D-17_Linguagem e Dialogismo

UNIVESP

11 Mar 201613:07

Summary

TLDRThis script delves into the concept of language as a dynamic and interactive system, emphasizing its role in reflecting and shaping human thought and reality. It highlights three main perspectives: language as a mirror of the world, a code independent of the individual, and a dialogical tool intrinsically linked to social interaction. The script discusses the importance of context, personal expression, and the interplay of discourses in creating meaning, drawing on the theories of linguists like Mikhail Bakhtin, who views language as a living product of social interaction and dialogue.

Takeaways

🗣️ Language is not just a reflection of reality but is always tied to a specific time, space, and the speaker's position in the world.
🌐 Even when alone, the individual is still part of a communicative game, indicating that language is inherently social.
📚 Linguist Elizabeth Bri discusses language as a mirror of the world, emphasizing the role of language in representing and reflecting thought and knowledge of the world.
👥 Language is not just the 'language' (linguistic system) but also the 'speech' (individual expression), which is influenced by the speaker's environment and personal characteristics.
🎨 Language is expressed through various forms and supports, such as words in verbal language, colors and strokes in painting, and musical notes in music.
🤝 The dialogic nature of language is a key feature, where every statement is inherently dialogic, influenced by the words of others and part of a larger conversation.
🌟 Russian philosopher and linguist Mikhail Bakhtin is highlighted for his emphasis on language as a product of social interaction, shaped by material and historical conditions.
🔄 Bakhtin's concept of 'dialogism' suggests that all utterances are dialogic, containing an internal dialogue with the words of others, and are part of an ongoing interaction.
📚 The idea of 'heteroglossia' is introduced, referring to the diversity of languages and speech types within a society, which are interwoven in the production of meaning.
📖 The script discusses how the perception of language as dialogue can aid educators in creating activities for the classroom, such as literary analysis.
📝 The example of 'Drummondiana' by Alice Ruiz is used to illustrate how poetry can engage in dialogue with past works, inviting readers to participate in the ongoing conversation.

Q & A

What is the main idea discussed by Elizabeth Brait about language in the script?
-Elizabeth Brait discusses the idea that language is not just a reflection of the world but is also constituted by a subject and is always linked to time and space. It is used by a subject in a specific historical moment and situation, taking into account their interlocutors.
How does the script describe the role of language in communication and expression?
-The script describes language as a means of communication and expression that is not just about the words spoken but also includes non-verbal cues such as gestures and clothing, which all contribute to the production of meaning.
What is the significance of the concept of 'dialogism' in the script?
-Dialogism is significant in the script as it represents the idea that language is inherently interactive and dialogic. Every utterance is dialogic, containing an internal dialogue with the words of others, and is part of a living interaction between discourses.
Who is M.M. Bakhtin and what is his contribution to the understanding of language as presented in the script?
-M.M. Bakhtin is a Russian philosopher and linguist known for his emphasis on language as a product of social interaction. He describes language as dialogic, meaning that every utterance is in dialogue with others, and no discourse can be isolated.
How does the script connect the concept of language to the individual's environment and personal characteristics?
-The script connects language to the individual's environment and personal characteristics by stating that language is not just the words used but also includes the individual's appearance, age, and the way they use language, which all contribute to their position in the world.
What is the role of 'otherness' in language according to the script?
-According to the script, 'otherness' is a constitutive part of language, marking the presence of the 'other' in every utterance. It is more than a personal relationship; it is a relationship of discourses that interweave to produce meaning.
How does the script discuss the relationship between language and ideology?
-The script discusses the relationship between language and ideology by stating that the discourses that constitute an individual, including religious, political, and everyday discourses, are interwoven to produce meaning and are influenced by the individual's beliefs and values.
What is the significance of the script's discussion on the interaction between texts?
-The script highlights the significance of the interaction between texts by emphasizing the idea of dialogism, where texts recover past conversations and anticipate future ones, creating a dynamic and ongoing dialogue.
How does the script use the example of poetry to illustrate the concept of dialogism?
-The script uses the example of poetry by comparing two poems, one by Carlos Drummond de Andrade and another by Alice Ruiz, to show how dialogism allows for a conversation between texts and across time, encouraging readers to engage and create their own interpretations.
What is the educational application of the script's discussion on dialogism and language?
-The script suggests that understanding language as dialogic can help educators create activities that promote interaction and critical thinking, such as literary analysis, where students can engage in dialogue with texts and each other.
How does the script relate the concept of language to the idea of subjectivity?
-The script relates language to subjectivity by explaining that language is not just a tool for communication but is also a reflection of the subject's position and interaction with the world, taking into account their personal history and environment.

Outlines

00:00

🗣️ Language as a Reflection of Reality and Subjectivity

The first paragraph discusses the concept of language as both a reflection of reality and a tool shaped by the individual's historical and spatial context. It emphasizes that language is not merely a static system but an active process involving the subject's interaction with the world. The linguist Elizabeth Bri is mentioned, who speaks about language as a mirror of the world, one of three definitions presented by Professor Odilon Curado from UNESP de Assis. The paragraph also touches on the idea that language is not just a set of words but includes non-verbal cues such as clothing and gestures, which all contribute to communication and expression. It highlights the importance of considering the subjectivity of the speaker and the interlocutor in the language's meaning-making process.

