READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY- MEANING OF HISTORY,SOURCES OF HISTORICAL DATA & HISTORICAL CRITICISM

Summary

This educational video script delves into the significance of history, emphasizing its essence beyond mere memorization of dates and facts. It introduces historiography, the critical analysis of historical writing, and the importance of primary and secondary sources in understanding Philippine history. The script discusses credibility, authenticity, and provenance, and touches on the role of historians in interpreting historical evidence. It also explores external and internal criticisms used to assess the reliability of historical sources. The video highlights various repositories like the National Archives of the Philippines and the National Museum, which safeguard historical documents and artifacts, crucial for preserving the nation's cultural heritage.

Takeaways

• 📚 The unit introduces the meaning of history and its significance in society, emphasizing the importance of understanding the discipline's role.
• 🔍 It discusses the basis of historical data, distinguishing between primary and secondary sources, which is crucial for understanding the authenticity and reliability of historical records.
• 🏛️ Primary sources are original materials created during the time of the event by participants, such as documents, memorabilia, and diaries.
• 📚 Secondary sources are interpretations or analyses of primary sources, often created by historians or researchers who did not directly experience the event.
• 🕵️‍♂️ The script highlights the importance of internal and external criticisms to assess the credibility and authenticity of historical sources.
• 🏛️ External criticism involves verifying the physical characteristics of historical evidence, such as language use and material consistency with the period.
• 🔎 Internal criticism examines the content of the material, including its truthfulness and the reasons behind its creation.
• 🏛️ The script mentions various repositories of primary sources in the Philippines, including the National Archives, National Library, National Historical Commission, and the National Museum.
• 🌟 The National Archives of the Philippines is responsible for preserving and promoting the country's cultural heritage and national identity through archival documents.
• 🏛️ The National Museum of the Philippines acquires and documents historical and cultural artifacts for preservation and education on national identity.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of Unit 1 in the study of Philippine history?

Unit 1 focuses on the meaning of history, the significance of this discipline in society, and introduces the basis of historical data.

What are the two types of sources discussed in the script for understanding history?

The script discusses primary and secondary sources as the two types of historical data.

What is the difference between primary and secondary sources in historical study?

Primary sources are materials produced during the time of the event by participants, such as government records or diaries, while secondary sources are created by someone who uses a primary source as the subject of their material, such as newspaper articles or books.

What are the three aspects of evaluating historical sources mentioned in the script?

The script mentions credibility, authenticity, and provenance as the three aspects of evaluating historical sources.

Why is it important to consider other forms of historical sources beyond written documents?

It is important to consider other forms of historical sources because traditional reliance on written documents can discriminate against social classes that may not have been able to record their own experiences, leading to potential gaps and inconsistencies in historical records.

What is historiography and how does it relate to the study of history?

Historiography is the study of the methods of history itself, including the analysis and interpretation of historical writing, which helps in critiquing the content and determining its basis or authenticity.

How do historians ensure their biases do not affect their judgment of historical facts?

Historians employ methods to detoxify their biases, ensuring they do not blind their judgment when analyzing historical facts.

What is the role of the National Archives of the Philippines in preserving historical data?

The National Archives of the Philippines is responsible for preserving and promoting the country's cultural heritage and national identity by storing and managing archival documents that attest to the nation's history.

What are the functions of the National Library of the Philippines in relation to historical data?

The National Library of the Philippines collects and preserves documents of national interest and importance, including books, periodicals, films, and other materials that contribute to the understanding of Philippine history.

What is the function of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines?

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines promotes Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, site management, and heraldry works.

How does the National Museum of the Philippines contribute to the understanding of history?

The National Museum of the Philippines acquires and documents historical and cultural artifacts for preservation and education on national identity, contributing to the understanding of history through the display and interpretation of these artifacts.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to the Study of History

This paragraph introduces the unit on the meaning of history, emphasizing the importance of understanding history's significance in society. It discusses the need to explore historical data sources, including primary and secondary sources, and the importance of evaluating their authenticity and reliability. The learning objectives include grasping the concept of history, identifying different types of sources, and comparing internal and external criticisms. The paragraph also touches on historiography, which is the study of the methods used by historians to write history, and the challenges of focusing on memorization over understanding the essence of historical events.

