Kurikulum Merdeka Rangkuman PPKN Kelas 8 Bab 2: Bentuk dan Kedaulatan Bangsa

Summary

This video provides an educational overview of Indonesia's system of governance, focusing on topics from 8th-grade PPKN curriculum under the Merdeka curriculum. It explains Indonesia as a unitary state, emphasizing decentralization and the legal foundation found in the 1945 Constitution. The video outlines the differences between centralized and decentralized systems, the structure of a republic, and the role of law and sovereignty. Key concepts such as the rule of law, equality before the law, and the division of powers between national and regional governments are also highlighted.

Takeaways

• 📘 Indonesia is a unitary state, as stated in Article 1, Paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which defines the country as a republic.
• 🏛️ Indonesia practices a decentralized system of governance, where the central government delegates authority to local governments, as explained in Article 18 of the Constitution.
• ⚖️ The concept of a unitary state in Indonesia involves both centralized and decentralized systems, with their respective advantages and disadvantages.
• 🗺️ The form of the state (e.g., unitary or federation) differs from the form of government (e.g., monarchy or republic). Indonesia is a unitary state with a republican form of government.
• 📜 As a constitutional state, Indonesia adheres to the rule of law, ensuring that laws govern the country, not individual rulers.
• 👥 In a state based on the rule of law, there are three key principles: the supremacy of law, equality before the law, and due process of law.
• 🇮🇩 Indonesia is a democratic state where sovereignty lies with the people, as reflected in the amended Article 1, Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution.
• 👥 The sovereignty of the people is represented by various representative bodies, including the MPR, DPR, DPRD (both provincial and city/regency), and village consultative bodies.
• 🗳️ Indonesia’s sovereignty is not absolute; it is limited by laws and regulations in accordance with Pancasila, which includes principles of people's welfare and deliberation.
• 📊 The MPR has the authority to amend and establish the Constitution, inaugurate and, if necessary, dismiss the president or vice president, as stated in Article 3.

Q & A

What does Indonesia being a 'unitary state' mean, according to the script?

Indonesia being a 'unitary state' means that the country is governed as a single entity, as stated in Article 1, Section 1 of the 1945 Constitution. The country follows a centralized government structure but operates with a decentralized system, delegating tasks and authority from the central government to local governments.

What are the two systems of government mentioned, and which one does Indonesia use?

The two systems of government mentioned are centralization and decentralization. Indonesia uses a decentralized system, where the central government delegates authority to local governments.

What is the significance of Articles 18, Sections 1, 2, and 5 of the Indonesian Constitution?

Articles 18, Sections 1, 2, and 5 of the Indonesian Constitution define the relationship between the central government and local governments, reinforcing the decentralized governance system.

How can individuals contribute to maintaining Indonesia's unity, as mentioned in the script?

Individuals can contribute to maintaining Indonesia's unity by respecting diversity in ethnicity, religion, race, and language, resolving conflicts, helping others adapt to new environments, and promoting harmony in schools and communities.

What is the difference between a unitary state and a federation?

A unitary state has a single centralized government structure, while a federation consists of multiple governing bodies that share power between national and regional governments.

What are the key distinctions between a monarchy and a republic as forms of government?

A monarchy is a government where leadership is inherited through a royal lineage, while a republic elects its leaders through elections.

What does the phrase 'rule of law, not of man' mean in the context of Indonesia as a legal state?

'Rule of law, not of man' means that the law governs the country, not individual rulers or politicians. Laws must be followed in all governmental actions and decision-making processes.

What are the three principles of a legal state, as discussed in the script?

The three principles are: (1) Supremacy of law – all issues are resolved through legal means; (2) Equality before the law – all citizens are equal under the law; (3) Due process of law – all governmental actions must be based on lawful regulations.

How did the role of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) change after the constitutional amendment?

Before the amendment, the MPR held full sovereignty on behalf of the people. After the amendment, sovereignty remained with the people, but it is exercised through constitutional law. The MPR now shares responsibilities with other representative bodies, like the DPR and DPD.

What are the key roles of the president as defined in the script?

The president is supported by ministers, who are appointed and dismissed by the president, and oversees specific governmental functions. The president cannot dissolve the House of Representatives (DPR) and must operate within the framework established by the Constitution.