PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A CELL SCIENCE 7 QUARTER 2 MODULE 3
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the fundamental unit of life: the cell. It explains the cell's basic components, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, and their roles. The video distinguishes between animal and plant cells, highlighting organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, and the Golgi apparatus. It also touches on unique plant structures such as chloroplasts and cell walls, emphasizing their functions in processes like photosynthesis and cellular support.
Takeaways
- πΏ Cells are the simplest and smallest living units of all organisms, capable of performing life activities such as growth, reproduction, and nutrition.
- π¬ Unicellular organisms, like bacteria, amoeba, and paramecia, consist of a single cell, while multicellular organisms, such as humans, plants, and animals, are made up of many cells.
- π¬ Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells using a microscope, coining the term 'cell' after observing the structure of cork.
- π‘οΈ The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, acts as a protective barrier controlling the entry and exit of substances and shielding the cell from the environment.
- 𧬠The nucleus contains DNA, the hereditary material, and is often referred to as the 'brain' of the cell, directing all internal activities.
- π― The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance within the cell that contains organelles, which are specialized structures performing specific functions.
- ποΈββοΈ Mitochondria are the 'powerhouses' of the cell, releasing energy through cellular respiration and producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
- π Ribosomes are the 'protein factories', synthesizing proteins according to instructions from the nucleus.
- π¦ The Golgi apparatus is involved in the modification, packaging, and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.
- ποΈ Lysosomes are the 'suicide bags' of the cell, digesting and breaking down waste and unneeded materials.
- π± Plant cells have unique structures like chloroplasts, which capture sunlight for photosynthesis, and cell walls made of cellulose for protection and support.
Q & A
What is the most fundamental level of biological organization?
-The most fundamental level of biological organization is the cell, which is the basic unit of life capable of performing all life activities.
What are the two types of cells that the video discusses?
-The video discusses two types of cells: animal cells and plant cells.
What are the three basic parts shared by all cells, regardless of the organism?
-All cells, whether animal, plant, or other organisms like bacteria, share three basic parts: the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
-The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, serves as the outer covering of the cell, controlling the entry and exit of substances and protecting the cell from the external environment.
Why is the nucleus considered the 'brain' of the cell?
-The nucleus is considered the 'brain' of the cell because it contains DNA, the hereditary material, and controls all the activities occurring inside the cell.
What is the role of the cytoplasm in a cell?
-The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell that contains organelles, which are specialized parts of the cell that carry out specific functions.
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
-Mitochondria act as the powerhouse of the cell, releasing energy needed for cell activities through a process called cellular respiration, which produces ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
-Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell, carrying out the instructions coming from the nucleus to synthesize proteins.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
-The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to their target destinations within the cell.
What is the main function of vacuoles in a cell?
-Vacuoles serve as the storage rooms of the cell, storing substances such as food, water, and even waste.
What is unique about chloroplasts found in plant cells?
-Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis, the process through which plants produce their own food using sunlight.
What is the purpose of the cell wall in plant cells?
-The cell wall, made of cellulose in most plant cells, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea, provides protection, support, and shape to the cell.
Outlines
πΏ Introduction to Cells: The Basic Units of Life
This paragraph introduces the concept of biological organization, emphasizing the cell as the simplest and most fundamental level. It explains that all living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units capable of life processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrition. The paragraph distinguishes between unicellular organisms like bacteria and amoeba, which consist of a single cell, and multicellular organisms like humans and plants. It also mentions the importance of the microscope in studying cells and credits Robert Hooke for first describing them. The cell's basic partsβcell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasmβare introduced, along with their functions. The cell membrane's role in controlling substance transport and protecting the cell is highlighted, while the nucleus is identified as the 'brain' of the cell, containing DNA. The cytoplasm is described as the site of organelles, which are specialized parts with specific functions.
