Pressure Sensor || Working of pressure sensor || Types and application of pressure sensor

Summary

This video from the Vitas Communication tutorial series delves into the concept of pressure, defining it as force per unit area. It covers various pressure measurement tools like manometers for low pressure and mechanical gauges for high pressure. The tutorial also touches on different types of pressure sensors and their applications, including in industries such as food processing and pharmaceuticals, where they are crucial for monitoring and controlling pressure in critical processes.

Takeaways

• 🔍 Pressure is defined as force per unit area, measured when forces are perpendicular to the surface.
• 📏 The SI unit for pressure is Pascal (or Newton per square meter), with other units including atmosphere, pound per square inch, and millimeters of mercury.
• 🌡️ Manometers are used for measuring low pressures, with simple and differential types available to measure pressure or pressure differences.
• 📈 High pressure is measured using mechanical gauges like Bourdon tubes, which respond to pressure differences by straightening out.
• 🛠️ Mechanical gauges, such as piston and bellows, are used for medium to high pressures and convert pressure into mechanical movement.
• 🔧 Diaphragm-based pressure sensors are used for measuring pressure by sensing the deflection of a thin, flexible disc.
• 📊 Types of pressure sensors include potentiometric, inductive, capacitive, piezoelectric, strain gauge, and variable reluctance sensors.
• 🔎 Pressure sensors can indirectly measure variables like flow, level, and speed, and are used in various industries for monitoring and control.
• 🏭 Applications of pressure sensors span across industries like food processing, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, and automotive for monitoring and safety.
• 💡 Pressure sensors are also utilized in engines to monitor combustion chamber pressure for performance and safety.

Q & A

What is pressure and how is it measured?

Pressure is a physical quantity defined as force per unit area when the applied forces are perpendicular to the surface. It is measured using instruments like manometers for low pressure and pressure gauges for high pressure.

What is the SI unit of pressure?

The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal, which is equivalent to Newtons per square meter.

What are the different types of manometers used for measuring pressure?

There are two types of manometers used for measuring pressure: simple manometers and differential manometers. Simple manometers consist of a U-tube with one end open to the atmosphere and the other connected to the point where pressure is to be measured. Differential manometers are used to measure the difference in pressure between two points.

Why are mechanical gauges used for high pressure measurement?

Mechanical gauges are used for high pressure measurement because manometers become bulky at high pressures. They employ mechanical elastic elements like bellows, diaphragms, and Bourdon tubes to measure pressure.

How does a Bourdon tube work in a pressure gauge?

A Bourdon tube is a hollow tube with an elliptical cross-section. When there is a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tube, it tends to straighten out, causing the end to move. This movement is then used to indicate the pressure.

What is a diaphragm and how is it used in pressure measurement?

A diaphragm is a flexible disc, either flat or with concentric corrugations, made from sheet metal. It is used in pressure sensors where its deflection due to pressure is transmitted to a pointer on a dial through a mechanical linkage.

What are the different types of pressure sensors mentioned in the script?

The script mentions potential (resistive), inductive, capacitive, piezoelectric, strain gauge, and variable reluctance pressure sensors as different types of pressure sensors.

How are pressure sensors used in the food processing industry?

Pressure sensors are used in the food processing industry to apply high pressure to destroy pathogens, ensuring food safety and quality.

What is the role of pressure sensors in the pharmaceutical industry?

In the pharmaceutical industry, pressure sensors are used to monitor and maintain the pressure inside drug manufacturing chambers to protect them from germs and maintain a sterile environment.

How are pressure sensors used in the petroleum industry?

Pressure sensors in the petroleum industry are used to monitor gas pressure, which is crucial for safe and efficient operations.

What is the purpose of a stopper in a Bourdon tube pressure gauge?

The stopper in a Bourdon tube pressure gauge helps to bring the needle back to its initial position when the pressure is released, ensuring accurate zeroing of the gauge.