Naming Carboxylic Acids - IUPAC Nomenclature

Summary

This educational video script explores the nomenclature of carboxylic acids, starting with common examples like formic and acetic acids. It demonstrates how to name acids with varying carbon counts, substituents, and functional groups, such as amino, methoxy, and oxo groups. The script also covers the naming of carboxylic acids with cyclic structures like benzoic and cyclohexane carboxylic acids, and introduces common names for dicarboxylic acids, including oxalic, malonic, and adipic acids. The video concludes with examples of cis and trans isomers in dicarboxylic acids, like maleic and fumaric acids.

Takeaways

• 📌 The common name for a one-carbon carboxylic acid is formic acid, and its IUPAC name is methanoic acid.
• 📌 The common name for a two-carbon carboxylic acid is acetic acid, and its IUPAC name is ethanoic acid.
• 📌 A four-carbon carboxylic acid is known as butyric acid in common terms and butanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature.
• 📌 A molecule with a beta-chloro group and a four-carbon carboxylic acid is called beta-chloro butyric acid (common) or 3-chloro butanoic acid (IUPAC).
• 📌 A molecule with a gamma-methoxy group and a four-carbon carboxylic acid is known as gamma-methoxy butyric acid (common) or 4-methoxy butanoic acid (IUPAC).
• 📌 A six-carbon carboxylic acid with an NH2 group on carbon 4 is named 4-aminohexanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature.
• 📌 A molecule with multiple functional groups (amino, methoxy, oxo) is named by prioritizing the carboxylic acid and arranging the substituents alphabetically, resulting in a name like 4-amino 6-methoxy 5-oxo heptanoic acid.
• 📌 A carboxylic acid attached to a benzene ring is called benzoic acid, while attached to a cyclohexane or cyclopentane ring, it is named cyclohexane carboxylic acid or cyclopentane carboxylic acid respectively.
• 📌 A carboxylic acid with an alkene group is named based on the position of the double bond, such as trans-3-hexenoic acid.
• 📌 Dioic acids are named based on the number of carbons and the presence of any substituents, with common examples being oxalic acid (2 carbons), malonic acid (3 carbons), succinic acid (4 carbons), glutaric acid (5 carbons), and adipic acid (6 carbons).

Q & A

What is the common name for a one-carbon carboxylic acid?

The common name for a one-carbon carboxylic acid is formic acid.

What is the IUPAC name for a one-carbon carboxylic acid?

The IUPAC name for a one-carbon carboxylic acid is methanoic acid.

What is the common name for a two-carbon carboxylic acid?

The common name for a two-carbon carboxylic acid is acetic acid.

What is the IUPAC name for a two-carbon carboxylic acid?

The IUPAC name for a two-carbon carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid.

How is the carboxylic acid with a four-carbon chain commonly known?

The carboxylic acid with a four-carbon chain is commonly known as butyric acid.

What is the IUPAC name for a four-carbon carboxylic acid?

The IUPAC name for a four-carbon carboxylic acid is butanoic acid.

How do you name a carboxylic acid with a substituent like a chloro group?

A carboxylic acid with a chloro substituent is named by identifying the position of the chloro group, such as 'beta chloro butyric acid' if the chloro group is on the second carbon.

What is the IUPAC name for a carboxylic acid with a methoxy group on the fourth carbon of a four-carbon chain?

The IUPAC name for this would be '4-methoxybutanoic acid'.

What is the IUPAC name for a six-carbon carboxylic acid with an NH2 group on the fourth carbon?

The IUPAC name for this molecule is '4-amino hexanoic acid'.

How do you name a carboxylic acid with a ketone, amine, and ether group?

The molecule should be named by putting the substituents in alphabetical order and appending the name of the parent chain with the carboxylic acid functional group, like '4-amino 6-methoxy 5-oxo heptanoic acid'.

What is the common name for a carboxylic acid attached to a benzene ring?

The common name for a carboxylic acid attached to a benzene ring is benzoic acid.

How is a carboxylic acid attached to a cyclohexane ring named?

A carboxylic acid attached to a cyclohexane ring is named as 'cyclohexane carboxylic acid'.

What is the IUPAC name for a carboxylic acid with a cyclohexane ring and a methyl group as substituents?

The IUPAC name for this molecule is '3-methyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid'.

How do you name a molecule with a cyclohexane ring attached to a carboxylic acid chain?

The molecule is named by identifying the substituent as 'cyclohexyl' and appending it to the parent carboxylic acid chain, like '5-cyclohexyl octanoic acid'.

What is the name for a molecule with an alkene functional group and a carboxylic acid?

The molecule is named by identifying the position of the alkene and appending 'oic' for the carboxylic acid, such as '3-hexene oic acid'.

What is the common name for a dicarboxylic acid with two carbon atoms?

The common name for a dicarboxylic acid with two carbon atoms is oxalic acid.

How do you name a molecule with two carboxylic acid groups?

A molecule with two carboxylic acid groups is named as a 'dioic acid', and the numbering should be done to give the lower numbers to the substituents, like '2-methylpentane dioic acid'.

What is the common name for a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid with a cis alkene?

The common name for a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid with a cis alkene is maleic acid.

What is the common name for a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid with a trans alkene?

The common name for a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid with a trans alkene is fumaric acid.