π¬ Exploring Cell Organelles and Their Functions
This paragraph delves into the various organelles found within cells and their specific functions. It begins with mitochondria, described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell, which produces ATP through cellular respiration. Ribosomes are next, characterized as the 'protein factories,' responsible for synthesizing proteins based on instructions from the nucleus. The nucleolus is mentioned as the site of ribosome production within the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum is divided into two types: the rough, involved in protein production, and the smooth, involved in lipid and carbohydrate synthesis. The Golgi apparatus is highlighted as the 'post office' of the cell, modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins and lipids. Vacuoles are described as storage compartments, while lysosomes act as waste disposal systems. Centrioles are noted for their role in cell division, a process crucial for growth and maintenance. The paragraph also differentiates between plant and animal cells, mentioning chloroplasts as the site of photosynthesis in plants and the cell wall's role in protection and support. The summary concludes with an invitation to learn more about the differences between plant and animal cells in the next video and encourages viewers to test their understanding through an activity.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Biological Organization
π‘Cell
π‘Unicellular
π‘Multicellular
π‘Microscope
π‘Cell Membrane
π‘Nucleus
π‘Cytoplasm
π‘Organelles
π‘Mitochondrion
π‘Ribosomes
π‘Golgi Apparatus
π‘Vacuoles
π‘Lysosomes
π‘Centrioles
π‘Chloroplasts
π‘Cell Wall
Highlights
Living things are highly organized and structured at various levels of biological organization.
The simplest level of biological organization is the cell, the basic unit of life.
Cells perform all activities associated with life, such as growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition.
Unicellular organisms like bacteria, amoeba, and paramecium consist of a single cell.
Multicellular organisms, such as humans, plants, and animals, are made up of more than one cell.
Cells are too small to be seen by the naked eye and require a microscope for detailed study.
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells using a microscope, coining the term 'cells' after the small rooms in a monastery.
All cells share three basic parts: the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
The cell membrane controls the entry and exit of substances and protects the cell from the environment.
The nucleus contains DNA, the hereditary material, and is considered the 'brain' of the cell.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance containing organelles that perform specific functions.
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, releasing energy through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell, synthesizing proteins based on instructions from the nucleus.
The nucleolus is where ribosomes are produced in the nucleus.
Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, with 'rough' and 'smooth' types for different functions.
Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids to their target destinations in the cell.
Vacuoles serve as storage rooms for food, water, and waste within the cell.
Lysosomes act as the waste disposal system of the cell, digesting unneeded materials.
Centrioles play a crucial role in cell division, found only in animal cells.
Chloroplasts, unique to plant cells, capture sunlight for photosynthesis and food production.
Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, providing protection, support, and shape.
The video will explore the differences between plant and animal cells in the next episode.
A short activity is provided at the end of the video to test understanding of the lesson on cell parts and functions.
Transcripts
in our last video we learned that living
things are highly organized and
structured we talk about the different
levels of biological organization
if you haven't still watched our video
about the different levels of biological
organization
you may pause this video to watch it the
link is posted on the description box
in this video we are going to study in
detail the simplest level
on the levels of biological organization
which is the cell we are going to learn
as different parts and their functions
are you ready to learn let's go
ah amazing it is herba smell service
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force motion and energy at earthen space
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by the way
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all living things on earth big or small
are made up of cells cells are the
smallest living part of an organism
it is the basic unit of life that can
perform
all activities associated with life like
growth
reproduction excretion and nutrition
every living thing is made up of one or
more cells
if a living thing is made up of one cell
they are called
unicellular examples of unicellular
organisms are bacteria
amoeba and para misun on the other hand
if they are made up of more than one
cells
they are called multicellular examples
are humans
plants and animals cells are too small
to be seen by the naked eye
but thanks to the invention of a
microscope scientists were now able to
study it in detail
the first person to describe cells using
a microscope was robert hook
when he examined a very thin slice of