05:06

🔍 Understanding Primary and Secondary Sources

Paragraph 2 delves into the distinction between primary and secondary sources in historical research. Primary sources are original materials created during the time of the event by participants, such as documents, memorabilia, government records, and personal accounts. Secondary sources, on the other hand, are interpretations or analyses of primary sources, often created by those who did not directly experience the event. The paragraph also introduces the concepts of internal and external criticism, which are methods used by historians to evaluate the credibility and authenticity of historical sources.

10:07

🏛️ Repositories of Primary Sources

Paragraph 3 focuses on the repositories that house primary sources, which are crucial for preserving historical evidence. It mentions various institutions such as the National Archives of the Philippines, which is responsible for preserving the nation's historical documents, and the National Library, which collects and preserves documents of national interest. The National Historical Commission of the Philippines is also highlighted for its role in promoting historical research and conservation. The paragraph underscores the importance of these repositories in maintaining the authenticity and accessibility of primary sources for educational and research purposes.

15:10

🌟 The Role of Disciplines in Historical Study

This paragraph explores the relationship between history and other disciplines such as archaeology, linguistics, sociology, psychology, biology, and biochemistry. It explains how each discipline contributes to the understanding of history by providing different perspectives and methods of analysis. Archaeology, for instance, uncovers physical evidence of past human activity, while linguistics traces the evolution of languages. Sociology examines the development and structure of human societies, psychology delves into human behavior, and biology and biochemistry study the interactions between organisms and their environment.

20:15

📖 Conclusion on Historical Data and Criticism

The final paragraph summarizes the key points discussed in the video script, which include the meaning of history, the sources of historical data, and the importance of historical criticism. It reiterates the significance of understanding the nature of historical events and the methods used to study them. The paragraph concludes by thanking the viewers for their attention, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to the study of history that includes various disciplines and critical analysis of sources.

Keywords

💡History

History refers to the study of past events, particularly in human affairs. In the video, history is presented as a discipline that is crucial for understanding the society and the events that have shaped it. The script emphasizes that history is not just about memorizing dates and names but also about understanding the essence of past events and their causes, which is central to the video's theme of exploring the meaning and significance of historical study.

💡Historiography

Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in researching, analyzing, and writing history. The video discusses historiography as a way to learn how to critique historical writings, discerning whether they are based on solid evidence or mere hearsay. This concept is integral to the video's exploration of how history is constructed and interpreted, highlighting the importance of critical analysis in historical research.

💡Primary Sources

Primary sources are original materials that were created during the time under study or by people directly involved in the events being researched. The video explains that primary sources include documents, memorabilia, government records, and diaries, which are essential for understanding Philippine history. These sources are highlighted as the most direct and credible evidence of past events, illustrating the video's focus on the authenticity and reliability of historical data.

💡Secondary Sources

Secondary sources are works created by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or time period being discussed. The video mentions that secondary sources, such as newspaper articles and books, are based on primary sources and are used to interpret and analyze historical events. These sources are crucial for the video's discussion on how historians build narratives and draw conclusions from existing evidence.

💡Credibility

Credibility, in the context of the video, refers to the quality of being convincing, believable, or reliable. The script emphasizes the importance of assessing the credibility of historical sources to ensure that the information presented is trustworthy. This concept is central to the video's theme of evaluating the authenticity and reliability of historical data.

💡Authenticity

Authenticity pertains to the genuineness and originality of a historical source. The video discusses authenticity as a key factor in determining the validity of historical evidence. Authentic sources are those that are true to the events they describe and have not been altered or fabricated, which is essential for the video's message on the importance of accurate historical representation.

💡Provenance

Provenance is the place of origin or the history of ownership of a historical source. The video touches upon provenance as a way to trace the origins of historical materials and to verify their authenticity. Understanding provenance is crucial for the video's theme of ensuring the reliability of historical data, as it helps to confirm the source's background and its journey over time.

