Fix your Z axis with Oldham couplings, dual z screws & thrust bearings!

BluemonxterDIY
23 Dec 202211:28

Summary

TLDRこのビデオでは、Ender 3のZ軸を完全に再構築し、象の足、Zバンディング、不規則な最初の層などの一般的な問題を解決する方法を紹介します。ダイヤルゲージを使用して、元の状態と改造後のZ軸を比較し、定量的な結果を示します。具体的には、ガントリーの片側のサポート不足、リードスクリューの固定方法、Z軸モーターの取り付け方が原因で発生する問題に焦点を当て、BLVキットの微調整、AliExpressからのZ軸剛性キットの使用、二重Zキットの応用を通じて、これらの問題を一掃します。しかし、新しいステッパードライバーの誤接続によるトラブルに遭遇し、次回のビデオで修正後のプリンターのテスト結果を共有する予定です。

Takeaways

  • 👣 The Ender 3 has several issues with its z-axis that lead to inconsistent layer heights
  • 🔧 Using a dial gauge reveals significant inaccuracies in z-axis movements
  • 📏 The unsupported side of the gantry has much more inconsistent z-axis movement
  • ⚙️ A rigid z-axis kit helps square and reinforce the vertical rails
  • 🛠 Dual z-axis kits can help align the lead screws and reduce binding
  • 🧰 Special couplings allow lead screw misalignment without affecting prints
  • 🆕 A thrust bearing handles the gantry weight instead of the stepper motor
  • 🚧 Swapped stepper motor wires caused driver failures requiring board replacement
  • ♻️ Larger z-axis pulleys provide better resolution but required longer belt
  • 👀 Further testing coming after replacement mainboard delivery

Q & A

  • Ender 3のZ軸を再構築する目的は何ですか?

    -Z軸の問題、特に象の足、Zバンディング、一貫性のない最初の層などを解決するためです。

  • Ender 3の元の状態における主な問題点は何ですか?

    -ガントリーの片側にサポートがないこと、リードスクリューとガントリーの不適切なアライメント、Z軸モーターへの過剰な軸負荷です。

  • Z軸の問題を解決するためにダイヤルゲージを使用する理由は何ですか?

    -元の状態と改造後の状態を比較して、定量的な結果を示すためです。

  • BLVキットで遭遇した小さな問題とは何ですか?

    -ナットスロット間の間隔が非常に狭かったため、Dremelを使用して調整する必要がありました。

  • Z軸剛性キットを使用する主な目的は何ですか?

    -Z軸を正方形に引っ張り、固定して将来的に動かないようにするためです。

  • デュアルZキットを使用する利点は何ですか?

    -Z軸のアライメントを向上させ、軸の負荷を分散させることで、印刷品質を向上させます。

  • オールドハムカップリングの使用目的は何ですか?

    -スクリューとナットのわずかな不整合を吸収し、印刷に伝達されるウォブルを最小限に抑えるためです。

  • Z軸モーターの問題を解決するために設計された装置とは何ですか?

    -モーターをリードスクリューの上に固定し、ベルト駆動を使用することで、内部のばねワッシャーによる問題とアライメントの問題を解決する装置です。

  • なぜZ軸のステッパードライバーが焼損したのですか?

    -新しいケーブルをプラグアンドプレイと仮定し、中間の二つのケーブルが入れ替わっていることに気づかずに接続したためです。

  • 改造後のEnder 3をテストできなかったのはなぜですか?

    -Z軸ステッパードライバーが焼損し、交換用のボードが届くまで時間がかかるため、テストを実施できませんでした。

Outlines

00:00

🛠 Ender 3のZ軸問題とその解決策

このビデオでは、Ender 3のZ軸に関する一般的な問題、特に象の足、Zバンディング、そして最初の層の不一致などに焦点を当てています。原因として、ガントリーの片側のサポート不足、リードスクリューの不適切な取り付け、モーターへの過剰な軸負荷、そして柔軟または硬直な結合の使用が挙げられます。これらの問題は、印刷品質に影響を及ぼし、特にZ軸の精度に悪影響を与えます。対策として、ダイアルゲージを用いたオリジナルと改造後のZ軸の比較により、問題の解決と改善が可能であることを示しています。