cork
he notices structures that look like
small
empty rooms it reminded him of small
rooms
found in a monastery thus he named this
structure cells wherein cell is from the
word cellular which means
small rooms let us now explore the
different
parts of a cell the two type of cells
that you are going to encounter in this
video are animal and plant cells
whether animal or plant cells and even
other organisms like bacteria
share three basic parts these are cell
membrane
nucleus and the cytoplasm cell membrane
is also known as plasma membrane it is
the outer covering of the cell which
covers the surface
of the cell it is like a security guard
that controls the kind of substance
that enters and exists the cells it also
protects the cell from the outside
environment
without the plasma membrane any
substance can go
in and out the cell the cell may be
affected by the exceed of needed
substances
or entrance of unneeded or poisonous
substances
that may lead to the death of the cell
the next
part is the nucleus the nucleus is the
most noticeable part of the cell
it appears circular or oval in shape
it contains the deoxyribonucleic acid
or dna which is the hereditary material
that carries genetic material
in all living things it is called as the
brain of the cell
because it controls all the activities
occurring
inside the cell the cytoplasm is the
jelly-like substance that can be found
inside the cell it contains the
organelles of the cells that are
outside of the nucleus organelles
are specialized part of the cell they
are like
little organs of the cell each organelle
carries out a specific function inside
the cell
let us now explore the different
organelles that can be found
in the cell as welder function
first we have mitochondrion or
mitochondria
in its pleural form the mitochondrion
acts as the powerhouse of the cell
since it releases the energy needed for
cell activities
they supply energy by undergoing
cellular respiration
cellular respiration is a process that
produces adenosine triphosphate or
atp which is the energy currency
of the cell next we have ribosomes
ribosomes are the protein factories of
the cells
they are the tiny dust that can be seen
in the cell
they carry out the instructions coming
from the nucleus
to synthesize proteins next we have
nucleolus
nucleolus is the prominent round
structure in the nucleus
it is where ribosomes are produced
endoplasmic reticulum
there are two types of endoplasmic
reticulum
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the
rough endoplasmic reticulum
the rough endoplasmic reticulum is
called rough endoplasmic reticulum
because it appears rough because of the
presence of ribosomes
the rough endoplasmic reticulum is
involved in the production of various
proteins in the cell
antibodies insulin as well as
transportation of proteins into the
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
on the other hand the smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
appears to be smooth because its surface
does not contain ribosomes
it is involved in the synthesis of
lipids and carbohydrates
that are used to build the cell membrane
next we have golgi bodies or apparatus
the proteins manufactured in the
endoplasmic reticulum
is transported to the golgi apparatus
the golgi apparatus is called the male
man of the cell
because it is responsible for
transporting
modifying and packaging proteins and
lipids
into vesicles for delivery to target a
destination
in the cells where they are needed the
next organelle
are vacuoles vacuoles are coined as the
storage rooms of the cell
vacuoles are membrane bound structure
which main function
is for storage such as food water and
even waste
lysosomes lysosomes are known as the
suicide bags of the cell
lysosomes act as the waste disposal
system
of the cell by digesting or breaking
down the trash
or unneeded materials in the cytoplasm
next are centrioles
centrioles are cylindrical structures
which play an important role in cell
division
these structures can only be found on
animal cell
cell division is important in animal
cells
because it enables the organisms to
produce new cells
needed for the production of new
organisms
growth and maintenance the next
structures are parts that can only be
found
in plant cells first is chloroplasts
chloroplasts contain the pigment
chlorophyll that captures energy from
sunlight for photosynthesis
therefore the chloroplast is the site of
photosynthesis
it is the process through which plants
produce their own food
animal cells has no chloroplasts thus
animals cannot make their own food the
second
is cell wall cell wall is the outer
covering positioned next to the cell
membrane
in most plant cells fungi bacteria
algae and some archaea plants have cell
walls made of cellulose that protect
support and give them shape and those
are the different parts of a cell
and their functions in summary the cell
is the basic unit of life
it is made of different organelles that
function together
to perform a specific function in our
next video
we are going to learn the difference
between a plant and animal cell
let us have another look on the
different parts of a cell is
specifically
plants and animals
test your understanding of our lesson
please answer this short activity
you can check your answers at the end of
this video
do not forget to comment on your scores
with the hashtag
amazing see you on our next science
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lesson
you
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