💡External Criticism

External criticism is the process of verifying the authenticity of historical evidence through its physical characteristics. The video explains that external criticism involves analyzing the language used and the physical features of a document to determine its consistency with the period it was produced. This concept is important for the video's discussion on how to assess the reliability of historical sources from a material perspective.

💡Internal Criticism

Internal criticism involves examining the content of a historical source for its truthfulness and consistency. The video describes internal criticism as a method to evaluate the narrative and the reasons behind the creation of a historical document. This concept is integral to the video's exploration of how historians assess the validity of the information presented in historical sources.

💡Repositories

Repositories, as mentioned in the video, are institutions or places where historical sources are stored and preserved. The script discusses various repositories such as the National Archives of the Philippines, the National Library, and the National Museum, which are crucial for the conservation of historical documents and artifacts. These repositories illustrate the video's theme of the importance of preserving historical data for future study and understanding.

💡Archaeology

Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. The video mentions archaeology as a discipline related to history, emphasizing its role in providing evidence of past events through the study of material culture. This concept is relevant to the video's message about the multidisciplinary approach to understanding history and the various forms of evidence that can be used to reconstruct the past.

Highlights

Introduction to the meaning of history and its significance in society.

Discussion on the basis of historical data, including primary and secondary sources.

Explaining the importance of understanding criticisms in historical studies.

Defining credibility, authenticity, and provenance in the context of historical sources.

History defined as the study of past events and their causes.

Historiography as the study of the methods and practices of writing history.

The role of written documents in traditional historical event validation.

The limitations of relying solely on written texts and the need for other forms of historical sources.

Historians' responsibility in analyzing, interpreting, and organizing historical facts.

The influence of historians' environment and education on their work.

Methods employed by historians to minimize biases in their judgments.

Interrelation of history with other disciplines like archaeology, linguistics, and sociology.

Definition and examples of primary sources in historical research.

Definition and examples of secondary sources in historical research.

External criticism as the verification of historical evidence through physical characteristics.

Internal criticism as the examination of the content's truthfulness in historical materials.

Repositories of primary sources and their roles in preserving historical data.

The functions and significance of the National Archives of the Philippines.

The role of the National Library of the Philippines in collecting and preserving documents of national interest.

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines' role in promoting Philippine history and cultural heritage.

The National Museum of the Philippines' function in acquiring and documenting historical and cultural artifacts.

Transcripts

good day students of janet do greetings

in philippine history welcome to our

discussion for today

unit 1

the meaning of history

sources of historical data and

historical quidditch assembly

so overview

this unit introduces the meaning of

history

and significance of this discipline in

the society so we have

to discuss the basis of historical data

the primary and secondary sources the

criticisms

whether internal or external acquities

exams so that readers may assert them

the authenticity and reliability of the

primary sources as readings to

understand the philippine history

learning objectives

at the end of this unit you will be able

to

understand the meaning and relevance of

the study of history

identify primary and secondary sources

and compare internal and external

criticisms

and the third one

know how to analyze

the credibility

authenticity

and the provenance when we speak of

credibility

uh we are talking of the quality of

being convincing or believable or

reliable

authenticity we speak of the genuineness

and the originality and for the

provenance we speak of the place of

origin

history is the study of events

that happened in the past and the causes

of those events

but this is what is lacking in our study

of history the essence of history

most of the time in our discussion of

history

and even in the assessment of history we

focus

on the dates

places and names of persons

that is why we often said and here after

history

why

because we simply memorize

kite support examiner in detail predict

memorize because what exam questions are

situational

so while history is the study of past

events

historiography deals with the study of

history itself

so

it is the study of historical writing

and from this

we learn to criticize you know the

content of the writing

whether or not it has basis or it is

purely

hearsay

traditional historians believe this

historical event should be back up with

written documents so yes and all so an

event that lacks existing materials

cannot be proven as a historical factor

but

considering only the written texts

discriminating

okay against the social classes

that may not be able to record their own

experiences

and because of this enormous happening

at an american

loophole mention

inconsistencies you know

that is why historians started to

consider other forms of historical

sources

that is now acceptable as part of

history as part of the evidence

okay and historians can write history

through historical threads of

evidence

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and of course they are responsible for

