HUKUM ISLAM DAN HAM | PENDAHULUAN

Summary

The video discusses the intersection of Islamic law, human rights, and democracy in Indonesia. It emphasizes the importance of Islamic law due to the nation's religious culture and history, but highlights Indonesia's pluralistic legal system, influenced by European continental law and local customs. The speaker explains how Islamic principles coexist with democracy, noting that while democracy isn't fully aligned with Islamic values, it works well under religious guidance. The discussion also covers the universality of human rights, the role of law in upholding these rights, and how democratic decision-making is shaped by religious and societal norms.

Takeaways

• 📜 The discussion covers the intersection of Islamic law, human rights, and democracy in Indonesia, presenting a broad overview of these subjects.
• 🇮🇩 Indonesia is not an Islamic state but respects religion, recognizing six official religions. The presence of Islamic law reflects the religious and philosophical values of the Indonesian people.
• 🕌 The Islamic judicial system in Indonesia dates back to the 16th century, and its role continues to be significant due to the country’s Muslim majority.
• 📚 Islamic law in Indonesia differs from other countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iran, adapting to Indonesia's unique cultural and social contexts.
• ⚖️ Indonesia's legal system is a mix of European Continental law, Islamic law, and customary law, accommodating the country’s diverse ethnic and cultural groups.
• 📖 Islamic law in Indonesia is rooted in the Quran, Hadith (the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad), and ijma (consensus of Islamic scholars).
• 👐 Human rights are fundamental and should be protected by the state, aligning with Islamic teachings which prohibit the violation of a person’s dignity, property, or honor.
• 🗳️ While democracy aligns with some Islamic principles, there are areas where it diverges. In Indonesia, democracy operates within a framework that respects religious values.
• 💬 Decision-making in Indonesia incorporates democratic principles like consultation (musyawarah) and majority rule, though Islamic law guides the boundaries of these processes.
• 🛡️ Laws and policies in Indonesia are influenced by religious values, ensuring that they do not contradict Islamic norms, and are binding for all citizens.

Q & A

What are the main topics discussed in the transcript?

The main topics discussed are Islamic law, human rights, and democracy, particularly in the context of Indonesia.

Why does the speaker say Islamic law is relevant in Indonesia?

Islamic law is relevant in Indonesia because the country has a large Muslim population, and historically, Islamic courts have existed since the 16th century. Furthermore, Indonesia is philosophically and sociologically inclined toward religion.

How does the Indonesian legal system differ from other countries with Islamic law?

The Indonesian legal system is a blend of European continental law, Islamic law, and customary law. This mix is unique compared to countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan, where Islamic law is more dominant or practiced differently.

What are the sources of Islamic law as mentioned in the transcript?

The primary sources of Islamic law mentioned are the Quran, the Sunnah, and Ijma' (consensus of scholars).

How does the speaker describe human rights in the context of Islam?

In Islam, human rights are divinely mandated and must be protected by both the state and individuals. These include the protection of life, property, and honor, as reinforced by hadiths from Prophet Muhammad.

What role does democracy play in an Islamic context, according to the transcript?

Democracy can align with Islamic principles, especially in terms of consultation (shura). However, some aspects of democracy, like majority rule, may not always align with Islamic law, which is based on divine guidance rather than popular opinion.

How does the Indonesian system accommodate religious diversity?

Indonesia accommodates religious diversity by recognizing six official religions and incorporating aspects of Islamic law, while also respecting the diverse cultural and religious customs of its population.

What are the key constitutional references to human rights in Indonesia?

Key references to human rights in Indonesia are found in the 1945 Constitution, particularly in Articles 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31, which guarantee various rights to individuals.

How does the speaker view the relationship between democracy and Islam?

The speaker views democracy as generally compatible with Islamic values, especially in terms of consultation and governance. However, democracy must operate within the boundaries of Islamic principles, and not all aspects of democracy are entirely in harmony with Islamic law.

What is the significance of consensus (Ijma') in Islamic law?

Ijma' represents the consensus of Islamic scholars and serves as an important source of Islamic law after the Quran and Sunnah. It is used to address contemporary issues in the Muslim community.

