Carboxylic Acids, Typical Acids and Esters | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the world of carboxylic acids, highlighting their prevalence in nature with examples like formic, acetic, and oxalic acids. It explains their chemical structure, featuring the carboxy group, and demonstrates typical acid reactions such as with metals, bases, and carbonates. A key focus is on esterification, a reaction with alcohols to form esters, which are showcased through their diverse applications in flavorings, perfumes, and the production of soap. The video also hints at the Le Chatelier's principle, promising further exploration in a related video.
Takeaways
- 🐜 Carboxylic acids are widespread in nature and include formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid.
- 🌿 Formic acid gets its name from the Latin 'formica', referring to ants, as ants use it to subdue their prey.
- 🍷 Acetic acid, known as vinegar when diluted, is derived from the oxidation of ethanol, hinting at its origin from sour wine.
- 🌿 Oxalic acid is toxic and is found in rhubarb leaves, cautioning against their consumption.
- 🔬 Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group, which consists of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group.
- ⚛️ They exhibit typical acid reactions, such as reacting with metals to form salts and hydrogen, with bases to form salts and water, and with carbonates to produce salts, carbon dioxide, and water.
- 🔄 Esterification is a significant reaction where carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters and water; this is a reversible process.
- 🧪 A few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid are often added to esterification reactions to act as a catalyst and to remove water, shifting the equilibrium.
- 🍋 Esters are known for their characteristic smells and are used in flavorings and perfumes, with examples like methyl butyrate (bananas), pentyl acetate (pears), and octyl acetate (oranges).
- 🧼 Animal and vegetable fats and oils, as well as soap, are derived from the esterification of long-chain fatty acids with glycerol.
Q & A
What is the common name for methanolic acid?
-Methanolic acid is commonly called formic acid.
Why is formic acid associated with ants?
-Formic acid is associated with ants because it is the compound red ants inject into their prey.
What is the origin of the name 'acetic acid'?
-Acetic acid is named from the Latin 'acetum', meaning sour wine, as it is produced when wine, which contains ethanol, is oxidized in the air.
Why is vinegar a dilute solution of ethanoic acid?
-Vinegar is a dilute solution of ethanoic acid because it contains acetic acid, which is the result of ethanol oxidation.
What is the common name for ethane dioic acid and why is it toxic?
-Ethane dioic acid is commonly called oxalic acid, and it is toxic, which is why we should never eat rhubarb leaves that contain it.
What group do carboxylic acids contain and what is it composed of?
-Carboxylic acids contain the carboxy group, which is composed of a carbonyl group and a hydroxy group.
How do carboxylic acids react with metals?
-Carboxylic acids react with metals to form a salt and release hydrogen gas.
What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with a base?
-When a carboxylic acid reacts with a base, it forms a salt and water.
What is the reaction between a carboxylic acid and a carbonate?
-The reaction between a carboxylic acid and a carbonate produces a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.
What is esterification and how does it occur?
-Esterification is the reaction where carboxylic acids react with alcohols to produce an ester and water. This is a reversible reaction, often catalyzed by a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, which also helps shift the equilibrium to the right by removing the water formed, following Le Chatelier's principle.
What are esters used for in the catering and cosmetic industries?
-Esters are used in the catering and cosmetic industries for their characteristic smells, which are responsible for the flavors of foods and the scents of flowers, making them useful as flavorings and in perfumes.
What is the relationship between animal fats, vegetable oils, and esters?
-Animal fats, vegetable oils, and soaps are all esters. They are formed from the reaction of long-chain fatty acids with glycerol for fats and oils, and with the salts of fatty acids for soap.
Outlines
🌿 Carboxylic Acids in Nature
This paragraph introduces carboxylic acids, highlighting three common examples found in nature: formic acid (methanolic acid), acetic acid (ethanoic acid), and oxalic acid (ethane dioic acid). Formic acid is noted for its presence in red ants' venom, while acetic acid is associated with the oxidation of ethanol in wine to create vinegar. Oxalic acid is mentioned for its toxicity, particularly in rhubarb leaves. The paragraph also explains the chemical structure of carboxylic acids, which includes a carboxyl group consisting of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group. The typical reactions of carboxylic acids are outlined, including reactions with metals, bases, and carbonates to form salts, water, and carbon dioxide. Additionally, the paragraph discusses esterification, a reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols to produce esters and water, which is a reversible process. The use of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst in this reaction is also mentioned, along with its role in shifting the equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Carboxilic Acids
💡Formic Acid
💡Acetic Acid
💡Oxalic Acid
💡Carboxyl Group
💡Esterification
💡Esters
💡Catalyst
💡Le Chatelier's Principle
💡Flavorings and Perfumes
💡Soap
Highlights
Carboxilic acids are widely found in nature.