05:03

🔧 Z軸改良キットの取り付け

この段階では、Z軸の剛性キットの取り付けに焦点を当て、AliExpressから購入したキットを使用してZ軸を正方形に整え、将来的に動かないように固定します。さらに、デュアルZキットの利用、軸受けブロックの取り付け、そしてリードスクリューの適切な配置により、Z軸の精度と整合性を向上させる方法を説明します。加えて、旧式のカップリングを利用してZ軸の究極のビルドを目指し、プリントの精度を向上させるための詳細な手順を提供しています。

10:04

⚠️ ケーブル接続の失敗とその対応策

Ender 3のステッパーモーターケーブルの誤接続により、Z軸とX軸のステッパードライバーが焼損してしまいました。この問題は、新しいケーブルがプラグアンドプレイ対応であると誤って仮定したことに起因します。ケーブルの修正は単純で、中間の二本のケーブルを交換するだけですが、ステッパードライバーは基板に直接はんだ付けされているため交換ができません。結果として、新しい基板を注文する必要があり、それが届くまでプリンターのテストを続行できなくなりました。次のビデオでは、改造されたプリンターのテストを続け、修正前後の結果を共有する予定です。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡エンダー3

エンダー3は、手頃な価格で高品質なプリントを提供する3Dプリンターの一種です。このビデオでは、エンダー3のZ軸に関する問題を修正する過程を詳細に説明しています。Z軸の問題は、プリントの品質に直接影響を与えるため、この改修はプリントの精度を向上させる重要なステップです。

💡Zバンディング

Zバンディングは、3Dプリンターのプリントに見られる層の不均一な線のことで、Z軸の動きが不均一であることにより発生します。このビデオでは、Zバンディングを解消するために、Z軸を完全に再構築する方法を説明しています。Zバンディングの除去は、プリントの外観と精度を大幅に改善します。

💡ダイヤルゲージ

ダイヤルゲージは、非常に小さな距離を正確に測定するための器具です。このビデオでは、ダイヤルゲージを使用して、エンダー3のZ軸の改修前後の違いを定量的に示しています。ダイヤルゲージによる測定は、改修が成功したことを証明する重要な手段です。

💡リードスクリュー

リードスクリューは、3DプリンターのZ軸を動かすためのねじです。このビデオでは、リードスクリューの不適切な取り付けや軽微な曲がりがZ軸の問題の原因となっていることを指摘しています。リードスクリューの適切な調整と取り付けは、Zバンディングの除去に不可欠です。

💡ステッパーモーター

ステッパーモーターは、3Dプリンターの各軸を正確に制御するために使用されるモーターです。ビデオでは、Z軸のステッパーモーターが軸方向の荷重に適していないこと、及びその問題を解決するための改修について説明しています。ステッパーモーターの適切な取り扱いは、プリントの一貫性と精度を保証します。

💡フレキシブルカップリング

フレキシブルカップリングは、軽微なミスアラインメントを補正するためにリードスクリューとステッパーモーターの間に取り付けられる部品です。このビデオでは、フレキシブルカップリングがZ軸の一貫性にどのように影響を与えるか、及びそれを改善する方法について説明しています。適切なカップリングの選択は、高品質なプリントを実現するために重要です。

💡オールドハムカップリング

オールドハムカップリングは、X軸とY軸のミスアラインメントを許容しながら、Z軸の動きを伝達するための特殊なカップリングです。ビデオでは、オールドハムカップリングを使用してZ軸の問題を解決する方法を説明しています。このカップリングを使用することで、リードスクリューのわずかな曲がりやミスアラインメントがプリントに影響を与えるのを防ぎます。

💡スラストベアリング

スラストベアリングは、軸方向の荷重を支えるために使用されるベアリングの一種です。ビデオでは、スラストベアリングを使用して、Z軸のリードスクリューが適切に支えられ、軸方向の荷重による問題が解消される方法を説明しています。スラストベアリングの適切な使用は、Z軸の安定性と精度を向上させます。

💡プリロード

プリロードは、部品間に事前に適用される力で、部品の動きやひずみを制御するために使用されます。ビデオでは、Z軸の改修において、オールドハムカップリングにプリロードを適用して、動きの精度を向上させる方法を説明しています。プリロードの適切な適用は、プリントの品質を向上させるために重要です。

Highlights

The Ender 3 has several issues with its z-axis that contribute to problems like elephant's foot and z-banding.

Using a dial gauge reveals significant inconsistency in z-axis movements, especially on the unsupported side.

A rigid z-axis kit helps square and reinforce the vertical frame.

Dual z-axis kits can improve alignment, but thrust bearings are needed to handle axial loads.