Outlines

00:00

🕌 Introduction to Islamic Law and Human Rights in Indonesia

This paragraph introduces the session on Islamic law, human rights, and democracy, emphasizing that these three subjects are intertwined. The speaker provides a broad overview and begins by addressing the role of Islamic law in Indonesia. Indonesia is not an Islamic state but is deeply religious, recognizing six official religions. The origins of Islamic courts in Indonesia are traced back to the 16th century, and their relevance to Indonesian society, philosophy, and history is discussed. The coexistence of Islamic law with European continental law is highlighted, along with how Indonesia’s legal system is shaped by historical and sociological factors.

05:03

📜 The Sources of Islamic Sharia and Human Rights

This section discusses the core principles of Sharia law, which are rooted in the Quran, Sunnah, and the consensus of Islamic scholars (Ijma'). It explains that Islamic scholars, or Mujtahids, play a crucial role in interpreting Sharia after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. The speaker then transitions to a discussion on human rights, mentioning how Islamic law aligns with human rights, which are considered inherent from the time of conception. Several articles of the Indonesian constitution enshrine human rights. The speaker references Hadith to emphasize the protection of human dignity, life, and property, showing that Islam considers the preservation of these rights obligatory.

10:05

🗳️ Democracy and Its Relation to Islamic Values

This paragraph explores the relationship between democracy and Islamic values, noting that while democracy and Islam may not always fully align, they share common principles like consultation (Shura) and participation. The speaker argues that democracy, in its essence, can be compatible with Islamic principles, particularly when it respects religious values. In Indonesia, democracy operates within a framework where religious and legal norms coexist, as reflected in decision-making processes and legislative structures. The paragraph concludes by underscoring that any legal or governmental decisions in Indonesia must align with religious values, even though they are influenced by democratic ideals.

Keywords

💡Islamic Law (Hukum Islam)

Islamic law refers to a set of legal principles derived from the Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic texts. In the video, the speaker discusses the role of Islamic law in Indonesia, explaining how it coexists with the country’s legal system. Although Indonesia is not an Islamic state, the presence of Islamic law reflects the beliefs and values of its Muslim-majority population.

💡Human Rights (Hak Asasi Manusia)

Human rights refer to the fundamental rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to, simply by being human. The video highlights how human rights in Indonesia are enshrined in the constitution, specifically mentioning articles such as Article 27 and Article 28. It discusses the universality of human rights and the Islamic perspective on safeguarding personal dignity and property.

💡Democracy

Democracy is a system of government where the people have the power to decide through voting or representation. In the video, the speaker examines the relationship between democracy and Islam, explaining how certain elements of democracy align with Islamic values, such as consultation (shura). However, it is also noted that not all aspects of democracy fully align with Islamic principles.

💡Sociological Aspect of Islam in Indonesia

The sociological aspect refers to how Islamic practices and beliefs are integrated into the cultural and social fabric of Indonesian society. The speaker mentions how the majority of Indonesians are Muslim and how Islamic law is deeply embedded within their philosophical and sociological outlook. This explains why Islamic law has a place in Indonesian courts and society, despite the country not being an Islamic state.

💡Customary Law (Hukum Adat)

Customary law refers to traditional legal systems and practices based on the customs and norms of a specific community. In Indonesia, customary law plays an essential role, especially in regions with distinct ethnic groups and cultural practices. The video highlights how the Indonesian government accommodates this legal diversity, integrating both customary law and Islamic principles into the broader legal framework.

💡Continental European Law

Continental European law is the civil law tradition that Indonesia inherited from its colonial past under the Dutch. The video explains how Indonesian law is a blend of this European legal system, Islamic law, and customary law, reflecting the country’s complex legal heritage. This hybrid system allows Indonesia to address the diverse needs of its population.

💡Sharia (Syariat Islam)

Sharia refers to the Islamic legal system derived from the Quran and Hadith. The speaker discusses how Islamic law in Indonesia, while based on sharia, has its own unique characteristics adapted to Indonesian society. Sharia in Indonesia addresses issues related to faith, law, and moral behavior but is distinct from how it is practiced in other Muslim-majority countries like Egypt or Saudi Arabia.

💡Quran

The Quran is the holy book of Islam and the primary source of Islamic law. The speaker refers to the Quran as one of the three major sources of sharia, emphasizing its importance in shaping Islamic law in Indonesia. The Quran provides divine guidance for Muslims, and its teachings are integrated into the legal and moral framework of the country's Islamic jurisprudence.

💡Consultation (Musyawarah)

Consultation, or musyawarah, refers to the process of making decisions through discussion and consensus in Islamic governance. In the video, the speaker mentions how democracy and Islam share this principle, making musyawarah an essential concept that bridges the two systems. It reflects the idea that important decisions, especially those impacting the community, should be made collectively.

