15 to 20, finally there is one of them that join together but finally they can reach
up to 15 or 20 lactophore ducts at the level of the nipple. Very well, there are some ligaments that are the
ligaments that Cooper described by a doctor that we even call it Cooper's ligament or
suspensory ligament, this is very important from a clinical point of view because these are
connective tissue ligaments that go from the skin to the parenchyma of the mammary glands of the stroma
better said and this explains why the sign exists, look for it, google it, which is the sign
of the orange or the orange shell, the orange peel that is seen a lot in cancers
of the breast, any tissue that grows in size at the breast level will pull these ligaments,
distend them, tighten them and that will cause the place where it is inserted into the skin to retract and form
holes that are characteristically seen on the skin of women's breasts, like when
they have some intra-breast growth, so this is a sign that without touching the woman,
when you see it you have to quickly suspect that the woman must have some
growth breast and it must be studied to see if it is malignant or benign, but it is important to know
that this is thanks to these Cooper guidelines. Let's continue talking about the breast, let's
Let's get into the structures that are in the nipple, but first don't let them get away from the video
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you will find on this channel, the anatomy of all the muscles of the chest wall, the lung, the
heart, the bone of the limb upper limb, the joint of the lower limb,
arteries, everything you can imagine, there is another video of axillary lymph nodes, armpit,
axillary space and axillary artery, axillary nerve that may be related to the breast
and that may be able to help you. interested, just by subscribing to the channel below. Let's talk
then about the nipple, which is a structure that is theoretically located or is said to be in the center
of the breast that actually falls below the breast, which is the place or the anatomical site where
those galactoferous ducts that would go from the mammary glands themselves to him,
something that I forgot to tell you that in the external anatomy of the breast since
I see it here in the upper part it continues very well with the skin of the thoracic region,
of the antero-upper region of the thorax, but At the bottom if you see a groove that is what
we call the submammary groove, a groove that is important from the point of view of
surgical anatomy since there are several incisions that are made at the level of that submammary groove,
then this The nipple almost always corresponds to the fourth intercostal space, which I told you
at the beginning that, as the position of the breast always varies a lot, this nipple can vary,
it can be a little higher or generally lower at the level of that fourth intercostal space
, I already told you that the nipple is the place where the galactophore ducts open,
let's see how abundant smooth muscle fibers are, some arranged longitudinally,
some arranged radially, and this is due to the fact that when these smooth muscles contract by the
mechanism of the autonomic nervous system, they squeeze, let's say, the milk ducts of
the breasts and even these mammary glands as such have smooth muscle around them
that when squeezed by that smooth muscle there is nothing left for the milk to do except to be ejected,
to shoot out; We are going to see that this nipple, which we say is the part, the central dot measures
approximately one centimeter, it is surrounded around by a structure called the areola,
which in full diameter measures 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters, this area is a more colorful area
than You see at the level of the breast and it becomes even more colored after pregnancy and there it remains that way
thanks to the stimulation of a hormone that is not relevant to the
melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Let's see what areola is. Let's see mammary glands. accessories, although I distance myself,
we are going to find a sweat gland and we are going to find some elevations called the
areolar tubercles, also called Montgomery tubercles, which look very marked, especially
at the end of pregnancy and during breastfeeding, so that is the nipple that is the point. central and the
areola what is on the sides, there are patients who may not have areola or nipple that is called an
atelia, when they have many it is called a polytheia because in many variations you can even
find nipples along the entire mammary line that went from the clavicle to the groin,
accessory nipples as well as animals, you see other mammal animals and they have four
or five mothers on each side, then the human, as it is supposed to be an evolutionary process, can
have breast tissue and nipples even accessories along that entire mammary line,
which is what it is called the mammary line. Let's move on then to the irrigation of the breast,
irrigation is well known through mainly the two mammary arteries, an internal mammary artery
also called the internal thoracic artery, which is a branch, as you can see here, of the first portion
of the subclavian artery, also greatly irrigated by the external mammary, also
called external thoracic or lateral thoracic, which would be a branch of the third, second
forgiveness portion of the axillary artery of venous drainage, also by some superficial veins
that drain, let's say the most superficial part of the breast, they drain towards the internal mammary and towards the
superficial veins of the neck, there is a deeper vein that drains into the breast tissue
deeper the glandular tissue is the one closest to the pectoral that also drains towards the
internal mammary vein but also through the axillary vein and the anterior intercostal veins that
are here at this level, if you do not know those thoracic and intercostal veins in the mammary I invite you
to watch my video on veins of the costal wall, they have the blood vessels of the chest wall
so that you can understand well the route of these blood vessels, finally the lymphatic drainage,
a large part of the lymphatic drainage which is through the nodes axillaries and this is described in a
separate video on lymphatic drainage of the upper limb and the armpit, here he is going to talk
specifically about the lymphatic drainage of the breasts, then the skin the skin tissue drains
the level upwards towards the axillary nodes, towards the deep cervical lymph nodes that
are seen here, some towards the pectoral lymph nodes is that they are in fact part of the axillary lymph nodes and
parasternal lymph nodes that you see are parallel to the sternum, the lymph nodes are always looking for the
venous tissue in which they are always in relation to the veins, that's just the skin, well those are
the deep cervical veins of the pectorals, there we see the parasternal ones, we are going to see the nipple and the
glandular tissue as such first through some plexuses that are seen by a network of the lymphatic system,
one perilobular and one sub areolar that we are going to see below the areola, let's say this
lymph was collected by those plexuses that drain towards two large collecting trunks, let's see one
here right now you can see the left one and one right one, a good one maybe the right one The left one is seen in the
left breast and these collecting trunks look for the axillary lymph nodes and from the axillary lymph nodes they look
for the deep cervical lymph nodes to end up in the structures of the
subclavian collecting trunks. The parasternal lymph nodes also help to drain this deep glandular tissue. Now
that nipple, here we see the axillary nodes very well along the entire axillary vein,
they are abundant and important from a clinical point of view because the majority of
breast cancer metastases seek these nodes, that is why the When you notice a swollen lymph node, it has
to catch your attention and that lymph node has to be studied. Here you can see the subaleolar
and perilobar plexuses, as they look for the collecting trunks, that the left on the
right, see how some look for the parasternal ganglia, look for to the axillary nodes
and finally to the deep cervical nodes to finally drain into the collecting trunks,
you can look for my thoracic duct video so you understand how
this lymph finally ends up in the venous tissue. This was Mom's video then, it was a bit difficult to approach them if
I'm honest since there is a lot of content, the order in a different way and they classify them in a
different way in the books, in the process I tried to keep it as short as possible and concise as possible,
don't forget to subscribe to the channel if you liked the video, give it a like and you can find me on my
social networks like Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315 see you in the next videos
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