Flexible couplings allow for minor misalignments between screw and nut while restricting play.

Hanging the gantry from the couplings applies beneficial preload.

Transcripts

play00:00

have you tried everything but can't get

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rid of elephant's foot

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are your prince plagued with z-banding

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is your first layer inconsistent

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these problems plague many of us with

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enter three style machines

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but fear not

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in this video I completely rebuild the

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z-axis of my Ender 3 and solve all these

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problems

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by using a dial gauge and comparing the

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original with the modified I will show

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you quantifiable results and fix the

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z-axis once and for all

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so stick around to find out more

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[Music]

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before we begin consider subscribing to

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the channel and leave a like if you

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learned something new

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let's start by taking a look at the

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Ender 3 in its original condition and

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try to understand what we are trying to

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fix

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the obvious is the lack of support on

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one side of the Gantry because there is

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only one lead screw this results in two

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main problems

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first the Gantry will sag on the

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unsupported side and you will need to

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compensate for this by leveling the bed

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second is more Troublesome and not so

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easy to fix

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if you have any tight spots be it due to

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the condition of the rollers or the

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extrusions the layer height will be

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inconsistent and this will result in the

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dreaded Z banding

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the next set of problems is a result of

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the way the lead screw is fixed to the

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gantry

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for some printers the aluminum plate

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that holds the nut Is Not Bent properly

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so the lead screw is not aligned and in

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some cases the lead screw itself is

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slightly bent so again some misalignment

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is present this causes the lead screw to

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bind and wobble this in turn transfers

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the wobble pattern onto the print

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finally the last set of problems are

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related to the way the z-axis motor is

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mounted the entire weight of the Gantry

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rests on the stepper motor and when

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moving the Gantry up the lead screw

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pushes down on the stepper motor

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these motors are not designed to take

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axial loads meaning parallel to the

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shaft there is a spring washer inside

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the stepper that will compress if any

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downward force is applied to it not only

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is this additional stress pad for the

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motor because of the inconsistent

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compression of the spring the layer

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height will again be inconsistent

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further contributing to z-banding

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artifacts

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finally the coupling for the lead screw

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if you are using a flexible coupling to

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correct the misalignment the springy

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nature of the coupling will affect the

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layer height consistency and if you are

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using a rigid type coupling the motor

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and Lead screw will bind even if there

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is a slight alignment problem

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a combination of all these factors

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results in what I am going to show next

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I am going to bolt the dial gauge

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directly to the x-axis Extrusion this

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ensures the dial gauge connection is

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rigid and we get maximum accuracy

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so let's take a look at the original end

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of three without any modifications to

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the z-axis I am going to start by moving

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the z-axis down to zero position to

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simulate the condition the printer will

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be in after homing

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then I will move the z-axis up in 0.1

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millimeter increments but the actual

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movement is half of what it is supposed

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to be and this only improves slowly

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even at a height of five millimeters we

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are still not getting perfect 0.1

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movements this is why it can be very

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difficult to get rid of elephant's foot

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then I will bring down the z-axis again

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and this time move it up in one

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millimeter increments in the first

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millimeter you can see we are off our

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Target but more than 0.3 and in the

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second millimeter by 0.2 in simple words

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if your layer height is 0.2 you have

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squished more than two whole layers in

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the first two millimeters only then does

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it start getting better but still not

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perfect

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what we have seen is the result on the

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supported side next I will shift the

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dial gauge to the unsupported side and

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here things are much worse

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again I will start by moving the z-axis

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down then move up in 0.1 millimeter

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increments and the result is far from

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what it should be

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and looking at one millimeter increments

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we can see that on this side we are

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missing almost 0.8 from the two

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millimeters

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that's almost 50 percent

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so it's safe to conclude that while both

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sides are inconsistent the unsupported

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side is much more so and it's lagging

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behind the supported side

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moving on here we can see how flimsy the

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2040 y-axis Extrusion is and how much

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deflection I can achieve with my hand

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and here I am pushing on the z-axis

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pillars with my hand

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so let's start fixing these problems

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I had a small problem with my blv kit

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the spacing between the nut slots was

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very tight so I had to get out my trusty

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old Dremel

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I will use one of these engraving bits

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that I got from banggood

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I used an A4 paper to protect the rails

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from the metal shavings but it would be

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much better to do this before assembling

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the printer

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[Music]

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unfortunately the dust got everywhere

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finally it was done

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so now we can move on

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this is the z-axis rigidity kit from