💡Ulama (Scholars)

Ulama are Islamic scholars with expertise in religious law and theology. The speaker highlights the role of the ulama in providing consensus (ijma) on legal matters after the Prophet Muhammad’s death. This consensus helps shape the interpretation and application of Islamic law in Indonesia, as the ulama adapt religious rulings to fit contemporary issues faced by the Indonesian Muslim community.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic covering Islamic law, human rights, and democracy, emphasizing the interconnected nature of these three concepts.

Discussion on the limitations of general laws in Indonesia and the necessity for laws that are philosophically and sociologically rooted in the beliefs of the Indonesian people.

Explanation of why Islamic law is present in Indonesia, including the philosophical and sociological reasons such as the religious nature of Indonesian society and its historical context.

Overview of the historical context of Islamic courts in Indonesia, established since the 16th century, as documented by the Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Islamic law in Indonesia is described as a unique blend that reflects the country's system and culture, differing from the Islamic legal systems in countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan.

Explanation of how Indonesian law is a mixture of the European Continental legal system and Islamic legal principles, influenced by Indonesia’s colonial history and current sociological context.

Description of the presence of customary laws in Indonesia, reflecting the country's ethnic and cultural diversity and the government's efforts to accommodate this diversity.

Overview of Islamic Sharia, its sources including the Quran, Sunnah, and Ijma (consensus of scholars), and the role of these sources in Islamic law.

Discussion on human rights in the context of Islam, which includes both the rights guaranteed by the state and the moral obligations individuals owe to each other, referencing the Hadith about the sanctity of life, property, and honor.

Analysis of the compatibility and differences between democracy and Islam, noting that while both concepts share certain principles like consultation, there are areas where they diverge.

Explanation that while democracy is accepted in Indonesia, it must operate under the framework of religion, highlighting Indonesia as an example where democracy and Islam coexist.

Clarification that decisions in a democratic context in Indonesia are made through consultation (musyawarah) and that the majority rule is not absolute but considered within the framework of Islamic principles.

Highlight of the importance of legislation and policies in Indonesia being aligned with religious values, with laws drawing inspiration from religious norms and the values of the Indonesian society.

Affirmation that laws and policies in Indonesia must be adhered to by all citizens, emphasizing the compatibility of the Indonesian legal system with Islamic values.

Conclusion summarizing the discussion on the relationship between Islamic law, human rights, and democracy in Indonesia, suggesting further exploration through discussion.

