History of Tourism in the World? What is evolution of Tourism?
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the rich history of global tourism, with a spotlight on Europe and America. It traces the evolution from early trade and currency to modern hospitality, highlighting key civilizations like the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Romans. The script underscores the pivotal role of inventions in facilitating travel and the significant contributions of various cultures to tourism and hospitality. It also touches on the impact of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of American entrepreneurs in shaping the modern hospitality industry, concluding with the legacy of Thomas Cook, often hailed as the father of modern tourism.
Takeaways
- 🌏 The history of tourism, especially in Europe and America, has seen significant evolution and development over time.
- 🏨 Europe is recognized as the birthplace of the hotel industry, while America is known for its innovative and successful experiments in hospitality.
- 🛣️ The invention of the wheel and currency greatly facilitated travel, making it easier for people to visit distant places.
- 🏛️ Prominent civilizations such as the Babylonians, Sumerians, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Romans, Phoenicians, Greeks, Chinese, Polynesians, Europeans, Persians, and Arabs have all contributed to the growth of tourism and hospitality.
- 🛤️ The Romans were instrumental in developing stone-paved roads for military use, which later became crucial for travel and tourism.
- 🚣 The Chinese had ministers for travel as early as 4,000 years ago, and Polynesians used small dugout canoes to travel from Southeast Asia.
- 🏞️ The periodization of tourism includes the ancient period, imperial and pilgrimage period, grand tour period, transition period after World War II, and the modern period.
- 🏰 The Grand Tour era (1763-1773) was a significant time for tourism in Europe, with Italy emerging as an intellectual capital and the elite traveling for education and culture.
- 🏙️ The industrial revolution brought about inventions like steam ships and trains, which shifted the focus of travel from pilgrimage to business and education.
- 🏢 American entrepreneurs revolutionized the hotel industry post-World War II with technological and architectural innovations, as well as aggressive marketing strategies.
- 🧳 Thomas Cook is considered the father of modern tourism, organizing the first inclusive tour to Paris in 1855 and introducing hotel vouchers and circular notes to simplify travel.
Q & A
What is the definition of 'evolution' in the context of tourism?
-Evolution in the context of tourism refers to the gradual development and change in the tourism industry over time, including the improvement of travel facilities, services, and the overall experience for travelers.
How did the invention of will and currency impact tourism?
-The invention of will and currency made traveling easier by providing a standardized and convenient way to exchange goods and services, which in turn helped more people to visit far away places.
Why is Europe considered the birthplace of the hotel industry?
-Europe is considered the birthplace of the hotel industry because it was there where the concept of lodging establishments for travelers began to take shape, with the emergence of early forms of inns and hostelries.
In what ways did America contribute to the growth of the hotel industry?
-America contributed to the growth of the hotel industry through enterprising risk-takers who experimented with new ideas, leading to technological and architectural innovations, as well as aggressive marketing and business promotions.
What is the significance of the Babylonians and Sumerians in the history of tourism?
-The Babylonians and Sumerians are significant in the history of tourism because they were among the first to create money and engage in trade, which facilitated the movement of goods and people, laying the groundwork for travel and tourism.
How did the Egyptians contribute to the development of tourism?
-The Egyptians contributed to the development of tourism by organizing the first cruises and promoting travel for celebrations and festivals, which attracted visitors and encouraged the exchange of cultures.
What role did the Romans play in shaping modern travel?
-The Romans played a significant role in shaping modern travel by developing extensive stone-paved roads for military and civilian use, which facilitated the movement of people and goods, and contributed to the growth of trade and tourism.
Why were the Phoenicians important in the context of tourism and hospitality?
-The Phoenicians were important in the context of tourism and hospitality because they established a network of trading posts around the Mediterranean, which included water transport and the development of infrastructure that supported travel and trade.
How did the Chinese contribute to the early development of tourism?
-The Chinese contributed to the early development of tourism by having ministers for travel as early as 4,000 years ago, indicating a formalized approach to managing and facilitating travel within their empire.
What is the significance of the Grand Tour in the history of tourism?
-The Grand Tour was significant in the history of tourism as it represented a period when travel for educational and cultural purposes became popular among the European elite, leading to the development of hospitality services and the establishment of prominent hotels.
Who is considered the father of modern tourism and what was his contribution?
-Thomas Cook is considered the father of modern tourism. His contribution includes organizing the first inclusive tour packages, introducing hotel vouchers and circular notes, making travel easier and more accessible.