the analysis interpretations and

organizations of

facts

however by the natives have been

historians

they are being influenced at all by the

environment

predating education

and of course other circumstances

s

and this

subjectivity

poses an issue on the validity of claims

towards historical

facts and okay uh the reason why

historians know they employ a method

to ensure that the historians

biases

do not

blind

his judgment you know so historians need

to detox

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history in relation to other disciplines

so the first one we have archaeology

a study that raises relevant events to

pieces of

evidence okay so as what you can see on

the picture

selena group rise and and that is what

archaeology is all about you know it is

the study of human history through

excavation of sites and the analysis

of artifacts and of course other

physical remains

so artifacts are not these are the

objects made by human beings

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okay so next night in linguistics

evolution of languages through

history so marriage and evolution so

compassionate develop

for quite young linguistics

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sociology

as the study of society and

culture okay

so the study of the development

the structure

of function of the human society

including of course

as part of the study of sociology

next discipline is

psychology

psychology and history both study

the human condition right okay so the

topic

human mind you know including its

functions

especially

behavioral

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it can be also a group of

people

next night and of course biology and not

focus on the building of links among

organisms and their

environment

and

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letter f biochemistry relates quickly to

the understanding of the whole organism

as well as understanding society so this

is the branch of science you know that

is concerned with the chemical

physiochemical processes

and the substances that occur within

the living organism

lesson number two distinction of primary

choices and secondary resources and of

course external and internal criticism

primary sources or sources produced

while the past event was happening

usually by actors of history themselves

such as government institutions or

revolutionary leaders

okay so example

non-primary sources particularly

documents

memorabilia

including government records of course

you know

sensors

pictures

diaries

autobiography

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so

these are all considered as primary

sources

so secondary sources are sources

produced by someone who has used a

primary source as the subject of

the material

okay so example nothing on a secondary

sources

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you newspaper

articles

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these are only considered as secondary

sources

so next nut and are you including

systems and also we have internal and

external criticism so let's start with

external criticism so it is the process

of verifying historical evidence through

its physical characteristics and

analyzing its material consistency

with the period it was produced so when

we speak of criticism it is the

expression or our expression of

disapproval

of something or someone yeah okay so

in external criticism

this includes the analysis of the

language use

and of course the physical

characteristics

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so it is only

superficial

the next one internal criticism

is the examination of the content of the

material including its truthfulness

okay so this includes you know your

analysis

and

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okay

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the reason for which something is done

okay okay

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so

lesson number 39 repositories are

primary sources and different kinds of

primary sources

okay

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certificate

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and of course to keep the information

safe and also that i am nothing

my information

is

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national archives of

the philippines so it is in charge of

preserving and promoting flipping

cultural heritage and national identity

also stores and manages archival

documents that attest to the history of

the nation and it is located at united

nations avenue manila okay and when we

speak of

the documents that attest to the history

if it's ability it provides us a clear

evidence a lot to

the history

okay so

international archives you cannot go on

it or senior security documents

national archives are the philippines

so next repository is national library

of the philippines so we are all

familiar with

the wood library and over

in we can see collection of books and

other periodicals you know including

films and other materials that can be

stored in the library okay so

what is the very function of the

national library so it is simply to

collect

and to preserve documents of national

interest and importance

another one is the national historical

commission of

the philippines and also it is the

government agency that promotes

philippine history

and cultural heritage through

research dissemination conservation

site management and heraldry

works so what is the function of a

national historical commission of the

philippines so

it simply promotes the philippine

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national historical commission of the

philippines

and our last repository we have the

national museum of

the philippines you know so

national museum of the philippines

acquires and documents historical

and cultural artifacts such as

archaeological specimens

and canonical works of art not only for

preservation but also for

education on national

identity so you're not so preservation

and of course young education

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history

national museum of anthropology

national museum of natural history and

national

planetariums

it's a national museum complex

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you know

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and of course they are the one who also

exhibits you know

and

the other one is

not proper mode for

educational

purposes

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okay so

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the meaning of history the sources of

historical data and historical criticism

so thank you for watching