Transcripts

ya Shilla Roman Rohim slow alaikum

Warohmatullohi wabarakatuh

Alhamdulillahirobbil alamin washolatu

wassalamu ala asrofil Ambiya Iwal

mursalin sayyidina muhammad wa'ala alihi

washohbihi ajma'in Amma Badu

Hai ada sekalian kita masuk ke materi

sesi

Hai Bahasan tentang hukum Islam hak

asasi manusia dan demokrasi ada 3 item

yang kemudian kita lebur jadi satu jadi

gambarannya sangat mujmal umum sekali

untuk pendalaman materi kita bisa

kembangkan dalam bentuk diskusi

Hai ada beberapa hal yang ingin saya

sampaikan terjaga sedikit tentang materi

ini

hai hai

hai hai yang pertama

Hai mengenai eh

Hai ada masalah dimana negara Indonesia

tidak semuanya dapat diselesaikan

berdasarkan hukum umum yang telah ada

namun tetap memerlukan hukum yang secara

filosofis dan sosiologis tertanam dalam

hati dan kepercayaan masyarakat

Indonesia Nah ini ada beberapa alasan

kenapa kemudian muncul hukum Islam di

Indonesia misalnya ada pengadilan baik

aturan pertama yang Alasannya karena

masyarakat Indonesia secara filosofis

adalah sangat berketuhanan ya Indonesia

memang bukan negara Islam bukan negara

agama tetapi sangat

Hai ramah terhadap agama dan itu

terbukti dengan saat ini kondisi Kita

dimana negara Indonesia mengakui sampai

enam agama resmi di negara lain belum

tentu seperti di Indonesia kemudian

alasan kedua adalah mayoritas penduduk

Indonesia beragama Islam Itu dari sisi

sosiologisnya kemudian berdasar Catatan

sejarah dan telah dibukukan oleh

Kementerian Agama yang berjudul seabad

peradilan agama di Indonesia menjelaskan

bahwa Pengadilan Agama sudah ada di

Indonesia sejak abad ke-16 Itu dari sisi

sejarah dari sisi historis kemudian yang

keempat adalah merupakan produk politik

yang dibuat oleh pemerintah

Hai membicarakan tentang masalah hukum

Islam di Indonesia pada dasarnya adalah

membicarakan salah satu aspek kehidupan

masyarakat Indonesia itu sendiri di

Hai m.hum Islam di Indonesia masa kini

adalah merupakan eh sebuah label yang

diberikan pada ketentuan-ketentuan hukum

Islam yang berlaku di Indonesia dan

sekaligus menampilkan corak kekhasan

Indonesia sistem dan budaya Indonesia

akan lebih terefleksi di dalam kehidupan

kita saat ini dimana yang dimaksud

adalah menyangkut akidah hukumnya maupun

pola pemikiran yang mendasari eh berbeda

beberapa perbedaan dengan hukum Islam

yang berlaku di tempat lain Misalnya di

Mesir Arab Saudi Iran Pakistan dan

lain-lainnya

yang berbeda dengan demokrasi Islam

berasal dari Allah yang telah diwahyukan

kepada Rasulullah Shallallahu Alaihi

Wasallam

I am hal itu tersirat dalam surah

an-najm ayat 3-4 Allah berfirman yang

artinya dan tiadalah yang diucapkannya

nya itu adalah lebih kita Muhammad

Shallallahu Alaihi Wasallam menurut hawa

nafsunya ucapannya itu tiada lain Hanya

berupa Wahyu yang diwahyukan kepadanya

hai hahaha

Hai kemudian kita masukkan hukum di

Indonesia merupakan campuran dari sistem

hukum Eropa kontinental

Hi honey

Hai ada campuran kita lihat bawang

Hai miniatur hukum kita itu masih ada

campuran antara nuansa Eropa

incontinental ya Hah sebagai jajahan

hindia-belanda kemudian meskipun dalam

konteks sosiologis Islam di Indonesia

adalah agama mayoritas kemudian

Ini alasan yang ketiga adalah adanya

hukum adat sebagai gambaran bahwa

bagaimana pemerintah mengakomodir banyak

dan ragamnya suku-suku dan bangsa-bangsa

yang ada di Indonesia kita beragam

sekali banyak

Hai khas suku bangsa

Hai baik selanjutnya kita masuki

pembahasan tentang syariat Islam Shakira

pembahasan syariat Islam mudah karat

juga dibahas di sejak Sekolah Dasar

sampai tingkat jenjang menengah Namun

kita singgung sedikit bahwa dimana

sumber syariat Islam itu ada tiga Aspek

penting yang menopang komposisi dalam

adalah rujukan utamanya Alquran kemudian

ada

Oh ya maksudnya sunnah kemudian ejima

ijma' itu kesepakatan para

Hai ahli khususnya dibidang hukum-hukum

Islam ya

Hai Kalau bahasa agamanya sebut mujtahid

di dalam satu masa setelah wafatnya

Rasulullah

Hai jadi yang dalam memutuskan ada

ijtimak kesepakatan para ulama

Hai ah sesuai dengan konteks yang

dihadapi oleh umat

hai hai

Ok Google

Hai baik kemudian selanjutnya HAM dan

demokrasi

Hai hot bahasan kita nih banyak sekali

cuman melompat-lompat

Hai khas secara umum hak asasi manusia

itu adalah hak yang telah dipunyai

seseorang sejak ia dalam kandungan itu

by berlaku secara universal kalau dalam

