Transport Operations Of Dangerous Goods
Summary
TLDRThis script outlines the critical knowledge required for safely handling and storing dangerous goods on ships, emphasizing the importance of segregation to prevent hazards. It covers storage categories, precautions for various classes of dangerous goods, emergency response, and the necessity of special certificates for certain shipments. The guide ensures compliance with the IMDG Code for protecting crew, cargo, and the environment during maritime transport.
Takeaways
- π The chapter aims to provide a working knowledge of storage and handling precautions for dangerous goods during maritime transport.
- π’ Different vessel types, such as cargo ships and passenger ships, have specific handling procedures for packages, vehicles, and containers with dangerous goods.
- π₯ Fire is a major hazard, and understanding how to restrict or prevent it is crucial for the safety of the cargo and the vessel.
- π¦ Segregation is a process to avoid problems between adjacent packages in the event of an emergency, ensuring the safe stowage of dangerous goods.
- π·οΈ There are specific storage categories (A, B, C, D, and II) that dictate where dangerous goods can be stowed on different types of ships.
- π« Certain dangerous substances are prohibited from being transported on passenger ships carrying more than 25 passengers.
- π’οΈ Drums containing dangerous goods must always be stowed upright, unless authorized otherwise by a competent authority.
- π« Storage of certain articles, like class 1 explosives and fiberboard boxes, is restricted to prevent exposure to seawater and damage.
- π‘οΈ Special attention is needed for substances that require protection from radiant heat and large temperature variations.
- π« Dangerous cargo must be stowed away from living quarters, machinery spaces, and other work areas to prevent the risk of hazardous vapors spreading.
- π Special certificates, exemptions, and approvals are sometimes required for the transportation of certain dangerous goods by sea, as detailed in the IMDG Code.
Q & A
What is the primary objective of the chapter discussed in the transcript?
-The primary objective is to secure a limited working knowledge of storage, particular precautions, segregation, cargo transport units on specific vessel types, temperature control, provisions, the transport of wastes, and the understanding of exemptions, approvals, and certificates related to the transportation of dangerous goods by sea.
What is stowage in the context of dangerous goods on a ship?
-Stowage refers to the way that packages and substances are loaded onto a ship, which is crucial to avoid potential problems that adjacent packages can have on each other in case of an emergency.
What is the purpose of segregation in the context of dangerous goods on a ship?
-Segregation is a process to avoid problems that adjacent packages can have on each other in the event of an emergency, by ensuring that incompatible goods are kept separate to prevent hazardous situations.
How are ships categorized for the purpose of making appropriate storage recommendations for dangerous goods?
-Ships are divided into two groups: cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a limited number of passengers (maximum of 25 or calculated as 143 meters of the ship's length), and other passenger ships carrying a larger number of passengers.
What are the storage categories for the stowage of dangerous goods on ships?
-There are four storage categories: Category A for cargo or passenger ships with limited passenger numbers, allowing stowage on deck or under deck; Category B, similar to A but restricts stowage to on deck only for other passenger ships; Category C allows stowage on deck only for cargo or passenger ships; and Category D prohibits stowage for other passenger ships.
Why is it important to stow drums containing dangerous goods in an upright position?
-Drums must be stowed in an upright position to prevent leakage or spillage of their contents, which could lead to hazardous situations, unless otherwise authorized by a competent authority.
What are the considerations for stowing packages that are susceptible to water damage?
-Packages susceptible to water damage should be stowed under deck or, if on deck, be located in a protected area to prevent exposure to seawater and weather conditions.
What are the special storage requirements for radioactive materials?
-Radioactive materials require special storage considerations, including separation from foodstuffs, compliance with the IMDG Code, and adherence to specific categories and transport indexes of the consignments, as well as the need for monitoring during shipment.
What is the procedure for handling exposure to a dangerous substance during an emergency?
-In the event of exposure to a dangerous substance, reference is made to the emergency response procedures for ships carrying dangerous goods contained in the IMDG Code supplement and the vessel's safety training manual. Senior officers will provide instructions, and crew members should follow these carefully.
What precautions should be taken when storing cargo transport units containing flammable gases or liquids with very low flash points?
-Special care should be taken to store such units away from potential sources of ignition, such as heating or cooling equipment on refrigerated or heated cargo transport units, and to ensure proper ventilation to prevent the buildup of dangerous vapors.
How are exemptions, approvals, or permits for the transportation of dangerous goods by sea issued and controlled?
-Exemptions, approvals, or permits are issued and controlled by competent authorities, national government departments responsible for enforcing the IMDG Code, or agencies and organizations delegated to carry out related tasks such as testing of packaging.