Outlines
🌍 Evolution of Tourism and Hospitality
This paragraph traces the history of tourism, particularly in Europe and America, highlighting the evolution and development of travel and hospitality. It discusses the concept of evolution as a gradual process and the invention of the wheel and currency that facilitated travel. The paragraph emphasizes Europe as the cradle of the hotel industry, while America is noted for its innovative approaches. It also summarizes key phases in the growth of the hotel industry and the historical contributions of various civilizations to tourism, including the Babylonians, Sumerians, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Romans, Phoenicians, Greeks, Chinese, Polynesians, Europeans, Persians, and Arabs. Each civilization is credited with specific contributions, such as the creation of money and trade, the organization of the first cruises, and the development of roads and water transport.
🏛️ Ancient Hospitality and Travel
Paragraph 2 delves into the commercial hospitality activities that predated the 4th century BC, including the travels of Buddhists and Christian missionaries. It discusses the discovery of the Silk Route and the ancient lodging establishments in Corinth, Greece. The Roman Empire's construction of all-weather roads and the subsequent rise of lodging establishments called 'mansions' are also covered. The paragraph further explores the travel and hospitality practices during the Empire era, including the Egyptians' travel for business and pleasure, the Persians' initial military use of travel that later transformed for civilian purposes, and the Greeks' role in shaping modern-day travel with their focus on pleasure travel, currency exchange, and communication. The Roman Empire's development of travel is also highlighted, reflecting the prosperity of the middle class who had the means to travel.
🏰 Aristocracy and the Grand Tour
This paragraph introduces the concept of aristocracy and its influence on travel during the Renaissance and Grand Tour era (1763-1773). It describes the Grand Tour as an essential journey for young men of good birth and fortune to visit major European cities. The main travelers during this time were diplomats, businessmen, and scholars, with the Grand Tour also being popular among the aristocracy. The paragraph lists prominent hotels of the Grand Tour era and discusses the modern period's technological advancements in transportation and hospitality, such as funiculars, ropeways, jet airlines, bullet trains, and luxury cars. It also touches on the American story in hospitality, detailing the innovations and marketing skills of American entrepreneurs that changed the hotel trade, and mentions the impact of the Great Depression and the recovery after the Second World War.
🚂 Modern Tourism and the Legacy of Thomas Cook
Paragraph 4 focuses on the modern period of tourism, post-Second World War, characterized by significant technological advancements in transport and hospitality facilities. It discusses the American entrepreneurs who revolutionized the hotel industry with their innovations. The paragraph also covers the impact of the Great Depression on the hospitality business and the slow recovery post-World War II. A significant part of the paragraph is dedicated to Thomas Cook, who is considered the father of modern tourism. It details his first organized trip, his role as an agent for buying tickets in bulk, and his introduction of packaged tours and hotel vouchers, making travel more accessible. The paragraph concludes with a summary of tourism's development and a teaser for the next session.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Tourism Evolution
💡Hospitality
💡Invention of Wheel
💡Currency
💡Grand Tour
💡Industrial Revolution
💡Aristocracy
💡Thomas Cook
💡Dark Ages
💡Renaissance
💡World War II
Highlights
The evolution of tourism is characterized by a gradual development, with the invention of the wheel and currency making travel easier.
Europe is recognized as the birthplace of the hotel industry, with America being a hub for innovation and risk-taking in hospitality.
Important phases in the growth of the hotel industry in Europe and America are marked by significant advancements and experiments.
Prominent civilizations that promoted tourism and hospitality include Babylonians, Sumerians, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Romans, Phoenicians, Greeks, Chinese, Polynesians, Europeans, Persians, and Arabs.
The Babylonians and Sumerians are noted for the creation of money and trade, which facilitated travel.
Egyptians organized the first cruises and used pyramids for celebrations, contributing to early forms of tourism.
Mesopotamians utilized early roads, primarily dirt paths, to enhance connectivity and travel.
Romans developed stone-paved roads for military use, which later became vital for civilian travel and tourism.
Phoenicians mastered maritime trade and established a network of trading posts around the Mediterranean.
Greeks improved upon Phoenician maritime trade, introducing more advanced ships and carrying passengers for profit.
Chinese civilization had ministers for travel as early as 4,000 years ago, indicating early governmental support for tourism.
Polynesians used small dugout canoes to travel vast distances, showcasing early seafaring and exploration.
The fall of Rome led to a decline in travel and tourism during the Dark Ages, with only the most adventurous undertaking journeys.