konteks di Indonesia itu tercantum dalam

undang-undang dasar kita undang-undang

45 Dimana ada pasal oleh tidak dua ayat

27 ya pasal 27 ayat 1 Pasal 28 pasal 29

ayat 2 kemudian pasal 30 ayat 1 dan

pasal 31 ayat 1

ini adalah konteks Islam hak asasi

berbeda dengan hak asasi menurut

pengertian yang umum dikenal sebab

seluruh hak merupakan kewajiban bagi

negara maupun individu yang telah dan

tidak boleh di abaikan Rasulullah pernah

bersabda Sesungguhnya darahmu hartamu

dan kehormatanmu haram atas kamu nih

Hadits Riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim maka

negara bukan saja menahan diri dari

menyentuh hak asasi ini melainkan

mempunyai kewajiban memberikan dan

menjamin hak-hak ini jadi setiap

individu itu dijamin oleh negara tidak

boleh dirusak mendidih

Hi Ho di marjinalisasi tidak boleh

diperlakukan secara diskriminatif Apapun

alasannya itu manusia secara utuh dalam

Islam juga demikian sebagaimana hadits

yang saya sebutin tadi sesungguhnya

darahmu hartamu dan kehormatanmu haram

atas kamar tinya kita tidak boleh

melakukan perusakan terhadap

pribadi-pribadi setiap orang kecuali

dengan dalil syara' yang masyarakat

membolehkannya misalnya mereka melakukan

tindakan yang melanggar hukum-hukum

Allah kita juga sih Sedikit menyinggung

masalah demokrasi Saya harap sekali di

pembahasan kita nanti ini ah

Hai lebih mengarah lebih dalam dalam

bentuk diskusi ini hanya sekedar

penghantar saja Kemudian sistem

demokrasi adalah bentuk mekanisme sistem

pemerintahan suatu negara yang merupakan

wujud kedaulatan rakyat atau kekuasaan

warga negara atas

ah ah kita bisa lihat di sini urafa

point bahasanya

hai hai

Hai secara umum kita bisa terima

demokrasi ya tetapi tidak tidak semuanya

sejalan dengan konsep Islam

Oh ya istilahnya begini konsep demokrasi

tidak sepenuhnya akan ada yang

mengatakan bahwa demokrasi dan Islam itu

sama mengajarkan tentang musyawarah dan

seterusnya dan seterusnya namun kalau

diteliti secara mendalam ternyata ada

beberapa hal yang memang tidak Selaras

dan namun sistem demokrasi itu lebih

ibaratnya lebih mudah dipahami dan mudah

cocok dan lebih cocok beberapa ajaran

Islam itu sendiri jadi ini demokrasi

tidak sepenuhnya bertentangan artinya

Memang iya demokrasi bahkan lebih

nuansanya lebih mendekati kepada konteks

norma agama dan tidak sepenuhnya juga

sejalan dengan Islam maka sepanjang

alasan-alasan

kickout ini maka a demokrasi kita terima

misalnya demokrasi tersebut harus berada

dibawah payung agama rakyat diberi

kebebasan untuk menyerahkan aspirasi

adanya konteks Indonesia itu adalah

potret yang bagus potret demokrasi dan

Islam dimana demokrasi diterima dengan

baik

Hai kemudian ah apa nggak apa namanya

pengambilan keputusan senantiasa

dilakukan dengan musyawarah ini sudah

terefleksikan dalam kehidupan kita

berbangsa dan bernegara melalui media

yang sudah ditentukan media

lembaga-lembaga resmi hanya ada DPR nya

ada legislatifnya ada yudikatif nya

kemudian ada eksekutifnya sebagai

pemerintah kemudian yang ke-4 suara

mayoritas tidaklah bersifat mutlak

meskipun tetap menjadi pertimbangan

utama dalam musyawarah

hai hai

Hai kemudian musyawarah atau voting

hanya berlaku pada persoalan ijddt bukan

pada persoalan yang sudah ditetapkan

secara jelas oleh Alquran

Hai as selanjutnya produk hukum dan

kebijakan yang diambil tidak boleh

keluar dari nilai-nilai agama kita lihat

bahwa produk hukumnya kita di Indonesia

itu banyak ngambil dari norma-norma

agama jadi norma-norma agama kemudian

terimplementasi dalam bentuk peraturan

di pemerintah baik tingkatan pramuka apa

namanya perundang-undangan sampai

turunannya sampai ke bawah sampai ke

Perda peraturan daerah itu juga

normalnya tidak banyak keluar tetap

mengambil inspirasi dari norma-norma

ataupun kaidah-kaidah yang berlaku dalam

agama maupun kaidah yang berlaku di

tengah masyarakat

Hai kemudian yang terakhir hukum dan

kebijakan tersebut Harus dipatuhi oleh

semua warga ada kalau dilihat dari

poin-poin tadi tidak hampir semuanya

adalah selaras dengan norma yang ada

dalam Islam mungkin itu pengantar dari

pembahasan kita mengenai A3 bahasan Tema

utama sebenarnya tentang demokrasi ada

HAM dan hukum Islam Bagaimana

mengkorelasikan ketiga aspek itu kita

terdalam dalam bentuk diskusi demikian

Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullah

wabarakatuh

yo yo