Outlines
π³οΈ Overview of Storage and Handling of Dangerous Goods
This paragraph introduces the learning objectives, focusing on the principles of storing and handling dangerous goods on ships. It covers key concepts like stowage, segregation, temperature control, and the specific requirements for different vessel types. The paragraph also explains the categorization of ships for storage purposes, emphasizing the distinction between cargo ships, limited-passenger ships, and other passenger ships. It highlights the importance of preventing the spread of hazards, especially fire, and the need for specialized handling and certification for certain dangerous goods.
π¦ Proper Stowage of Dangerous Goods
This paragraph provides detailed guidelines on the proper stowage of dangerous goods, emphasizing the importance of positioning drums upright unless otherwise authorized. It discusses underdeck storage, particularly for items susceptible to water damage, and stresses the need for constant supervision in specific cases. The paragraph highlights the critical need to ensure access to essential fittings and clear walkways, while also addressing the need for mechanical ventilation for certain empty receptacles. It discusses the requirements for protecting substances from heat and other potential hazards, especially in proximity to living quarters.
π₯ Segregation and Protection of Hazardous Materials
This paragraph focuses on the segregation and protection of various classes of dangerous goods on ships. It details the specific storage requirements for different hazard classes, such as flammable liquids, toxic substances, and radioactive materials. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of segregation to prevent dangerous reactions, highlighting the need for careful planning and consideration of secondary hazards. It also mentions the necessity of jettisoning certain materials in emergencies and the specific handling procedures required for materials like oxidizing substances and corrosive substances.
π Tools and Procedures for Dangerous Goods Segregation
This paragraph describes the tools and procedures used to determine segregation requirements for dangerous goods. It explains the use of a special table in the code and computerized storage programs to manage the storage of dangerous goods. The paragraph also outlines the steps involved in establishing segregation provisions and the importance of referencing the dangerous goods list. It highlights the role of senior officers in managing emergencies involving dangerous goods and the importance of adhering to their instructions during drills.
π¦ Handling and Transport of Dangerous Cargo Units
This paragraph provides detailed guidance on the handling and transport of cargo transport units containing dangerous goods. It discusses the importance of inspecting units for damage before loading and emphasizes the need for proper supervision during loading and unloading on roll-on/roll-off (roro) vessels. The paragraph also covers the specific requirements for temperature control, handling dangerous waste materials, and the importance of proper documentation and approvals for transporting dangerous goods by sea. Special provisions for certain vessel types, such as roro vessels and barge-carrying ships, are also mentioned.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Segregation
π‘Stowage
π‘Dangerous Goods
π‘Cargo Transport Units
π‘IMDG Code
π‘Temperature Control
π‘Marine Pollutants
π‘Hazardous Vapors
π‘Exemptions
π‘Storage Categories
π‘Emergency Response Procedures
Highlights
The chapter's learning objective is to secure a limited working knowledge of storage, precautions, segregation, and transport of dangerous goods on ships.
Stowage refers to the way packages are loaded on a ship, and segregation is the process to avoid problems between adjacent packages in an emergency.
Fire is one of the most dangerous ways hazard may spread on a ship, and understanding its prevention is crucial.
Different vessel types impact the handling procedures for packages, vehicles, and containers loaded with dangerous goods.
Certain dangerous goods require specialized handling due to their nature.
Ships are divided into two groups for storage recommendations: cargo ships or passenger ships with limited passengers, and other passenger ships.
Storage categories (A to D and II) dictate where substances, materials, and articles should be stowed on ships.
In the event of spillages or leakages, precautions should be taken to prevent the inadvertent pumping of materials through machinery spaces.
Drums containing dangerous goods must always be stowed upright unless authorized otherwise.
Underdeck storage is recommended wherever possible, except for certain articles like explosives and fiberboard boxes susceptible to water damage.
Storage on deck is recommended when constant supervision or access to the package is required, or there is a risk of explosive gas mixtures or toxic vapors.
Access to essential fittings for the safe management of the vessel should not be impeded by the storage of dangerous goods.
Special provisions regarding the storage of dangerous goods with particular hazards are applied, ensuring clear walkways and access to facilities.
Empty or unclean cylinders that previously contained toxic gases should only be stowed on deck.
Substances needing protection from radiant heat and temperature variations should be shielded from strong sunlight and direct heat sources.
Dangerous cargo must be stowed clear of living quarters to prevent the risk of dangerous vapors leaking into accommodations and work areas.