Methanolic acid, also known as formic acid, is derived from the Latin 'formica' due to its presence in red ants.
Ethanoic acid, commonly called acetic acid, originates from the Latin 'acetum', meaning sour wine.
Ethanedioic acid, known as oxalic acid, is toxic and found in rhubarb leaves.
Carboxilic acids contain the carboxy group, consisting of a carbonyl and a hydroxy group.
Carboxilic acids react as typical acids with metals, bases, and carbonates to form salts.
Esterification is a key reaction where carboxilic acids react with alcohols to form esters and water.
Esterification is a reversible reaction, demonstrated by the equilibrium arrows in the reaction.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst and dehydrating agent in esterification.
Esters have characteristic smells and are used in flavorings and perfumes.
Examples of esters include methyl butyrate (smells like bananas), pentyl acetate (smells like pears), and octyl acetate (smells like oranges).
Animal fats, vegetable fats, and oils are esters of long-chain fatty acids and glycerol.
Soap is a salt derived from the reaction of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide.
Carboxilic acids are essential in the catering and cosmetic industries due to their properties and reactions.
The video also discusses Le Chatelier's principle in the context of esterification.
Vinegar is a dilute solution of ethanoic acid, resulting from the oxidation of ethanol in wine.
The video provides a comprehensive overview of carboxilic acids, their reactions, and applications.
Transcripts
[Music]
carboxilic acids are found widely in
nature here are three examples first up
methanolic acid methanolic acid is
commonly called formic acid from the
Latin for ant formica as it is the
compound red ants inject into their prey
it was first isolated by distilling red
ants secondly ethanoic acid ethanoic
acid is commonly called acetic acid from
the Latin acetum meaning sour wine this
is because wine which is a solution of
ethanol is oxidized in the air to
ethanolic
acid vinegar is a dilute solution of
ethanoic acetic
acid then e ethane dioic acid ethane
dioic acid commonly called oxalic acid
is toxic and is found in rhubarb leaves
and that is why we should never eat them
carboxilic acids contain the carboxy
group as shown in the video this is made
up of a carbonal group and a hydroxy
group let's have a look at the reactions
of carboxilic acids carboxilic acids
react as typical acids
these are number one acid plus metal
goes to Salt plus hydrogen for example
ethanoic acid plus sodium to sodium
ethanoate and
hydrogen number two acid and base goes
to Salt plus water for example ethanolic
acid and sodium hydroxide become sodium
ethanoate and
water and three acid plus carbonate go
to Salt plus carbon dioxide plus water
for example ethanolic acid and sodium
carbonate to sodium ethanoate carbon
dioxide and
water carboxylic acids also give another
important reaction called
esterification here they react with
alcohols to give an Esther plus water an
example is ethanolic acid and ethanol to
ethy Ethan
and water this is a reversible reaction
which can be seen from the directions of
the two arrows
shown in this reaction a few drops of
concentrated sulfuric acid are added
this sulfuric acid acts as both a
catalyst and to remove the water formed
thereby displacing the equilibrium to
the right following L chatellier's
principle if you don't know this
principle yet no problem we have a video
about it right here just just for
you now let's take a look at what Esters
are actually used for Esters have
characteristic smells and are
responsible for the flavor of foods and
smell of flowers they are therefore
useful as flavorings and perfumes some
examples of Esters together with their
smells are three methy buyle ethanoate
or
bananas pentile ethanoate pears and
octile ethanoate
oranges animal fats vegetable fats and
oils are Esters of longchain fatty acids
and glycerol a soap is a salt of a fatty
acid check out our water and soap
video so to recap carboxilic acids
contain the carboxy group they show the
typical reactions of
acid with alcohols they undergo
aerification to produce Esters and
Esters are used in the catering and
cosmetic
Industries
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