The Crusades marked the end of the Dark Ages, with pilgrimages becoming a popular form of travel.
The concept of an ancient passport emerged in 1388, with permits for pilgrimages being required, indicating early travel regulations.
The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in travel with the invention of steam ships, railways, and other mechanized transport.
Switzerland and Britain were leaders in hospitality during the 18th and 19th centuries, offering high-quality inns and chalets.
The Grand Tour era (1763-1773) saw a rise in travel for education and cultural enrichment, particularly in Italy and other European cities.
American entrepreneurs revolutionized the hotel industry post-World War II with innovative technologies and marketing strategies.
Thomas Cook is considered the father of modern tourism, organizing the first inclusive tour and introducing hotel vouchers and circular notes.
The modern period of tourism is characterized by technological advancements in transport and accommodations, such as jet airlines and five-star hotels.
Transcripts
history of tourism world especially
europe and america
tourism evolution and development
what is evolution the gradual
development of something
origin of tourism and hospitality
the invention of will and currency
really made traveling easy
and hence helped more people to visit
far away places
hospitality emerged and kept pace with
this unstoppable growth
europe is the birthplace of hotel and in
business but
it was in america where enterprising
risk takers experimented with new ideas
and succeeded spectacularly important
phases in growth of hotel industry
in europe and america summarizing the
world tourism history
in a few pages it is impossible history
is always learnt from documents
and every document has limitations
therefore instead of giving you a long
tedious presentation would like to just
highlight the important civilizations
and their contributed milestones
prominent civilizations that promoted
tourism
travel and hospitality the babylonians
sumerians the egyptians mesopotamians
the romans phoenicians greeks
chinese polynesians europeans
chinese persians and arabs
important contributions are the
babylonians
sumerians the creation of money and
trade
babylon is the most famous city from
ancient mesopotamia
whose ruins lie in modern-day iraq 59
miles or
94 kilometers southwest of baghdad
the egyptians first cruises were
organized and conducted from egypt
pyramids celebrating festivals
important contributions continued
mesopotamians use of early roads
roads were mainly paved dirt roads
the romans modern-day capital of italy
developed stone-paved roads for military
use
and it covered most of their empire
important contributions continued
phoenicians syria lebanon and northern
israel
mastership rights built a network of
trading posts around the mediterranean
water transport greeks
greece followed the phoenicians
improved ships and accelerated the
mediterranean trade
merchant ships also carried passengers
for profit
a dugout canoe was unearthed from
florida waters
after hurricane irma dugouts are the
oldest boats archaeologists have found
dating back about 8 000 years
important contributions continued
chinese had ministers for travel as
early as 4 000 years ago
polynesians hawaii new zealand and
easter island
used small dugout canoes under 40 feet
and used these to travel from southeast
asia
europeans the fall of rome spelled
disaster for travel and tourism
dark ages only the most adventurous
persons would travel
travel was not for pleasure the crusades
end of the dark ages pilgrimages were
popular
the ancient passport was born in 1388
permits for pilgrimages were required
introduction early travel
earlier travel was essentially to seek
food or to escape danger
travel was also undertaken for trade
growth of cities along fertile river
banks like nile etc
encouraged water travel ancient empires
like the romans helped shape modern
travel
early travelers
periodization of tourism 1 ancient
period
2. imperial period and pilgrimage period
3 grand tour period
4 the transition period after
devastating second world war
5 the modern period ancient period
commercial hospitality activities
existed before 4th century bc
buddhists and christian missionaries
traveled afar
to propagate and promote their religion
discovery of silk route that connected
east to west in 2000 bc
is evidence of travel the ancient era
hospitality
corinth in greece was home to a number
of lodging establishments
the inns of the biblical era were
primitive
with little or no regard to privacy
or personal sanitation depiction of
travel in ancient period
roads being built during roman empire
advent of all-weather roads in 3rd
century a.d
a wide network of brick-paved roads were
constructed in europe and minor asia
that was turkey and eastern europe
this was an opportunity to build many
lodging establishments along the road
these lodging places were called
mansions
some of the ancient roads still exist
the empire era the egyptians
at its peak the travel for business and
pleasure flourished
travel to outlining cities was necessary
various amenities were offered to
travelers
they traveled for pleasure and festivals
were held every year
people used to travel to attend these
festivals and bring back souvenirs
a cave painting in the persians
persia is the former name of iran they
started travel
initially for military use
later on facilities used for military
were transformed
to facilitate civilian travel roads were
built
markers were established to indicate
distances