05:02

🌐 Language as a System and the Concept of Dialogism

The second paragraph delves into the modern linguistic view that sees language as a code independent of the individual, focusing on its structural and systematic nature. It discusses the dialogic nature of language, as described by the linguist José Luís Fiori, where every utterance contains an internal dialogue and is inherently influenced by the words of others. The paragraph introduces the concept of dialogism, as developed by the philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin, who saw language as a living product of social interaction and historical conditions. Bakhtin's emphasis on the dialogic quality of language is highlighted, suggesting that all discourse is interwoven with the discourse of others, creating a dynamic and tense relationship between different viewpoints and ideologies.

10:04

📚 The Dialogic Nature of Literature and Education

The third paragraph explores the application of dialogism in literature and education. It uses the example of a poem by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, 'E agora, José', and its reinterpretation by Alice Ruiz, 'Drummondiana', to illustrate how literature can engage in a dialogue across time. The paragraph discusses how the reinterpretation of Drummond's poem by Ruiz creates a new dialogue, shifting the focus from José to Maria, and how this can encourage readers to engage with the text and create their own interpretations. The educational potential of dialogism is also mentioned, suggesting that understanding language as a dialogue can help teachers create activities that foster critical thinking and literary analysis in the classroom.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Mimetic Language

Mimetic language refers to the idea that language is a reflection or imitation of reality. In the script, it is mentioned that language is not just a passive reflection but is actively linked to the speaker's position in the world and their historical and spatial context. The concept is used to discuss how language is not a mere representation but is inherently tied to the subjectivity of the speaker.

💡Subjectivity

Subjectivity in the script is highlighted as an integral part of language, emphasizing that it is not just the language itself but the individual's perspective and context that shapes communication. This is exemplified by the speaker's statement about being 'greater than the two' and the idea that even when one is alone, they are still part of a linguistic game.

💡Linguistic Code

The term 'linguistic code' is used to describe language as a system of rules and structures, independent of the individual. The script references modern linguistic studies that view language as a code, which includes syntax, morphology, and textual organization, and is a key concept in understanding the structuralist approach to language.

💡Dialogism

Dialogism is a central concept in the script, attributed to the work of Mikhail Bakhtin. It posits that language is inherently dialogic, meaning that every utterance is in dialogue with others, reflecting an internal dialogue within the word itself. This concept is crucial in understanding the interactive nature of language and its role in social interaction.

💡Utterance

An utterance, as discussed in the script, is a unit of speech that carries meaning. It is described as being dialogic, meaning it is always in conversation with other utterances, reflecting the influence of other voices and discourses on an individual's speech.

💡Discourse

Discourse in the script is not just spoken language but also includes written texts, ideologies, and beliefs that shape an individual's speech. It is used to illustrate how language is a product of social interaction and historical conditions, and how it is interwoven with other discourses to produce meaning.

💡Interlocutor

The term 'interlocutor' is used to describe the person or entity with whom one is communicating. In the script, it is mentioned that even when one is alone, they are still in a dialogue with themselves, indicating the interactive nature of language and thought.

💡Language as a Mirror

This concept, mentioned in the script, suggests that language reflects the world. It is one of the three definitions of language presented in the text, emphasizing the representative function of language in expressing one's thoughts and knowledge of the world.

💡Linguistic Structure

Linguistic structure refers to the organized system of language, including its grammatical rules and patterns. The script discusses how language can be described at different levels, such as phonology, syntax, and semantics, which are crucial for understanding how language functions as a system.

💡Expressivity

Expressivity is the ability of language to convey emotions, thoughts, and attitudes. The script touches on this by discussing how language is not just about communication but also about expression, highlighting the importance of language in conveying one's position in the world.

💡Semiotics

Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation. In the context of the script, semiotics is related to the discussion of language as a system of signs, such as words and their sounds in verbal language, or colors and lines in visual arts, which are used to create meaning.

Highlights

Language is always linked to time and space, reflecting the speaker's position in the world.

Elizabeth Bri is discussing language as a mirror of the world, emphasizing its representational function.

Language is not just a tool for communication but also a way to express one's thoughts and knowledge of the world.

The concept of language as a reflection of the world should be considered with the understanding that language is constituted by a subject.

Non-verbal cues such as clothing and gestures are part of the language, contributing to the production of meaning.

Language is a system with rules and structures, including verbal signs like words and their syntactic, morphological, and textual organization.

In painting and music, language is also present in the form of colors, strokes, and the arrangement within a support like a canvas.

Language is inherently dialogical, with every statement containing an internal dialogue influenced by the words of others.

Mikhail Bakhtin's theory emphasizes the dialogical nature of language as a product of social interaction and historical conditions.

Bakhtin describes language as being 'occupied' by the discourse of others, reflecting a natural orientation towards dialogue.

The concept of 'heteroglossia' highlights the multiplicity of languages and discourses that interact within a single utterance.

Language is not only personal but also a relationship of discourses, reflecting ideologies, beliefs, and generational values.

The dialogical nature of language is evident in the tension between the speaker's intentions and the influence of others' discourses.

Maria Inês Campos suggests that understanding language as dialogue can help educators create activities for classroom interaction.

The example of Carlos Drummond de Andrade's poem 'E agora José' illustrates the potential for dialogue within literary texts.

Alice Ruiz's poem 'Drummondana' demonstrates how a dialogue with a past text can be updated and given new meaning.

The importance of dialogism in literature is to encourage readers to engage in a dialogue with texts, becoming active participants in meaning-making.