Marine pollutants must be securely stowed to minimize the risk of being lost overboard, with underdeck storage preferred where permitted.
Foodstuffs should be protected from contamination by toxic gases and substances, with separate storage from such materials.
Radioactive materials, corrosive substances, and infectious substances have specific storage requirements to ensure safety.
Special storage requirements exist for rockets, rocket motors, and gases, including protection from heat and accumulation of dangerous vapors.
Segregation of incompatible goods is essential to prevent hazardous situations in the event of accidents.
The IMDG Code provides diagrams and tables for segregation requirements based on different transport methods and cargo spaces.
In an emergency involving dangerous goods, reference will be made to the emergency response procedures contained in the IMDG Code.
Dangerous waste material must be transported according to international conventions and the IMDG Code, with specific classifications and procedures.
Special certificates, approvals, or permits called exemptions may be required for the transportation of certain dangerous goods, detailed in the IMDG Code.
Transcripts
The learning objective of this chapter
is to secure a limited working knowledge
of storage
particular precautions
segregation
cargo transport units on particular
vessel types temperature control
provisions
the transport of wastes and exemptions
approvals and certificates
while the previous chapters have
addressed provisions for individual
packages and the substances they contain
the potential problems are multiplied
when they all brought together in the
same ship
the way that they are loaded is called
stowage the way in which problems that
adjacent packages can have on each other
in the event of emergency is avoided is
by a process called segregation of
course one of the most dangerous ways in
which hazard may spread is through fire
and an understanding of the ways in
which this is restricted or prevented is
important particular vessel types can
also have a significant impact on the
handling procedures for packages
vehicles and containers loaded with
dangerous goods certain types of
dangerous goods will also require
specialized handling finally there are
particular shipments which requires
special certificates and you should know
that there is a procedure for these
except in the case of class 1 explosives
ships are divided into two groups for
the purpose of making appropriate
storage recommendations
one cargo ships or passenger ships
carrying a limited number of passengers
this number is a maximum of 25 or
calculated as 143 meters of length of
the ship
two other passenger ships in which a
larger number of passengers carried
substances materials and articles shall
be stowed according to a number of
storage categories
these are as follows
click on the categories for Moines
category a
cargo or passengers ships as limited
above on deck or under deck other
passenger ships on deck or under deck
category B
cargo or passengers ships as limited
above on deck or under deck other
passenger ships on deck only
category C
cargo or passengers ships
it above on deck only other passenger
ships on deck only
category D
cargo or passengers ships as limited
above on deck only other passenger ships
prohibited
category ii
cargo or passengers ships as limited
above on deck or under deck other
passenger ships prohibited
because of the speed at which an
accident
living dangerous goods may escalate and
spread through the whole ship for
transport of some particular dangerous
substances materials or articles is not
permitted at all aboard passenger ships
carrying more than 25 passengers
if spillages or leakages occur
asian precautions should be taken to
prevent the inadvertent pumping of the
material through the machinery space
build system
drums containing dangerous goods shall
always be stowed in an upright position
unless otherwise authorized by a
competent authority
this applies to both drums in an open
stove and those packed in a cargo
transport unit where are more underdeck
storage is permitted storage under deck
is recommended wherever possible except
for certain articles of class 1
explosives fiberboard boxes and other
packages susceptible to water damage
shall be stowed under deck or if they're
stowed on deck be located in a protected
location but does not expose them to
whether all seawater
storage on
only is recommended in cases where
constant supervision is required or
access to the package is particularly
required or there is a substantial risk
of formation of explosive gas mixtures
development of highly toxic vapors or
unobserved corrosion of the ship
we're dangerous good to stowed on deck
access to hydrants sounding pipes and
other fittings essential to the safe
management of the vessel shall not be
impeded
at all times the storage of dangerous
goods shall be so arranged
as to ensure clear walkways and access
to facilities are maintained and but any
special provisions regarding storage of
dangerous goods possessing a particular
hazard can be applied
packages and other receptacles that
would normally be stowed on deck only
when in a full condition may be stowed
again on deck when empty or under deck
provided the space is mechanically
ventilated empty unclean cylinders that
have previously contained gasps of a
toxic nature shall however only bestowed
on deck
some substances need to be protected
from radiant heat and large temperature
variations such substances shall
therefore be protected from strong
sunlight by locating them other than on
the top or the side of an armed ex toe
and we stowed away from sources of
direct heat such as heating coils steam
pipes uninsulated machinery bulkheads
and the like
dangerous cargo shall be stowed clear of
living quarters and consideration of the
possibility that dangerous vapors may
leak to be drawn into the accommodation