safety of travelers was given importance
modes of transport like wagons donkeys
mules were introduced the old persian
empire
shown in yellow color
the greeks the greeks were the first
who shaped the modern day travel
pleasure travel was popular
travel was advanced by two developments
currency exchange
as greek cities accepted foreign
currency
making it easier for travelers
communication
the greek empire covered the entire
mediterranean
thus the language was widely understood
they provided all the amenities required
by traders and travelers a painting of
an old greek port city
the reason why traders are given so much
importance
is not hard to understand they always
pay large amount of money in taxes
and sometimes can even lend money to the
king
in times of emergencies
the romans the prosperity of the roman
empire was reflected in the development
of travel
the romans included a large group of
middle class
who had money and time to travel
they built excellent roads
transportation and communication systems
they built rest houses industrial
revolution and transition period
the industrial revolution saw the power
of inventions
like steam ships steam engines railway
network
power looms and rapid mechanization
leading to mass industrial production
this was the period when population
started moving from rural to urban areas
the focus of travel now shifted to
business from education
or pilgrimage a painting
showing a group of villagers moving to a
newly built city
village to city migration
leaders of hospitality in europe
first switzerland then
britain the hospitality establishments
in switzerland were called chalets
a small cottage where the main customers
were the rich and powerful aristocrats
between 1750 and 1825
british inns enjoyed the reputation of
being the finest in europe
we can see a modern day chalet in
switzerland
one more chalet image
what is aristocracy a class of persons
holding exceptional rank and privileges
especially the hereditary
by birth nobility a government
or state ruled by an aristocracy
elite or privileged upper class
government by those considered to be the
best or most able people in the state
aristocracy was the rule of elite a
governing body composed of the ones
considered to be the best or most able
people in the state
any class or group considered to be
superior
as through education ability wealth or
social prestige
renaissance and grand tour era a.d
1763-1773 the rise of italy as
intellectual capital of europe
grand tour a tour to the principal
cities and places of interest in europe
like france italy germany
austria switzerland and ireland
formerly said to be an essential part of
the education of the young man of good
birth and fortune
main travelers were diplomats business
people
and scholars moving mostly for career
education culture literary
health and scientific research business
and economic reasons opportunity for
hospitality business
grand tour was also patronized by
aristocracy
and therefore smart businessmen sensed
good money
in catering to this group of rich and
powerful travelers
prominent hotels of grand tour era
dolder grand zurich swiss imperial
vienna austrian via euroziten hamburg
german de bergs geneva swiss
hotel dolder grand switzerland
modern period it was basically
the period after second world war
characterized by technological
development of transport
such as funiculars ropeway jet airlines
bullet trains ships luxury cars
and facilities like five-star hotel
accommodations
modern period after second world war
american story in hospitality
american entrepreneurs literally changed
the face of the hotel trade
with their breathtaking technological
and architectural innovations
kanye business promotions and aggressive
marketing skills
in a country that had just established
itself
as the first superpower of the world
after second world war
chronicle of american hospitality
city hotel new york 1794
73 rooms exchange coffee house
boston city hotel 2nd
comma baltimore mansion house
philadelphia
tremont house boston
170 rooms door lock
indoor plumbing running water bathing
facility
bowl pitcher free soap in room
of american hospitality continued
grand pacific the palmer house the
sherman house
chicago the palace san francisco
800 rooms the first business hotel
statler hotel buffalo new york
1908 with 450 rooms
attached bath hot and cold water
electric lamp on desk and radio in room
the great depression 1929-1935
the terrible economic slowdown wiped out
much of the hospitality business in
america
it was only a slow recovery after the
second world war had ended in 1945.
father of tourism and travel thomas cook
is considered to be the father of modern
tourism
his first organized trip was leicester
to loughborough
in 1841 it covered a distance of 22
kilometers for 570m members
he acted as an agent by buying tickets
in bulk
and selling it to others on a non-profit
basis
this gave him an idea to package tours
in a profitable manner
he organized the travel arrangements
accommodations
transport at the destinations and
returned to the homeland
he organized the first inclusive tour
to paris exhibition in 1855
hotel voucher was introduced
by thomas cook in 1867
and circular note in 1873
which made travel easier first round the
world tour
in 1872 a summary of tourism in this
table is for reference
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end of part two of the lesson on tourism
see you in the next session thank you
for watching
compilation and presentation by praveen
jah
ihm poor vaishali bihar
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