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AliExpress

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I am going to use the rods to pull the

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z-axis into square

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and then lock it in place

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now we have a rigid z-axis that is

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perfectly aligned and it won't shift

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around in the future next I am going to

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make use of this type of dual Z kit

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I am going to start by installing the

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bearing block taking care to keep the

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bearing side on the bottom

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the blocks are 45 millimeters wide so

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they need to be out by 2.5 millimeters

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as designed the pulley is supposed to

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sit directly on the bearing block but

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that's not good it will increase

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friction and wear out the block and

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pulley the entire weight of the Gantry

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will rest on the blocks so I am going to

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put in a Thrust bearing you can use any

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thrust bearing with an eight millimeter

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internal diameter this will take care of

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the axial load and the ball bearing

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inside the bearing block will bear the

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radial loads

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then I am going to use a caliper to

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align the bearing blocks they need to be

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perfectly leveled because even a small

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tilt in the block will make a big

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difference in the lead screw alignment

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over its full length

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after putting in the lead screws it is

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evident that they are not centered this

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is why I went through the trouble of

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grinding down the slots now I can move

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the nut to align it with the screw

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but before fixing the nuts let's take a

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look at these old and couplings and how

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they can help us in building the

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ultimate z-axis

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this coupling allows the nut to move in

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the X and Y plane but restricts any

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movement in the Z this helps us in two

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ways first there will always be some

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misalignment in the screw and nut so the

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coupling will shift the nut into the

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perfect position and second if the screw

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is bent even slightly the coupling will

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absorb the wobble so it does not

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transfer to the print

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however because of the clearances

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required for proper functioning there

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will inevitably be some play in the Z

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Direction and also some rotational

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movement to minimize this effect we need

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to apply some preload to the dovetails

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we can achieve this by hanging the

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Gantry from the coupling as opposed to

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the Gantry resting on the coupling let's

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see how we can achieve that

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I went ahead and fixed the nut to the

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old M coupling so we can install it on

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the printer

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after centering the nut on the lead

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screw we need to fix it with M3 nuts

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then if you have aligned everything

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properly any minor misalignment will be

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absorbed by the old en coupling and the

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lead screw should slide in like a hot

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knife and butter if there is even a

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slight hint of binding then you need to

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go through the alignment steps again

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the same needs to be repeated on the

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other side as well

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we are then presented with our next

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challenge

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when the Gantry is moving up it pulls

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against the bearing block and all is

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good because of our thrust bearing

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however when the Gantry moves down there

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is nothing holding the lead screw in

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place well except gravity

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so there is a high likelihood that the

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leaves crew will occasionally shift up

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and this will affect our accuracy

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so to solve the problem I designed and

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printed this piece I tried to use off

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the shelf metal Parts but space was

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pretty tight on the other side so I had

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to design this instead this piece has a

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ball bearing to take the radio loads and

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I will add in a Thrust bearing for the

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axial loads similar to the design on top

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then I will use this pulley to lock

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everything in place you could use

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something else but this pulley was most

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readily available and the perfect size

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finally to solve all the problems

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related to the motor like the spring

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washer inside and the issues caused by

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the coupling I came up with this

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contraption this allows me to fix the

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motor on top with the lead screws sink

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belt granted the teeth engagement of the

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pulley is not ideal but it works and

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gets the job done I also changed the

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driven pulleys to a bigger size to get a

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better resolution but the belt length

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was not sufficient I had to extend it

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and meanwhile I ordered a new belt 650

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millimeters

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and I use this longer cable to connect

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to the z-axis motor

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turned on the printer

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and move the z-axis

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then disaster stride

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if you look at the original Ender three

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stepper cables you will notice that the

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middle two cables are swapped that would

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be the green and blue in this case

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I assume the new cable was plug and play

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and because of that I burnt the z-axis

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stepper driver as I was not sure what

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had happened I tried using the x-axis

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with the same cable and guess what I

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burnt the x-axis stepper driver as well

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fixing the cable is simple you need to

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remove the green and blue cables which

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can be done with the small flat

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screwdriver and swap their positions the

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board however is a different case

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because the stepper drivers are soldered

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in place they cannot be replaced so I

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had to order a new board

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unfortunately the delivery time is quite

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long I had to cut this video short as I

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am unable to run my printer for further

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testing in the next video I will

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hopefully have received the replacement

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board so I will continue testing the

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modified printer and share the before

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and after results

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thanks for watching and see you in the

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next one

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