machinery space and other work areas
through air intakes ventilation ducts
and openings and bulkheads such as doors
and ports all infectious substances
shall be stowed in a position separated
by a complete compartment or hold from
living quarters
marine pollutants are to be securely
stowed in such a manner as to minimize
the risk of them being lost overboard
underdeck storage is preferred where
permitted except where a weathertech
storage provides equivalent protection
we're home Dec only storage is required
packages containing such marine
pollutants shall be stowed in well
protected areas
foodstuffs can be contaminated very
easily and if then eaten this can lead
to very serious health problems toxic
gases and toxic substances shall be
stowed away from food starts except
where the substances and the foodstuffs
are in separate closed cargo transport
units infectious substances shall be
stowed in a position separated by a
complete compartment or hold from all
foodstuffs radioactive materials chubby
stowed separated from foodstuffs
corrosive substances shall be stowed
away from foodstuffs the precise
definition of these storage terms is
dealt with in a following section
go to class
Joseph's also have to be protected from
the following heat
water
any potential hazards presented by a
and cables and lightning strike
there are special storage requirements
for rockets and rocket motors security
is a particular concern for these goods
go to class two gases also have to be
protected from the following
heat
movement and
the accumulation of dangerous vapors
goods of class 3 flammable liquids also
have to be protected from
heat
the accumulation of dangerous papers and
must also bestowed in relation to other
areas of the ship
goods of class four point
one flammable solids 4.2 substances
liable to spontaneous combustion and 4.3
substances which on contact with water
amit flammable gases must also be
protected from
heat
the accumulation of dangerous vapors and
must be stowed in relation to other
areas of the ship and with consideration
of the possible need for jettison in the
event of an emergency
goods of class 5.1 oxidizing substances
and 5.2 organic peroxides must also be
protected from
contact with moisture and water
potential sources of ignition and must
be stowed in relation to other areas of
the ship and with consideration of the
possible need for jettison in the event
of an emergency
goods of class 6.1 toxic substances must
also be protected from
the accumulation of dangerous vapors and
must be stowed in relation to other
areas of the ship they must also be
inspected after discharge for possible
contamination special attention must be
paid to toxic substances which are also
flammable liquids
particular provisions applied
which of goods of class 7 radioactive
material they are very specific and
include those relating to
the categories of radioactive
Ariel the maximum quantity is based on
transport indexes of the consignments
and the need for monitoring of
consignments during shipment
go to class 8 corrosive substances must
be protected from
contact with moisture and water the
accumulation of dangerous neighbors and
heat
various special provisions apply to the
storage of goods of class 9
miscellaneous dangerous substances and
articles they relate specifically to
precautions for certain fertilizers
when dangerous goods are loaded closely
together on a ship there may be a risk
of leakage contamination or a dangerous
reaction if something goes wrong during
the voyage
careful consideration therefore needs to
be given to the locations of all
packages of dangerous goods if a
dangerous reaction is possible then
those goods need to be separated from
each other
this procedure is referred to as
segregation
the principles of segregation applied
cargo spaces on deck or under deck and
to all types of ship and cargo transport
unit
incompatible goods shall be segregated
from one another
incompatible goods of those which
wednesday together result in a hazardous
situation in the event of spillage
leakage or any other accident
secondary hazards must also be
considered
the following terms are applicable to
the storage of
painting dangerous goods and it is
necessary to examine them in more detail
before continuing
click on the terms for more information
the principal manual method of
determining which general
supply is by reference to a special
table contained in the code many
companies utilize computerized storage
programs which include electronic
versions of this segregation table
since the properties of substances
materials and articles vary greatly
the table is only to be considered as a
tool that supports the dangerous goods
list the specific segregation provisions
indicated in the list will always take
precedence over the general provisions
in the table click on the button below
to see the table
for the purposes of segregation the code
considers different transport methods
individually segregation of packages
segregation of cargo transport units
aboard containerships segregation of
cargo transport units on board
roll-on/roll-off ships segregation and
ship-borne barges and onboard barge
carrying ships and segregation between
bulk materials possessing chemical
hazards and dangerous goods in packaged
form chapter 7 of the code contains a
series of diagrams
based on the above categories to enable
the user to see the necessary
segregation requirements
there are three steps to establishing
the required segregation provisions one
consult the dangerous goods list to
refer to the segregation table 3
determine the required segregation
provisions according to the means of
transport this planning is done on
computer in many ships and officers
today
in the event of an incident involving
dangerous goods reference will be made
to the emergency response procedures for
ships carrying dangerous goods contained
in the supplement to the imd g-code
additional general information will be
found in the vessels so last training
manual this is something the senior
officers will do automatically and you
should follow their instructions
carefully in an emergency you should
also pay attention to their explanations
during emergency drills in the event of
exposure to a dangerous substance
reference will be made to the medical
first aid guide for use in accidents
involving dangerous goods
recommendations on how to
handles managers will vary according to
whether the storage is on deck or under
deck and whether the substance is a
liquid or solid in general the
recommendation is to wash spillages on
deck overboard with copious amounts of
water disposal is still dangerous goods
overboard is a matter of judgment for
the master bearing in mind that the
safety of personnel has priority over
pollution of the sea the Master will
always issue orders on this and you
should never act without first obtaining
clear instructions if it is safe to do
so those substances listed as marine
pollutants should be connected for safe
disposal and absorbent material should
be used to collect spilled liquid care
should be taken to guard against the
effects of toxic vapors and the
possibility of reduced oxygen levels in
the vicinity of a spillage particularly
in confined spaces if necessary
self-contained breathing operators
should be used
before loading cargo transport units
used for the transport of dangerous
goods shall be examined for damage
leakage or sifting of the contents any
unit found with such defects shall not
be accepted for shipment
this is often done well before the
eunuch reaches the ship but the crew
should be alert to damage that may have
occurred on the way to the ship
care should be taken in the event that
your transport unit needs to be open for
any reason the nature of the contents of
the possibility of leakage or the
accumulation of toxic vapors leading to
an unsafe atmosphere should be
considered some products react on
contact with moisture and care should be
taken wherever possible to restrict the
development of condensation within cargo
transport units
similarly where it is required the
dangerous goods be kept as cool as
possible consideration should be given
to protecting a cargo transport unit
against heat such as from direct
sunlight empty cargo transport units
which previously contained dangerous
goods shall be inspected to ensure that
no dangerous residues remain
care needs to be given to the storage of
cargo transport units containing
flammable gases or liquids having a very
low flash point particularly under deck
there is a risk from the heating or
cooling equipment on refrigerated or
heated cargo transport units as this may
be a potential source of ignition
for the segregation of cargo transport
units are
ships or ships of other types but fitted
to provide permanent storage of
containers there is another special
table in the code the type of container
is also important here
closed unit a unit which totally
encloses the contents by permanent
structures fabric sides or tops are not
acceptable under this definition open
unit any unit which by definition is not
the closed unit
loading and unloading of the vehicle
decks on a rogue vessel must be properly
supervised by qualified and appointed
personnel such spaces shall be securely
closed during the voyage
dangerous goods packed in cargo
transport units are permitted to be
stowed in the conventional way on
vehicle decks weather decks or in cargo
holes provided all requirements of the
imd g-code are met and the units are
properly secured regular inspections of
spaces containing such units by an
authorized crewmember are required in
order to gain early detection of any
hazard because of the unique design
features of roro vessels special
segregation provisions again apply to
this type of vessel and again there is a
special table in the code
barge carrying ships are another special
case because of their design once again
special provisions are made for the
transport of packaged dangerous goods on
these ships and they are detailed in the
code
certain substances mainly organic
peroxides and self reactive substances
of class 4.1 must be carried at
specified low temperatures the paperwork
will include a note of the temperature
at which emergency procedures must be
implemented
there are different methods of
temperature can
row and various factors will influence
which is employed including the
difference between the control
temperature and the anticipated ambient
temperatures the effectiveness of any
thermal insulation and the duration of
the voyage
methods of temperature
thermal insulation
thermal insulation with a
system single or dual mechanical
refrigeration and combined mechanical
refrigeration and coolant system and any
electrical fittings shall be
explosion-proof and of an approved
pattern
dangerous waste material shall be
transported in accordance with the
relevant international conventions and
to where it concerns the transport by
sea with the provisions of the imdg code
a waste containing only one constituent
which is a dangerous substance shall be
regarded as being that substance for the
purposes of the code a waste containing
two or more dangerous constituents shall
be classified according to the
predominant hazard
in some cases special certificates
approvals or permits called exemptions
are required for the transportation of
dangerous goods by sea the way in which
these are issued and controlled is
detailed in the imd g-code such papers
are issued by competent authorities
national government departments
responsible for enforcing the provisions
of the imdg code in a particular country
or agencies and organizations which have
been delegated to carry out certain
related tasks such as the testing of
packaging's click the button to see
examples of exemption and approval
certificates
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